共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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我国地下水封洞库主要修建在结晶岩体中,岩体裂隙发育程度和空间展布的非均质各向异性使得水封洞库的水封条件十分复杂。水幕系统是保证地下水封洞库密封性的核心要素,因此所设计的水幕孔与围岩间的水力联系是否满足密封性需求,需进行检验。前人在进行相关问题研究时往往将地质体简化为均质各向同性介质,个别文献在实验室尺度对地质体各向异性进行讨论,但工程适用性不强。为分析场地尺度岩体渗透性能各向异性对水幕孔水力传输效率的影响,并探究考虑这种影响的水幕系统优化方法,本文借鉴工程经验,引入水幕效率的概念,设计一种多孔联合水幕效率试验,以烟台地下水封洞库工程项目为依托,进行场地试验并利用阈值法得到试验结果,进而对水幕孔进行相应补充以优化水幕系统网络,最终使水幕系统网络在考虑地质体各向异性的实际影响下满足气密性要求。实践证明,该方法能显著加强水幕系统在各向异性场区的水力传输能力,比现行的等间距设置水幕系统钻孔更适于工程实际。 相似文献
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Open boreholes in fractured rock often cross-connect fractures with differing hydraulic head and the head differences between these fractures cause vertical flow in the water column. This cross-connection has potential to bias transmissivity (T) values obtained from straddle packer tests. This study demonstrates how measurements of the blended head in the open-hole segments above and below the straddle-packer test interval can be used to correct packer tests for cross-connection effects. A pressure response observed in the open-hole segment above and/or below the packers isolating a test interval during a hydraulic test indicates short-circuiting of water from the injection interval through the vertically connected fracture network to the open-hole segments, resulting in the overestimation of T. A method is presented using blended head concepts to minimize this error using a trial-and-error procedure to determine the short-circuiting flow rate to account for the head conditions in the open-hole segments during each hydraulic test. Observed differences between the measured head and the calculated blended head in the open-hole segments above and below the test interval are attributed to cross-connection effects around the 1-m-long packers. The head and corrected T values determined from packer tests are used to estimate the flow in and out of the open hole at each of the intervals tested for assessing the cross-connection effects under open borehole conditions. Understanding open-hole flow dynamics gives insight about the potential for vertical cross connection of chemical constituents caused by the open hole. 相似文献
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裂隙岩体渗透系数确定方法研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
裂隙岩体渗透系数以及渗透主方向的确定对研究岩体渗透性大小及各向异性具有重要意义。高放废物地质处置库介质岩体的渗透性能将直接影响其使用安全性。本文运用离散裂隙网络模拟的方法对我国高放废物处置库甘肃北山预选区3#钻孔附近裂隙岩体进行了渗透性质分析。通过对3#钻孔171.5~178.0m段压水试验数据的反演,标定了离散裂隙网络渗流模型中的裂隙渗透参数(导水系数T)。利用标定的离散裂隙网络模型对场区裂隙岩体进行了渗流模拟,确定了该区域裂隙岩体的渗流表征单元体(REV)的尺寸大小以及渗透主值和主渗透方向。运用离散裂隙网络模型计算得出的渗透主值的几何均值与现场压水试验计算结果较接近,证明了计算结果的有效性。 相似文献
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Yohannes Yihdego 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2017,35(1):29-44
Hydraulic in situ measurement of rock mass permeability by packer (Lugeon) testing is an inherent and integral element of many engineering, hydrogeological and mining investigation. This paper describes and discusses geotechnical testing in the design process from a consulting practitioner’s perspective. This study focuses on the Packer testing planning, procedure, results & interpretation. Packer test system is an optimum method for obtaining values of hydraulic conductivity in wells that are difficult to analyse using conventional slug test systems. Packer tests are carried out to assess the variability of a borehole as it intersects various hydrogeological units. It gives vertical distribution of hydraulic properties and water quality in the aquifer and usually cheaper than a nest of wells and gives more continuous record and this knowledge can often be essential for a proper design. The role, objectives, types and interpretation of testing, limitations and recommended good practices as part of the geotechnical design process are outlined through the examination of test data from a case record. 相似文献
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李超峰 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2021,51(6):1801-1810
为了定量研究与评价含水层之间地下水水力联系程度,首次提出了水力联系系数C（hydraulic connection coefficient）的概念。将水力联系系数C定义为观测孔目的含水层水位降深与该观测孔位置抽水含水层水位降深的比值。通过水力联系系数,可定量评价某含水层水平上同层之间和垂向上不同含水层之间的水力联系程度。依据鄂尔多斯盆地白垩系洛河组各含水层段的水力联系系数C值,将含水层之间水力联系分为5个等级。其中,0.000 0 ≤ C<0.062 5,0.062 5 ≤ C<0.125 0,0.125 0 ≤ C<0.250 0,0.250 0 ≤ C<0.500 0,C ≥ 0.500 0,分别代表水力联系等级为极弱、弱、中等、强、极强。以高家堡井田钻孔抽（放）水试验数据为例,采用水力联系系数和观测孔水位响应时间两个指标定量评价了区内巨厚层状非均质洛河组含水层内部水力联系。结果表明：洛河组中上段水平同层之间的水力联系系数分别为0.373 0、0.413 8,观测孔水位响应时间较短（约为5 min）,水力联系强;洛河组下段水平同层之间水力联系系数分别为0.440 1、0.491 1,观测孔水位响应时间较短（为9~20 min）,水力联系强;洛河组中上段与下段垂向水力联系系数分别为0.000 2、0.007 2、0.089 7,观测孔水位响应时间较长（大于60 min）,水力联系极弱至弱。 相似文献
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针对硬煤层瓦斯抽采衰减快,抽采周期长、效率低等问题,提出了中硬煤层顺层长钻孔分段压裂增加煤层透气性瓦斯强化抽采技术。以陕西彬长矿区4号煤层为研究对象,在实验室采用SEM高分辨率电子显微镜对比分析了水力压裂前后煤体微观孔隙结构变化特征;利用Abaqus软件模拟了封隔器受力特征及钻孔的稳定性;在彬长矿区大佛寺煤矿井下4号煤层进行水力压裂工业性试验。结果表明:煤层在加载压力15 MPa,保压48 h,煤体的孔隙、裂隙数量增多,孔径尺寸增大,且连通性增强,裂隙间的连通性明显提升。压裂过程中,封隔器同时受到内压和外压载荷产生膨胀变形,内压15 MPa、外压10 MPa时,可保持硬煤钻孔结构完整同时,产生最大的封隔摩擦力。工程试验完成3个顺煤层定向长钻孔分段压裂施工,孔深540~568 m,每孔分8 段压裂,单孔注液量910~1 154 m3,累计注液量3 011 m3;压裂后,利用孔内瞬变电磁测试确定压裂影响半径34~46 m。压裂钻孔平均瓦斯抽采纯量0.72~1.73 m3/min,平均抽采瓦斯体积分数42.60%~67.48%;对比试验区常规钻孔,瓦斯抽采体积分数提高1.20~2.49 倍,百米钻孔瓦斯抽采纯量是3.93~10.03 倍,实现了试验区域瓦斯超前增透和预抽,该工艺技术为类似地质条件大区域瓦斯超前治理提供技术借鉴。 相似文献
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弱透水层水力参数对基础工程设计、建设和地下水资源评价、地下水污染预测具有重要意义。现提出一种现场确定含水层系统中弱透水层水力参数的钻孔双管试验方法。利用麻花钻钻孔,到达地下水位线以下揭露到目的层位后布设外管,以起到护壁防止土层塌孔的作用。在外管内通过锤击的方式将内管嵌入到目的层中,使其下部管中有一定厚度的土样作为现场固定试验土柱。待内外管中地下水位稳定后迅速加高内管水头,并通过马里奥特瓶装置保持定水头。建立钻孔双管试验土柱的数学模型,推导了土柱顶底面单位面积流量随时间变化的解析解,将其无量纲化后作出标准曲线。作为该方法应用的实例,在长江下游三角洲苏锡常冲积平原的常州天宁区德安医院附近的空旷场地进行了专门的钻孔试验。确定了该地区的细砂质粉土和粉质黏土的渗透系数和贮水率分别为：K=1.66×10?6 m/s,?s =8.21×10?3 m?1;K=6.06×10?7 m/s,?s =2.26×10?3 m?1。结果表明,该方法对于现场确定弱透水层的水力参数有较好的适用性。 相似文献
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Prediction criteria for groundwater potential zones in Kemuning District,Indonesia using the integration of geoelectrical and physical parameters 
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下载免费PDF全文 The presence of groundwater is strongly related to its geological and geohydrological conditions.It is,however,important to study the groundwater potential in an area before it is utilized to provide clean water.Werner-Schlumberger’s method was used to analyze the groundwater potential while hydraulic properties such as soil porosity and hydraulic conductivity were used to determine the quality and ability of the soil to allow water’s movement in the aquifer.The results show that the aquifer in the Sekara and Kemuning Muda is at a depth of more than 6 meters below the ground level with moderate groundwater potential.It is also found that the aquifer at depths of over 60 m have high groundwater potential.Moreover,soil porosity in Kemuning is found to be average while the ability to conduct water was moderate.This makes it possible for some surface water to seep into the soil while the remaining flows to the rivers and ditches. 相似文献
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In groundwater studies, the numerical modeling of complex boundary conditions can be made easier by considering reservoirs and pipes as “reservoir” finite elements, which can store or release large volumes of water at almost constant hydraulic head. The numerical code to be used must solve the complete conservation equation with unlinked functions for the water retention curve and the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, and the ability to describe these as step functions. Four examples illustrate the performance of the “reservoir” element: reservoir pumping, laboratory variable-head permeability test, vertical flow in an open borehole, and pumping test with well storage. 相似文献
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M.J. White 《Engineering Geology》1998,49(3-4):185-194
This paper outlines the visualization of the El Berrocal granite using a computer-based geological modelling system, EarthVision, and discusses the application of this visualization to engineering aspects of waste disposal in crystalline rocks. The El Berrocal Project was an international study with the aim of understanding and modelling the migration processes which have controlled the distribution of naturally occurring radionuclides in a fractured granitic environment. EarthVision was used to provide three-dimensional geological models of the site structure and properties. Modelling of the site structure concentrated on the development of visualizations of the main discontinuities in the granite. These included a model of the main mineralized structures, a model of the regional fracture network, models of local fracture networks between borehole clusters and a visualization of the mineralogy of the fractures in individual boreholes. These fracture models were visualized with the boreholes and access gallery to the mine. In addition, the fracture network in the region of a large scale tracer test was visualized with the injection and extraction zones for the tracer test. Three-dimensional interpolations of the rock and fluid structure were undertaken. A model of the hydraulic conductivity illustrated large-scale variations in hydraulic conductivity and channelling effects in the tracer test zone. A model of the sulphate concentrations in the groundwater illustrated the interpolation of spatial data based on structural domains. The visualizations of the geology of the El Berrocal granite illustrate that, despite limitations, geological modelling can be a powerful and graphic tool in rock engineering. The use of computer visualizations can be provide the three-dimensional structural framework for computations, can aid decision making during the construction phase of waste repositories and can be useful in understanding and analysing the results of numerical calculations. 相似文献
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本文论述了某污染的工业废物填埋场场址的地质、水文地质条件,应用水化学方法、环境同位素技术(地下水中氚及氢、氧稳定同位素)和同位素单孔示踪技术等同位素水文学领域中的新方法对区内地下水的活动条件以及填埋场场址区分布的第四系孔隙潜水和第三纪红层孔隙-裂隙水的成因进行了分析,测量并确定了填埋场下部地下水的流速及流向。研究结果表明场区地下水的运动与地表水无直接水力联系。污染的工业废物填埋后不会通过地下水的迁移造成对地表水的污染,进而证实填埋场的地质、水文地质条件对处置污染的工业废物是安全可靠的。 相似文献
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高坝大库建设过程中,往往需要确定工程区附近岩土体在高水头作用下的渗透参数,钻孔高压压水试验是其中最常用的方法之一。与其他试验相比,高压压水试验具有很高的水头和渗流速度,很容易出现非线性渗流,这种情况下达西流公式不再适用,因此,亟需一种基于钻孔高压压水试验确定非线性参数的求解方法。本文建立了钻孔高压压水试验的非线性流数学模型,采用有限差分的方法,得到了阶梯水头变化情况下非线性流数学模型的数值解,并验证了该数值解的准确性。在此基础上讨论了非线性参数对水头和流速的影响,结合白鹤滩水电站玄武岩错动带现场高压压水试验,进一步验证了该方法的可靠性。结果表明,当非线性参数k和径向距离r保持不变时,非线性参数β越大则试验过程中的水头h和流速v都越小;当非线性参数β和径向距离r保持不变时,非线性参数k越大则试验过程中的水头h越小、流速v越大;且较大的β和k均会使得高压压水试验能更快地趋于稳定状态。如果仍按照达西流公式进行计算,将会高估透水介质中的水头,进而高估玄武岩错动带结构面抵抗渗透破坏的能力,最终对工程稳定性产生不利影响。在白鹤滩水电站进行的钻孔高压压水试验过程中地下水发生了非线性运动,求得C2错动带的非线性参数β=1.62 min ·m-1,k=9.60×10-3m ·min-1,该方法对于现场确定错动带非线性参数有较好的适用性。 相似文献
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C4Z—G-05孔为某铁路高黎贡山隧道工程勘察钻孔,钻孔深度1075．5m。钻探过程中分别在孔深288～400m和611～724m穿过落差大于100m的断裂构造破碎带,并出现涌水及漏水现象,施工难度大,水文地质试验难以进行。据此,采取了合理的施工顺序,并根据钻进时的机械设备及钻进情况及时调控钻进参数;针对不同的地层,选用不同的泥浆类型,从而顺利的完成了该孔钻探工作。在水文地质试验中,对松散层潜水,采取了抽水试验,对两个断裂带,适时的运用观测涌水量和压力水头及涌水试验的方法,并选择适宜的计算公式,较好的完成了该孔的水文地质参数的计算工作．取得了良好的效果。 相似文献
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以珠三角广花盆地城市应急水源地为例,通过野外现场抽水和室内临界水力梯度试验对比,分析了地下水安全开采的控制条件。结果显示:广花盆地的岩溶塌陷是可通过控制水位降深等方法进行防控的,当地下水开采水位降深控制在9 m以内时,可大幅度降低岩溶塌陷概率。该结果可直接作为企业进行地下水安全开采的控制性指标和政府管理部门安全管控的决策性指标。由于地质条件的差异性,在实际开采地下水过程中,不能机械地依赖单一的地下水水位降深控制指标,应根据抽水影响半径以及各地不同的临界水力坡度分地段控制地下水位降深,或者改变开采方式,以达到充分利用地下水资源的目的。建议在实际抽水期间制订突发灾害预案,加强地下水监测工作,实时掌握地下水和其他影响因素变化动态。 相似文献
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针对煤矿井下作业空间小,供电供水能力有限,地面加砂压裂装备无法直接应用于煤矿井下的现状,提出了高压端加砂压裂的技术思路。基于液动冲击混携砂原理,研发了高压端连续水力加砂压裂装备。该装备不需要外部动力源进行混砂,而是通过压裂液流态和流场的变化形成旋流冲击实现混砂和携砂。理论分析、数值模拟和室内仿真试验均表明,该装备在原理上是可行性的,能够有效混砂和携砂。研发的装备整体耐压达到55 MPa,一次可装石英砂750 kg,可实现单个或者多个穿层钻孔的连续加砂压裂。配套设计了三通道并联的煤矿井下高压端连续水力加砂压裂控制系统,该系统通过矿用压风实现开关的开合,与压裂泵的控制系统协同对加砂过程实现远程集中控制,确保加砂过程安全可靠。运用该装备在安徽淮南矿区潘三煤矿进行了5个底板穿层钻孔的现场试验。结果表明:该装备携砂能力较强,仅需开启通道二即可实现有效加砂,最大连续加砂量150 kg,最大注水量316 m3,加砂压裂钻孔瓦斯抽采纯量、百孔瓦斯抽采量分别是清水压裂钻孔的2.38和2.03倍,增透效果明显。研发的装备可应用于煤矿井下高压水射流、水力切割以及水力加砂压裂等领域。 相似文献
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Tatiana Diniz Gonçalves Thomas Fischer Agnes Gräbe Olaf Kolditz Holger Weiss 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(2):617-631
In order to understand the groundwater dynamics and to improve the management of water resources in the Federal District of Brazil, this research proposes a 3D groundwater flow model to represent the groundwater level and flow system. The selected test site was the Pipiripau catchment. The development of the model was based on available geological, hydrogeological, geomorphological, climatological and pedological data. Geological and hydrogeological data were used to generate the 3D groundwater flow model. The 3D mesh elements of the domain were generated through the Groundwater Modeling System software, based on the logs of the well materials. The numerical simulation of the finite element method was implemented in the framework of the scientific software OpenGeoSys. With the 3D mesh-appropriated boundary conditions, annual average infiltration data and hydrogeological parameters were incorporated. Afterwards, the steady-state model was calibrated by the PEST software using available data of the water level from wells. The results showed the distribution of the steady-state hydraulic heads in the model domain, where the highest values occurred in the east and west recharge areas and the lowest values were found in the southwest of the basin. The results of this study can be a used as initial condition for the transient groundwater flow simulation and to provide a scientific basis for water resource management. 相似文献
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针对目前国内煤田勘查主要机具及工艺技术方法存在的主要问题,结合煤田勘查地层地质条件和超千米深孔施工要求,研制了液压立轴式HTJ-2000型钻机和新型绳索取心钻具,并就配套设备选型、钻进工艺、钻进参数、泥浆指标及应用效果进行了阐述.该项技术的应用,已明显提高了钻效,使钻孔深度达到1 350m. 相似文献
19.
韩城矿区碎软煤层发育,煤层透气性差,本煤层钻孔钻进困难,瓦斯抽采效果差。顶板梳状孔水力压裂技术结合了水力压裂技术和定向钻进技术二者的优势,是解决碎软低渗煤层瓦斯抽采难题的有效技术途径。在韩城矿区王峰煤矿3号煤层顶板粉砂岩中施工长钻孔并向煤层开分支,采用套管+封隔器座封的整体压裂方式进行水力压裂工程试验。钻孔总长度344 m,有效压裂长度284 m,累计注水量874.79 m3,最大泵注压力9.4 MPa。试验结束后对钻孔瓦斯抽采相关参数连续监测86 d,钻孔瓦斯抽采体积分数27%~51%,平均42.11%,钻孔瓦斯抽采纯量8.25~21.41 m3/min,平均17.02 m3/min,钻孔累计抽采瓦斯量约210万m3。与常规的穿层钻孔水力冲孔技术相比,该技术百米钻孔瓦斯抽采量提高了11.48倍,初步证明了该技术在碎软煤层瓦斯强化抽采领域的适用性。 相似文献
20.
The compressed air energy storage(CAES) is a much-awaited new system for load leveling power supply. An economical system must be developed, preventing leakage of stored air (with pressures of more than 20 atm) using groundwater pressure surrounding an unlined cavern in hard rock. The air tightness of the rock around the cavern must be confirmed. In this study, the hydrogeology of the test site was examined prior to field air tightness tests in the borehole. The results indicate that, when evaluating the hydrogeology of the test site related to the air tightness of rocks, it is necessary to understand the geological structure and fracture characteristics of the site. This is done by means of a field survey, investigations and tests in and between the boreholes, and the examination of the distribution of permeability and pore water pressures. 相似文献