共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 796 毫秒
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Mohd Mustaqim Mohd-Nordin Ki-Il Song Gye-Chun Cho Zainab Mohamed 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(2):561-573
Geophysical site investigation techniques based on elastic waves have been widely used to characterize rock masses. However, characterizing jointed rock masses by using such techniques remains challenging because of a lack of knowledge about elastic wave propagation in multi-jointed rock masses. In this paper, the roughness of naturally fractured rock joint surfaces is estimated by using a three-dimensional (3D) image-processing technique. The classification of the joint roughness coefficient (JRC) is enhanced by introducing the scan line technique. The peak-to-valley height is selected as a key indicator for JRC classification. Long-wavelength P-wave and torsional S-wave propagation across rock masses containing naturally fractured joints are simulated through the quasi-static resonant column (QSRC) test. In general, as the JRC increases, the S-wave velocity increases within the range of stress levels considered in this paper, whereas the P-wave velocity and the damping ratio of the shear wave decrease. In particular, the two-dimensional joint specimen underestimates the S-wave velocity while overestimating the P-wave velocity. This suggests that 3D joint surfaces should be implicated to obtain the reliable elastic wave velocity in jointed rock masses. The contact characteristic and degree of roughness and waviness of the joint surface are identified as a factor influencing P-wave and S-wave propagation in multi-jointed rock masses. The results indicate a need for a better understanding of the sensitivity of contact area alterations to the elastic wave velocity induced by changes in normal stress. This paper’s framework can be a reference for future research on elastic wave propagation in naturally multi-jointed rock masses. 相似文献
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Sheng Zeng Shaoping Wang Bing Sun Qibing Liu 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2018,36(3):1559-1573
The existence of joint fissures makes explosive actions between rock masses more complex. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out experiments studying blasting stress waves propagating in jointed rock masses. Based on the Froude Similarity principle, the geological mechanical models of intact rock masses and jointed rocks have been proposed. A blasting vibration experiment was carried out and demonstrated that the propagation of the blasting stress waves and changing structures have an important relationship. A numerical simulation of the blasting stress wave propagation law in a layered jointed rock mass was carried out. This study found that with an increase in the joint angle, the peak velocity of blasting stress wave, transmission coefficient and reflection coefficient all gradually increased, while the attenuation coefficient gradually decreased. With an increase in joint spacing, the attenuation rate of the blasting stress waves increased. 相似文献
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Analysis of Wave Propagation Through a Filled Rock Joint 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
An analytical and experimental study on a longitudinal wave (P-wave) transmission normally across a filled rock joint is presented in this paper. The dynamic property of the filling material for the artificial rock joints is derived from a series of modified split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests. The incident and transmitted waves in granitic pressure bars are calculated by wave separations of the strain gauge readings. The incident wave is approximated by a series of half-sinusoidal waves, and an analytical model on wave propagation across a filled rock joint is then deduced. The derived wave transmission coefficients across the filled joint agree very well with those from the test results. Both the analytical and test results show that the wave transmission coefficients are influenced by the mechanical properties and the input energy of the incident waves. Analytical parametric studies with respect to pre-compaction of the filling material, the frequency and amplitude of the incident wave have also been conducted. 相似文献
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A Numerical Study on Wave Transmission Across Multiple Intersecting Joint Sets in Rock Masses with UDEC 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
This paper presents a numerical study on wave transmission across jointed rock masses with UDEC, where multiple intersecting joint sets exist. The capability of UDEC of studying wave transmission across rock joints is validated through comparison with analytical solutions and experimental data. Through parametric studies on wave transmission across jointed rock masses, it is found that joint mechanical and spatial parameters including joint normal and shear stiffnesses, nondimensional joint spacing, joint spacing ratio, joint intersecting angle, incident angle, and number of joint sets together determine the wave transmission. And for P wave incidence, compared with other parameters, joint normal stiffness, nondimensional joint spacing, and joint intersecting angle have more significant effects on wave transmission. The physical reasons lying behind those phenomena are explained in detail. Engineering applications and indications of the modeling results are also mentioned. 相似文献
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以鲁甸地震诱发的红石岩崩塌滑坡为研究对象,通过大型振动台模型试验和3DEC数值模拟,研究了含软弱岩层的反倾岩质边坡的动力响应和破坏失稳模式.研究结果表明:水平加载下,随频率增大PGA放大系数先减小后增大,在接近坡体自振频率8Hz的波形加载下,坡体动力响应最为剧烈,软弱岩层对不同频率的横波具有放大和吸收作用,对5~10Hz的横波放大效应明显,对15~20Hz的横波则明显吸收;竖向加载下,随加载正弦波频率的增加,PGA放大系数先增大,25Hz时PGA放大系数减小,随后又继续增大,在频率为30Hz时PGA放大系数达到最大,在5~30Hz范围内软弱岩层对纵波均具有一定的放大效果;双向加载下,坡体水平和竖向PGA放大系数分布与单向加载一致,但双向加载下坡体部分位置动力响应加剧,部分位置动力响应则受到抑制.含软弱岩层的反倾岩质边坡破坏过程可以分为6个阶段:坡体内部轻微损伤-软岩挤出、软硬岩交界上方硬岩拉裂-硬岩裂纹向上延展-软弱岩层挤压滑动-层面和纵向节理贯通形成滑面-边坡破坏.在软弱岩层的反倾岩质边坡中,软弱岩层具有对地震波的放大吸收、折射反射作用,影响着边坡的动力响应特征,软弱岩层的挤出破坏导致上部岩体岩结构面松动开裂,是该类岩质边坡破坏发展的主要原因,对该类边坡需应注意对软弱岩层进行加固防护,减小边坡的动力破坏. 相似文献
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A numerical model is proposed for the simulation of rock blasting. A bonded particle system is utilized to mimic the behavior of rock. The particles interact at the contact points through normal and shear springs to simulate rock elasticity. To withstand the deviatoric stresses, the particles are glued to each other. If the applied force exceeds the contact strength, local failure occurs and microcracks are developed in the synthetic rock. For simulation of gas flow, the smooth particle hydrodynamic method is implemented. The interaction of gas particles with the rock grains is assumed to follow a perfect plastic collision model in which the initial momentum of the colliding particles is preserved. A detailed examination of the interaction of gas with blast hole is investigated. It is shown that the proposed hybrid model is capable of simulating the induced shock waves in the gas together with wave propagation in the rock material. The model successfully mimics crack propagation in rock. In particular, the crushed zone around the borehole, radial cracks, and surface spalling are all captured successfully. The results of numerical analysis suggest that gas–rock interaction can, in fact, generate a few successive compressive waves in the rock specimen, causing further extension of radial cracks with time as the weaker secondary and tertiary waves interact with the crack tips. 相似文献
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Stochastic seismic wave interaction with a slippery rock fault is studied, based on the principle of conservation of momentum
at the wave fronts along the fault. By using the displacement discontinuity method, the wave propagation equations are derived
for incident longitudinal-(P-) and shear-(S-) waves, respectively. This is an extension of the study by Li and Ma (2010) for
blast-induced wave propagation across a linear rock joint. Stochastic seismic waves are generated from a frequency spectrum
and used to analyze the seismic wave interaction with a rock fault having a Coulomb-slip behavior. Parametric studies are
carried out to investigate the effect of the intensity and impinging angle of the incident seismic waves on wave propagation
across a slippery rock fault. Results show that the transmission of the incident P-wave is almost not affected by the fault,
on the contrary, this is not the case for an incident S-wave, due to the occurrence of a relative slip which is related to
the impinging angle of the incident S-wave. A quantitative study is presented which is of help in understanding the propagation
and attenuation laws of seismic waves in discontinuous rock masses. 相似文献
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The analysis of the wave propagation in layered rocks masses with periodic fractures is tackled via a two-scale approach in order to consider shape and size of the rock inhomogeneities. To match the displacement fields at the two scales, an approximation of the micro-displacement field is assumed that depends on the first and second gradients of the macro-displacement through micro-fluctuation displacement functions obtained by the finite element solution of cell problems derived by the classical asymptotic homogenization. The resulting equations of motion of the equivalent continuum at the macro-scale result to be not local in space, thus a dispersive wave propagation is obtained from the model. The simplifying hypotheses assumed in the multi-scale kinematics limit the validity of the model to the first dispersive branch in the frequency spectrum corresponding to the lowest modes.Although the homogenization procedure is developed to study the macro-scale wave propagation in rock masses with bounded domain, the reliability of the proposed method has been evaluated in the examples by considering unbounded rock masses and by comparing the dispersion curves provided by the rigorous process of Floquet–Bloch with those obtained by the method presented. The accuracy of the method is analyzed for compressional and shear waves propagating in the intact-layered rocks along the orthotropic axes. Therefore, the influence of crack density in the layered rock mass has been analyzed. Vertical cracks have been considered, periodically located in the stiffer layer, and two different crack densities have been analyzed, which are differentiated in the crack spacing. A good agreement is obtained in case of compressional waves travelling along the layering direction and in case of both shear and compressional waves normal to the layering. The comparison between two crack systems with different spacing has shown this aspect to have a remarkable effect on waves travelling along the direction of layering, and limited in the case of waves propagating normal to the layers.The equivalent continuous model obtained through the dynamic homogenization technique here presented may be applied to the computational analysis of non-stationary wave propagation in rock masses of finite size, also consisting of sub-domains with different macro-mechanical characteristics. This avoids the use of computational models represented at the scale of the heterogeneities, which may be too burdensome or even unfeasible. 相似文献
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Analysis of Blast Wave Interaction with a Rock Joint 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
The interaction between rock joints and blast waves is crucial in rock engineering when rock mass is suffered from artificial or accidental explosions, bursts or weapon attacks. Based on the conservation of momentum at the wave fronts and the displacement discontinuity method, quantitative analysis for the interaction between obliquely incident P- or S-blast wave and a linear elastic rock joint is carried out in the present study, so as to deduce a wave propagation equation. For some special cases, such as normal or tangential incidence, rigid or weak joint, the analytical solution of the stress wave interaction with a rock joint is obtained by simplifying the wave propagation equation. By verification, it is found that the transmission and reflection coefficients from the wave propagation equation agree very well with the existing results. Parametric studies are then conducted to evaluate the effects of the joint stiffness and incident waves on wave transmission and reflection. The wave propagation equation derived in the present study can be straightforwardly extended for different incident waveforms and nonlinear rock joints to calculate the transmitted and reflected waves without mathematical methods such as the Fourier and inverse Fourier transforms. 相似文献
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Micromechanical Model for Simulating the Fracture Process of Rock 总被引：25，自引：3，他引：25
Summary A micromechanical model is proposed to study the deformation and failure process of rock based on knowledge of heterogeneity of rock at the mesoscopic level. In this numerical model, the heterogeneity of rock at the mesoscopic level is considered by assuming the material properties in rock conform to the Weibull distribution. Elastic damage mechanics is used to describe the constitutive law of meso-level elements, the finite element method is employed as the basic stress analysis tool and the maximum tensile strain criterion as well as the Mohr-Coulomb criterion is utilized as the damage threshold. A simple method, similar to a smeared crack model, is used for tracing the crack propagation process and interaction of multiple cracks. Based on this model, a numerical simulation program named Rock Failure Process Analysis Code (RFPA) is developed. The influence of parameters that include the Weibull distribution parameters, constitutive parameters of meso-level elements and number of elements in the numerical model, are discussed in detail. It is shown that the homogeneity index is the most important factor to simulate material failure with this model. This model is able to capture the complete mechanical responses of rock, which includes the crack patterns associated with different loading stages and loading conditions, localization of deformation, stress redistribution and failure process. The numerical simulation of rock specimens under a variety of static loading conditions is presented, and the results compare well with experimental results. 相似文献
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In nature, there exist several forms of anisotropy in rock masses due to the presence of bedding planes, joints, and weak layers. It is well understood that the anisotropic properties of jointed rock masses significantly affect the stability of surface and underground excavations. However, these critical anisotropic characteristics are often ignored in existing uniaxial dynamic failure criteria. This study investigates the effect of a pre-existing persistent joint on the rate-dependent mechanical behaviours of a rock mass using a particle mechanics approach, namely, bonded particle model (BPM), to realistically replicate the mechanical response of the rock mass. Firstly, in order to capture the rate-dependent response of the jointed rock mass, the BPM model is validated using published experimental data. Then, a dynamic strength model is proposed based on the Jaeger criterion and simulation results. To further investigate the dynamic behaviours, the dynamic uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) for anisotropic rock masses with various joint orientations is investigated by subjecting the BPM models to uniaxial compression numerical tests with various strain rate. The proposed dynamic strength model is validated based on numerical simulation results. Finally, the fragmentation characteristics of the jointed rock masses are analysed, which demonstrate that the failure mode affects the dynamic UCS. This is further confirmed by the analysis of the orientations of microscopic cracks generated by the compression loading. 相似文献
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Boundary settings for the seismic dynamic response analysis of rock masses using the numerical manifold method 
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下载免费PDF全文 Aiming to accurately simulate seismic dynamic response of rock masses using the numerical manifold method (NMM), boundary settings must be treated carefully. In this paper, 4 issues in boundary settings are investigated to improve the performance of NMM: (1) Nonreflecting boundaries including the viscous boundary and viscoelastic boundary are considered; (2) A free‐field boundary is incorporated into NMM to accurately simulate external source wave motion; (3) A seismic input boundary is considered, and the force input method is introduced; and (4) A static‐dynamic unified boundary is incorporated for the convenience of transforming displacement boundary into other types of boundaries, such as nonreflecting boundaries and seismic input boundary. Several benchmark problems are solved to validate the improved NMM. Simulation results agree well with analytical ones, indicating that the improved NMM is able to simulate seismic dynamic response of rock masses reliably and correctly. 相似文献
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为了对松动岩体的工程特性进行系统研究,以楞古水电站厂址区边坡为例,对该边坡岩体进行了详细的地质编录和物理勘探试验,重点对节理裂隙的空间发育规律、镶嵌结构和碎裂结构岩体的发育深度及空间分布、软弱结构面发育分布规律以及边坡已有变形破坏特征这四个方面进行了系统的统计和分析,认为松动岩体是区域断裂活动和浅表生改造的结果,岩体工程效应差、变形模量低;同时结合应力测试、声波测速、高密度电磁勘探等试验成果进行分析,结果显示松动岩体具低波速（波速大部分小于3 000 m/s）、低应力（最大主应力不超过20 MPa）、强透水性（透水性系数大于10 L/（min·m·m））。认为岩体破碎主要受断层及节理裂隙影响,分析了岩体破裂松动的演化过程及特征。 相似文献
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Stress wave attenuation across fractured rock masses is a great concern of underground structure safety. When the wave amplitude is large, fractures experience nonlinear deformation during the wave propagation. This paper presents a study on normal transmission of P‐wave across parallel fractures with nonlinear deformational behaviour (static Barton–Bandis model). The results show that the magnitude of transmission coefficient is a function of incident wave amplitude, nondimensional fracture spacing and number of fractures. Two important indices of nondimensional fracture spacing are identified, and they divide the area of nondimensional fracture spacing into three parts (individual fracture area, transition area and small spacing area). In the different areas, the magnitude of transmission coefficient has different trends with nondimensional fracture spacing and number of fractures. In addition, the study reveals that under some circumstances, the magnitude of transmission coefficient increases with increasing number of fractures, and is larger than 1. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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The estimation of wave transmission across the fractured rock masses is of great importance for rock engineers to assess the stability of rock slopes in open pit mines. Presence of fault, as a major discontinuity, in the jointed rock mass can significantly impact on the peak particle velocity and transmission of blast waves, particularly where a fault contains a thick infilling with weak mechanical properties. This paper aims to study the effect of fault properties on transmission of blasting waves using the distinct element method. First, a validation study was carried out on the wave transmission across a single joint and different rock mediums through undertaking a comparative study against analytical models. Then, the transmission of blast wave across a fault with thick infilling in the Golgohar iron mine, Iran, was numerically studied, and the results were compared with the field measurements. The blast wave was numerically simulated using a hybrid finite element and finite difference code which then the outcome was used as the input for the distinct element method analysis. The measured uplift of hanging wall, as a result of wave transmission across the fault, in the numerical model agrees well with the recorded field measurement. Finally, the validated numerical model was used to study the effect of fault properties on wave transmission. It was found that the fault inclination angle is the most effective parameter on the peak particle velocity and uplift. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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岩体节理在受到应力波扰动时端部受力会发生不同程度的连续性变化,为具体分析这种动态变化与应力波入射角度之间的关系,引用岩石非线性法向本构关系与线性切向本构关系的组合模型以及相应的在P波斜入射节理的应力波传播方程,结合岩石断裂力学中Ⅰ、Ⅱ型裂纹尖端应力和位移场的相关理论,得出组合形式下的节理端部应力场和位移场随质点振速变化的计算公式。通过不同入射角的模拟脉冲信号作用对端部应力位移的变化分析：应力波斜入射节理导致节理端部上、下两侧应力与位移场非对称分布,随着入射波质点振速的增减变化,应力集中位置会出现变化;计算并整理模型中节理端部上、下两侧0.005 m位置的数据,节理法向刚度由入射波质点振速带来的变化直接影响到应力波的透射与反射,进而会导致端部的应力与位移出现滞后效应;节理端部横向位移值与入射角度并非单调变化,而竖向位移会随着入射角的增大呈现下降趋势。 相似文献
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The failure process of brittle rock submitted to a compression state of stress with different confining pressures is investigated in this paper based on discrete element method (DEM) simulations. In the DEM model, the rock sample is represented by bonding rigid particles at their contact points. The numerical model is first calibrated by comparing the macroscopic response with the macroscopic response of Beishan granite obtained from laboratory tests. After the validation of numerical model in terms of macroscopic responses, the failure process of the DEM model under unconfined and confined compression is studied in micro‐scale in detail. The contact force network and its relation to the development of micro‐cracks and evolution of major fractures are studied. Confining pressure will prohibit the development of tensile cracks and hence alter the failure patterns. An in‐depth analysis of micro‐scale response is carried out, including the orientation distribution and probability density of stress acting on parallel bonds, the effect of particle size heterogeneity on bond breakage and the evolution of fabric tensor and coordination number of parallel bond. The proposed micromechanical analysis will allow us to extract innovative features emerged from the stresses and crack evolution in brittle rock failure process. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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岩体中普遍存在着断层﹑节理和裂隙等结构面,这些结构面的存在和发展对岩体的整体强度﹑变形及稳定性有极大的影响。因此,研究岩体中原生结构面的萌生﹑发展以及贯通演化过程对评估岩体工程安全性和可靠性具有非常重要的理论与现实意义。扩展有限元法（XFEM）作为一种求解不连续问题的有效数值方法,模拟裂隙时独立于网格,因此,在模拟岩体裂隙扩展﹑水力劈裂等方面具有独特优势。针对扩展有限元法的基本理论及其在岩体裂隙扩展模拟中的应用展开了研究,建立了扩展有限元法求解岩体裂隙摩擦接触、岩体裂隙破坏等问题的数值模型,并将计算模型应用于岩质边坡稳定性分析和重力坝坝基断裂破坏等工程问题。 相似文献