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禹城市为东营组热储地热资源开采利用集中区,因地热资源集中开采及地热尾水的直接外排,造成了水化学污染、热污染及热储层压力下降等一系列地质环境问题。本次在禹城市地热资源开发利用现状调查的基础上,在禹城市栖庭水岸开展地热回灌试验研究,回灌模式为自然同层对井回灌。根据本次回灌试验取得的数据,对回灌量与回灌压力关系、回灌对热储层水质影响、回灌对热储层温度影响规律进行了分析研究并根据拟合回灌量与水位升幅关系曲线计算了最大回灌量。分析结果表明:回灌量随压力的增大而增大,单位回灌量随回灌压力的增大呈减小趋势;回灌井因灌入了矿化度比其自身地热水矿化度高的水源,所以回灌后采集的回灌井地热水矿化度比回灌试验之前高,但因采灌井开采热储层属于同层热储,故回灌对热储层水质影响小;本次试验采灌井间距较大,故回灌对热储层温度无影响;计算确定该回灌井最大回灌量为70 m~3/h。本次回灌试验研究为禹城市地热资源可持续开发利用提供了依据。 相似文献
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地球化学模拟是了解早期阶段回灌影响的有效方法,对塘沽热田的地热回灌试验进行了地球化学模拟,以地热供暖尾水作为初始反应流体,通过模拟其与储层岩石的水－岩相互作用,确定回灌对储层性质的影响,模拟是根据回灌水在不同温度下分别与岩石反应及在不断升温过程中连续与岩石相互作用而进行的,结果表明,回灌的影响在开始阶段是相当重要的,在仅考虑溶解和沉淀矿物间体积平衡的情况下,回灌对储层的孔隙度产生正的效应,水－岩相 相似文献
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《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1987,51(4):857-867
The effects of reinjected waters on the physico-chemical characteristics of the fluids of the Larderello vapor-dominated geothermal field were monitored using deuterium and oxygen-18 as “natural” tracers. During and after reinjection, strong short-term variations of the isotopic composition of the steam were observed near the reinjection area. These variations were due mainly to mixing between the reinjected and ‘deep’ components. Large isotopic fractionations occur at depth during the evaporation of the reinjected water, and may affect the evaluation of the “recovered” fluid using a simple mixing model. Stable isotope and gas/steam ratios are closely correlated in the fluid collected in the monitored wells, in agreement with the hypothesis that an effective mixing process occurs at depth, accompanied by the formation of a liquid plume subjected to different degrees of evaporation. The non-linear correlation between isotope and gas/ steam ratios has been interpreted with a model where the deep areal chemical differences in the original fluids are modified by reinjection. 相似文献
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Clogging mechanism in the process of reinjection of used geothermal water: A simulation research on Xianyang No.2 reinjection well in a super-deep and porous geothermal reservoir 
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下载免费PDF全文 In the process of geothermal exploitation and utilization, the reinjection amount of used geothermal water in super-deep and porous reservoir is small and significantly decreases over time. This has been a worldwide problem, which greatly restricts the exploitation and utilization of geothermal resources. Based on a large amount of experiments and researches, the reinjection research on the tail water of Xianyang No. 2 well, which is carried out by combining the application of hydrogeochemical simulation, clogging mechanism research and the reinjection experiment, has achieved breakthrough results. The clogging mechanism and indoor simulation experiment results show: Factors affecting the tail water reinjection of Xianyang No. 2 well mainly include chemical clogging, suspended solids clogging, gas clogging, microbial clogging and composite clogging, yet the effect of particle migration on clogging has not been found; in the process of reinjection, chemical clogging was mainly caused by carbonates (mainly calcite), silicates (mainly chalcedony), and a small amount of iron minerals, and the clogging aggravated when the temperature rose; suspended solids clogging also aggravated when the temperature rose, which showed that particles formed by chemical reaction had a certain proportion in suspended solids. 相似文献
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热储回灌是地热资源可持续利用、避免环境污染的有效措施。在进行地热开发之前科学合理的规划采灌井井位布局,有利于延长地热井的使用年限。关中盆地是新生代拉张性断陷盆地,地热资源开采利用历史悠久。沣西地区位于关中盆地腹地,地下5000m深度范围内有5个含水热储层,自上而下分别为第四系下更新统三门组(600~960m)、新近系上新统张家坡组(960~1920m)、新近系上新统蓝田-灞河组(1920~2900m)、新近系中新统高陵群(2900~3800m)和古近系渐新统白鹿塬组(3800~5000m)。本文依据水文地质、地球物理等资料,建立了研究区三维地质模型,采用有限元模拟软件FEFLOW对目前开采最多的蓝田-灞河组热储层在不同对井采灌开发模式下同层采灌时渗流场及温度场的变化进行了模拟计算。结果表明:1)以30年为系统设计寿命,为确保抽水井和回灌井有水力联系又不发生明显的热突破,抽、灌井井间距以500~600m为宜;2)采灌对井的布置以抽水井位于天然径流流场的上游方向、回灌井位于天然径流流场的下游方向为佳;3)如果设计合理,采灌过程中回灌尾水温度对抽水井出水温度的影响可以得到有效控制;4)恰当实施地热尾水回灌,同时按照实际需求调节抽水井与回灌井的采灌量,可实现地热资源的可持续开采利用。上述结果为合理开发利用研究区地热资源提供了依据。 相似文献
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青海西宁盆地中低温地热资源丰富,但热储地层以含黏土矿物的弱胶结砂岩为主,地热水溶解性总固体较高,回灌过程中存在显著的结垢风险。基于对西宁盆地地热成因及资源分布特征分析,采用矿物溶解度法、饱和指数法等方法对典型地热水回灌结垢趋势及风险进行了综合判断。结果表明:西宁盆地“凹中凸”构造有利于地热水在深部热储富集和增温,同时将深部溶解的大量矿物质带到西宁地区中央凸起地带;西宁地区地热储层埋深主要在700～1600 m,水温30～70 ℃,主要为SO4·Cl—Na水化学类型,溶解性总固体1.85×103～4.80×104 mg/L;回灌过程中结垢以碳酸钙结垢为主,当回灌水与地下热水性质相近时,结垢风险主要发生在回灌井筒中,地层结垢风险较小,而当回灌水与地下热水性质差异较大时,不配伍性将导致地层结垢风险大大提高,其中药王泉与DR2005原1∶ 1混合时结垢量最大可达177.57 mg/L,而其他地热水结垢量较小。根据以上特征,提出以下综合解决方案:物理防垢+管材防腐、系统增压防垢+管材防腐和地面预处理+管材防腐,并辅之以阴极保护防腐、优化排量、酸洗井筒等措施,可为今后保障地热水回灌能力措施的制定提供理论依据与技术支持。 相似文献
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C. V. Chrysikopoulos 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(1):60-70
Safe disposal of thermally spent geothermal brines that contain environmentally hazardous constituents is commonly obtained by reinjection. The reinjection process also serves to maintain reservoir pressure, enhance thermal recovery, and eliminate possible compactional subsidence. To avoid premature thermal breakthrough of reinjected fluids, tracer tests are employed for detection and evaluation of preferential path networks. In this paper some promising tracers that have not received much attention in geothermal reservoir studies are discussed, and a comprehensive tabulation of field sites of artificial tracer utilization is presented. Chemical and transport processes responsible for tracer retention by the formation of reservoir solids, as well as available tracer detection techniques, are emphasized. 相似文献
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Seepage-heat transfer coupling process of low temperature return water injected into geothermal reservoir in carbonate rocks in Xian County,China 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 WANG Yan LIU Yan-guang BIAN Kai ZHANG Hong-liang QIN Shen-jun WANG Xiao-jun 《地下水科学与工程》2020,8(4):305-314
Fracture seepage and heat transfer in the geothermal reservoir of carbonate rocks after the reinjection of low temperature geothermal return water is a complex coupling process,which is also the frontier of geothermal production and reinjection research. Based on the research of cascade comprehensive development of geothermal resources in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (Xian County),the carbonate geothermal reservoir of Wumishan formation in the geothermal field in Xian County is investigated. With the development of the discrete fracture network model and the coupling model of seepage and heat transfer,the numerical solution of seepage field and temperature field with known fracture network is reached using the finite element software COMSOL,and the coupling process of seepage flow and heat in carbonate rocks is revealed. The results show that the distribution of temperature field of fractured rocks in geothermal reservoir of carbonate rocks has strong non-uniformity and anisotropy. The fracture network is interpenetrated,which constitutes the dominant channel of water conduction,and along which the fissure water moves rapidly. Under the influence of convective heat transfer and conductive heat transfer,one of the main factors to be considered in the study of thermal breakthrough is to make the cold front move forward rapidly. When the reinjection and production process continues for a long time and the temperature of the geothermal reservoir on the pumping side drops to a low level,the temperature of bedrocks is still relatively high and continues to supply heat to the fissure water,so that the temperature of the thermal reservoir on the pumping side will not decrease rapidly to the water temperature at the inlet of reinjection,but will gradually decrease after a long period of time,showing an obvious long tail effect. The distribution of fractures will affect the process of seepage and heat transfer in carbonate reservoirs,which should be considered in the study of fluid thermal coupling in carbonate reservoirs. 相似文献
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本文通过对德州水文家园砂岩热储地热回灌井全井段温度监测,在深度上分为5个区段论述了地温场的变化特征,重点对热储温度恢复的热量来源进行了分析。研究结果表明,在规模化生产性回灌时,低温地热尾水回灌会使得回灌井周边热储温度明显降低,并且恢复速率特别缓慢;通过定性分析和定量计算,认为大地传导热流和顶部地层传导热流在热储温度恢复中的作用极其微弱,而外围同层相对高温地层传导的热量和地热水流动带来的热量是其温度恢复的主要热量来源。基于该研究结果,在规模化回灌条件下,发生热突破是必然的,因此深入开展回灌工程采灌井合理井距研究、防止短时间内发生热突破是非常有必要的。 相似文献
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地下热水回灌过程中渗透系数研究 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7
地下热水回灌是处理地热开发利用中所引发的热储层压力降低和弃水污染环境等问题的有效方法。第三系热储层的回灌过程中，由于物理阻塞和化学阻塞，导致热储层的渗透性下降。回扬可在短时间内消除或缓解堵塞问题，提高回灌效率。将利用回灌试验数据求得的渗透系数进行回归，得到渗透系数衰减方程。用数值方法模拟渗透系数对回灌的影响，对比渗透系数为常数与渗透系数变化两种情况，结果表明渗透系数衰减是第三系回灌能力下降的主要原因，渗透系数是影响回灌的重要因素。 相似文献
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我国深层地热资源的认识与勘探方法建议 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
我国丰富的深层地热资源储量为加快深层勘探提供了基础,尽管目前深层地热勘探许与开发还存在着很多难度,但深层地热分布规律认识和回灌技术的日见成熟使加快深层地热勘探步伐成为可能。根据上述认识,提出了加强地热地质基础理论研究与勘探开发技术研究的目的与方法,以及进行地热资源勘查的地质调查、地球物理勘探、地热钻井工程及井试等技术方法。 相似文献
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Khomine A. Allow 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(2):409-417
In the use of geothermal energy, the reinjection of heat-depleted brines is the most important issue. The reinjection of reservoir fluid can support reservoir pressures and also allow more efficient thermal energy recovery, but at the same time many problems occur during reinjection of heat-depleted brines, among which is the precipitation of the products of reactions between reinjected fluid and the reservoir’s fluid and solid constituents. We discuss the dynamics of the reinjection of heat-depleted brines into the original reservoir using a thermohaline theoretical model using FEFLOW software, representing the effect of the difference in temperature and concentration between heat-depleted brine and reservoir fluid, regardless of the chemical reactions and assuming clean brine. 相似文献
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中国四大直辖市之一的天津具有较高地温场背景,地热开采历史长、规模大,回灌式循环开采发展势头喜人。由连续开采多年的地热井井口稳定流温监测数据证实:各储层地热流体温度并没有因长期开采而出现明显变化;而由同一眼基岩回灌井、停灌前后不同时段进行的井温测试结果表明:以比热储温度低得多的原水进行回灌,虽然井管内同一井段不同时期井温有0.1～0.76℃/a的微弱降幅,但主要取水层段在一个停灌周期内的井温则呈逐月恢复势态,数据显示停灌期间回灌井区域基岩热储温度回升迅速,并在下一个回灌期来临之前即可逐渐回复至前年同期的热储原始温度水平。 相似文献
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In order to ensure the sustainable exploitation of geothermal resources and prevent the occurrence of thermal breakthrough during the process of geothermal water reinjection, the authors systematically summarized the calculation formulas of the rights protection radius of the geothermal well in this paper. Three shortcomings in the calculation method of the rights protection radius of the geothermal well were identified through theoretical derivation. (1) The parameter f, which is defined as the ratio of the specific heat of water to that of thermal reservoir rocks, is defective. (2) The value of the thermal reservoir recovery rate defined as 0.15 is relatively unilateral, which is not applicable for geothermal wells with different lithology. (3) The calculation time is fixed as 36 500 d, which is not appropriate for geothermal wells with interval development. Based on the problems above, the authors redefined the parameter f and used variables to replace the previous thermal reservoir recovery rate and exploitation time, which can be identified according to different thermal reservoirs and specific exploitation time. By comparison of the applicable conditions of different calculation formulas of the rights protection radius of the geothermal well, the authors proposed that different calaulation formuas should be chosen based on the relationship of the size between β-1-α and 3λ. And by comparison of the rights protection radius calculation formulas for the mining well and the recharge well, it is found that the rights protection radius of the mining well is always bigger than that of the recharge well. Finally, Shuiwen residential area of Decheng district was taken as an example to verfity the theoretical results. 相似文献
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为保证地热资源的可持续开采,防止地热尾水回灌时发生热突破现象,文章系统整理了地热井权益保护半径的计算方法。通过理论推导,发现开采井权益保护半径的计算方法有3个不足之处: (1)公式中参数f定义为水比热与热储岩石比热的比值,存在缺陷; (2)热储回收率取值0.15,较为片面,不能代表不同岩性热储回收率的取值; (3)计算时间固定为36 500 d,较为片面,不适用于地热井间歇开采期。针对上述问题,该文重新给定了参数f的定义,并将热储回收率和开采时间以变量符号替代,可根据不同热储层和具体开采时间加以确定。通过研究不同回灌井权益保护半径计算方法的适用条件,提出应根据(β-1-α)与3λ的大小关系选择不同的计算公式。对开采井和回灌井权益保护半径计算公式进行对比,发现开采井权益保护半径恒大于回灌井权益保护半径,并以德城区水文家园开采系统和回灌系统为例进行计算,验证了理论推导的结果。 相似文献
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地热能是亟待加强开发利用的可再生新能源，但地热研究者与从业者需正视与地热系统相关的各类环境问题。本文聚焦地热系统来源有害组分，从其形成机制入手，总结了其类型、存在形态和环境效应，认为地热水回灌或无干扰井下换热均不可能彻底解除地热开发利用的环境和人类健康威胁，且地热水天然排泄所导致的周边环境内水质劣化同样不容忽视。在此基础上，提出水处理是地热成因环境污染防治的重要手段之一，综述了在此领域今后应着力发展的方向。 相似文献