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1.
Environmental geology of Bath,England 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
G. A. Kellaway 《Environmental Geology》1995,26(3):189-191
The hot springs of Bath, England, have been of importance to man for hundreds of years. It was a famous spa in Roman times. Subsequently, the springs were used during the 17th through the 20th centuries and extensive urban and commercial properties were developed at Bath using the water for medical and tourist-oriented activities. With urban and commercial development in the area, man's impact on the environment was substantial and typical environmental problems included pollution, land subsidence, or stability that effected construction, drainage, highways, and canals. During the growth of Bath in the 18th and 19th centuries these environmental problems were described by geologist William Smith and Joseph Townsend. Bath and vicinity provides a unique example of environmental geoscience. 相似文献
2.
Teija Alenius Matti Saarnisto Jussi‐Pekka Taavitsainen Juha‐Pekka Lunkka 《Geoarchaeology》2011,26(1):142-163
Although the documented history of Dvina Karelia (northern Russian Karelia) does not begin until the second half of the 16th century, individual finds of prehistoric artifacts point to earlier human occupation. The present paleoecological study of the Vuonninen area is the first of its kind concerning prehistoric land use in Dvina Karelia, a large region extending from Finland to the White Sea. It is based on the pollen analysis of sediments from Lake Ylä‐Kuittijärvi near the old Karelian village of Vuonninen. In its general features, the picture of the early stages of cultivation and human activity in the village of Vuonninen is comparable to results from East Finland, the Karelian Isthmus, and the northern shores of Lake Ladoga. The first, minor indications of human influence appear in the sediments of the 4th–6th centuries A.D. in Lake Kuittijärvi. Distinct and unambiguous signs of human activity appear in the pollen record in the 12th century. This is particularly evident in the decreasing proportion of Picea, caused by the clearance of spruce forest. The beginning of cultivation is dated according to Secale pollen to the beginning of the 15th century. Intensive arable farming emerges in the early 19th century in the form of regular occurrences of Secale and Hordeum pollen. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
3.
A reconnaissance geochemical survey of stream drainages within 21,000 km2 of southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico shows broad zones of low-level to moderate contrast anomalies, many associated with mid-Tertiary eruptive centers and Tertiary fault zones. Of these eruptive centers, few are known to contain metallic deposits, and most of those known are minor. This, however, may be more a function of shallow erosion level than an indication of the absence of mineralization, since hydrothermal alteration and Fe-Mn-oxide staining are widespread, and geochemical anomalies are pervasive over a larger part of the region than outcrop observations would predict. Accordingly, interpretations of the geochemical data use considerations of relative erosion levels, and inferred element zonalities, to focus on possible undiscovered deposits in the subsurface of base-, precious-, and rare-metal deposits of plutonic-volcanic association. In order to enhance the identification of specific deep targets, we use the empirically determined ratio: This ratio is based on reported metal contents of nonmagnetic heavy-mineral samples from the drainage sediment, determined by emission spectrographic analysis. Before the ratio was computed for each sample site, the data were normalized to a previously estimated regional threshold value. A regional isopleth map was then prepared, using a cell-averaging computer routine, with contours drawn at the 25th, 50th, 75th, 80th, 90th, 95th and 99th percentiles of the computed data. 相似文献
4.
The Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve (GSDNPP) in the San Luis Valley, Colorado, contains a variety of eolian landforms that reflect Holocene drought variability. The most spectacular is a dune mass banked against the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, which is fronted by an extensive sand sheet with stabilized parabolic dunes. Stratigraphic exposures of parabolic dunes and associated luminescence dating of quartz grains by single-aliquot regeneration (SAR) protocols indicate eolian deposition of unknown magnitude occurred ca. 1290-940, 715 ± 80, 320 ± 30, and 200-120 yr ago and in the 20th century. There are 11 drought intervals inferred from the tree-ring record in the past 1300 yr at GSDNPP potentially associated with dune movement, though only five eolian depositional events are currently recognized in the stratigraphic record. There is evidence for eolian transport associated with dune movement in the 13th century, which may coincide with the “Great Drought”, a 26-yr-long dry interval identified in the tree ring record, and associated with migration of Anasazi people from the Four Corners areas to wetter areas in southern New Mexico. This nascent chronology indicates that the transport of eolian sand across San Luis Valley was episodic in the late Holocene with appreciable dune migration in the 8th, 10-13th, and 19th centuries, which ultimately nourished the dune mass against the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. 相似文献
5.
辽西排山楼金矿床微量元素地球化学特征及深部找矿预测研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为解决危机矿山储量不足的问题,突破深部找矿瓶颈,对辽西排山楼金矿床深部的北东向矿体沿4条井下勘探线（0、6、12和16）,从标高330米到175米7个开采中段采集271件样品,运用相关分析、R型聚类分析和因子分析的方法对每件样品20个微量元素进行了多元统计分析。结果表明,排山楼金矿床最佳前缘晕指示元素组合为As—Sb,近矿晕指示元素组合为Ag—Pb—As—sb—Bi,矿上晕指示元素组合为Au±（Cu—ag）,尾晕指示元素组合为V-Mn—Co—Ti。通过对F1（尾晕）、F2（矿上晕）和F3（头晕）因子得分三维空间分布趋势图的研究,发现金矿体向南西深部侧伏,且延伸进入东西向矿带,表明东西向矿带深部也存在巨大找矿前景。在对已存两矿带正确划分的基础上,评价预测出第三矿带的存在,经勘探验证,预测矿带金矿石储量可观。 相似文献
6.
Bai Huilin Feng Wenkai Yi Xiaoyu Fang Hongyu Wu Yiying Deng Pengcheng Dai Hongchuan Hu Rui 《Natural Hazards》2021,108(3):3181-3201
Natural Hazards - From June 10th to 13th, 2019, a continuous heavy rainfall occurred in Longchuan County, Guangdong Province, causing many landslide hazards. Among Longchuan County districts, Mibei... 相似文献
7.
鄂尔多斯盆地南缘岐山剖面平凉组以碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩混积为特征,根据岩性特征可将平凉组分为七段。其中碎屑岩约占80%,主要分布在平一、三、五、七段;碳酸盐岩约占20%,主要分布在平二、四、六段。研究表明,岐山剖面平凉组属于大陆斜坡环境,是一套多旋回沉积,其中一-二段、三-四段、五-六段分别构成一个海进海退旋回,属于上斜坡-下斜坡交互沉积环境,第七段单独构成一个海进旋回。至唐陵组初期,海水开始退去。 相似文献
8.
From early modern times until the present, Russia (temporarily extended to the USSR) had two capital cities: Moscow and Petersburg. Moscow was the original capital, it was succeeded by Petersburg from the beginning of the 18th century. From the early 20th century onward Moscow again became the capital, but it became a different kind of capital at the end of the 20th century. The paper describes the evolution of the representation of the state function in the appearance of the capital cities by way of the state buildings, the monuments, the street names. In addition it analyses the fate of the former capitals (first Moscow, then Petersburg) in terms of their symbolic functions. Petersburg originated as a capital turned to the outside emphasizing Russia's European vocation, while Moscow was at first the inward looking capital city representing the distinctive spiritual values of Russia. Changes had to do with the changes in the nature of the successive political regimes and with the changing roles of the two cities within those regimes. 相似文献
9.
10.
渤海湾盆地青东凹陷古近纪烃源岩热演化史研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以地震、测井、录井及地球化学资料为基础,本文采用Easy-R o 方法对渤海湾盆地青东凹陷进行了古地温反演,计算
了该地区的古地温梯度,并进一步利用人工取井和盆地模拟方法,确定了沙四上亚段和沙三下亚段烃源岩的成熟度和展布
特征,预测了有利生烃区带的分布。结果表明,青东地区的古地温梯度为3.8℃ /100 m;沙四上亚段烃源岩的成熟度较高,
进入成熟- 高成熟阶段;沙三下亚段的烃源岩成熟度相对较小,为成熟- 低成熟阶段;纵向上,沙四上亚段较沙三上亚段生
烃范围大、烃源岩成熟度高;横向上,主要的生烃区带集中在青东凹陷主体洼陷地区（北部断阶带、北次洼、南次洼、中
次洼）以及青南洼陷,青东凹陷西斜坡地区未进入生烃门限。 相似文献
11.
Antoine Rabatel Vincent Jomelli Philippe Naveau Bernard Francou Delphine Grancher 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2005,337(15):1311-1322
Fluctuations of the Charquini glaciers (Cordillera Real, Bolivia) have been reconstructed for the Little Ice Age (LIA) from a set of 10 moraines extending below the present glacier termini. A lichenometric method using the Rhizocarpon geographicum was used to date the moraines and reconstruct the main glacier fluctuations over the period. The maximum glacier extent occurred in the second half of the 17th century, followed by nearly continuous retreat with three interruptions during the 18th and the 19th centuries, marked by stabilisation or minor advances. Results obtained in the Charquini area are first compared with other dating performed in the Peruvian Cordillera Blanca and then with the fluctuations of documented glaciers in the Northern Hemisphere. Glacier fluctuations along the tropical Andes (Bolivia and Peru) were in phase during the LIA and the solar forcing appears to be important during the period of glacier advance. Compared with the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes, the major advance observed on these glaciers during the first half of the 19th century is not present in the tropical Andes. This discrepancy may be due to regional scale climate variations. To cite this article: A. Rabatel et al., C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005). 相似文献
12.
Although possessing ancient and distinguished histories, the recent urbanization and planning approaches of Madrid, Rome and Athens are relatively unknown to English-speaking planners and urban geographers. This paper reviews the development of each city from the mid-19th century to the present. Special attention is given to the planning instruments developed in each city to guide growth. Each city experienced rapid growth over the past century because of its capital city functions. As a result of strong growth pressures, city planning policies were frequently subverted by private sector interests. Only in the latter part of the 20th century have planning measures become effective in controlling and directing urban growth. 相似文献
13.
Suketi river basin is located in the Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh, India. It encompasses a central inter-montane valley and surrounding mountainous terrain in the Lower Himachal Himalaya. Morphometric analysis of the Suketi river basin was carried out to study its drainage characteristics and overall groundwater resource potential. The entire Suketi river basin has been divided into five sub-basins based on the catchment areas of Suketi trunk stream and its major tributaries. Quantitative assessment of each sub-basin was carried out for its linear, areal, and relief aspects. The analysis reveals that the drainage network of the entire Suketi river basin constitutes a 7th order basin. Out of five sub-basins, Kansa khad sub-basin (KKSB), Gangli khad sub-basin (GKSB) and Ratti khad sub-basin (RKSB) are 5th order sub-basins. The Dadour khad sub-basin (DKSB) is 6th order sub-basin, while Suketi trunk stream sub-basin (STSSB) is a 7th order sub-basin. The entire drainage basin area reflects late youth to early mature stage of development of the fluvial geomorphic cycle, which is dominated by rain and snow fed lower order streams. It has low stream frequency (Fs) and moderate drainage density (Dd) of 2.69 km/km 2. Bifurcation ratios (Rb) of various stream orders indicate that streams up to 3rd order are surging through highly dissected mountainous terrain, which facilitates high overland flow and less recharge into the sub-surface resulting in low groundwater potential in the zones of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd order streams of the Suketi river basin. The circulatory ratio (Rc) of 0.65 and elongation ratio (Re) of 0.80 show elongated nature of the Suketi river basin, while infiltration number (If) of 10.66 indicates dominance of relief features and low groundwater potential in the high altitude mountainous terrain. The asymmetry factor (Af) of Suketi river basin indicates that the palaeo-tectonic tilting, at drainage basin scale, was towards the downstream right side of the drainage basin. The slope map of Suketi river basin has been classified into three main zones, which delineate the runoff zone in the mountains, recharge zone in the transition zone between mountains and valley plane, and discharge zone in the plane areas of Balh valley. 相似文献
14.
Underground coal mines have always had to control the presence of different gases in the mining environment. Among these gases, methane is the most important one, since it is inherent to coal. Despite of the technical developments in recent decades, methane hazards have not yet been fully avoided. This is partly due to the increasing depths of modern mines, where methane emissions are higher, and also to other mining-related circumstances, such as the increase in production rates and its consequences: difficulties in controlling the increasing methane levels, increasing mechanization, the use of explosives and not paying close attention to methane control systems.The main purposes of this paper are to establish site measurements using some critical parameters that are not part of the standard mining-control methods for risk assessment and to analyze the gas behavior of subvertical coal seams in deep mines in order to prevent gas incidents from occurring. The ultimate goal is the improvement in mining conditions and therefore in safety conditions.For this purpose, two different mines were instrumented for mine control and monitoring. Both mines belong to the Riosa–Olloniego coalfield, in the Asturias Central Basin, Spain and the areas instrumented are mined via subhorizontal sublevels at an actual depth of around 1000 m under the overburden of Mount Lusorio.During this research, a property favoring gas outbursts was site measured for the first time in an outburst-prone coal (8th Coalbed), gas pressure and its variations, which contributed to complete the data available from previous characterizations and to set some guidelines for assessing the potential outburst-prone areas. A gas-measurement-tube set has been designed for measuring gas pressure as well as its variation over time as a result of nearby workings and to calculate permeability.The paper establishes the effect of overlapping of works, but it also shows the efficacy of two preventive measures to be applied: high pressure water infusion and the exploitation of a protective coal seam (7th Coalbed), that must be mined preferably two complete sublevels before commencing the advance in the outburst-prone coalbed. Both measures constitute an improvement in the mining sequence and therefore in safety, and should be completed with a systematic measurement to control the risk: gas pressure in the 8th Coalbed in the area of influence of other workings, to establish the most suitable moment to renew the advance. Further researches could focus on ascertaining the permeability, not only in mined areas but also in areas of the mine that are still not affected by mining work and on tuning more finely the ranges of influence of overstress time and overlap distance of the workings of the 7th Coalbed in the 8th Coalbed. 相似文献
15.
John Jenkins 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1992,19(1):A3-A3
International Mineralogical Association 16th General Meeting at Pisa, Italy, September 3–8, 1994 相似文献
16.
P. Chittibabu S. K. Dube J. B. Macnabb T. S. Murty A. D. Rao U. C. Mohanty P. C. Sinha 《Natural Hazards》2004,31(2):455-485
Storm surges generated by the strong tangential wind stressesand normal atmospheric pressure gradients at the sea surface due to tropical cyclones (TC'S)have been studied with the goal of detecting any significant and systematic changes due to climatechange. Cyclone and storm surge data for the 19th and 20th centuries for the Bay of Bengalcoast of the state of Orissa in India are available to varying degrees of quality and detail,the data being more scientific since the advent of the India Meteorological Department in 1875.Based on more precise data for the period 1971 to 2000, statistical projections have been madeon the probable intensities of tropical cyclones for various return periods. The super cyclone ofOctober 29, 1999 (SC1999) appears to have a return period of about 50 years. The cyclones of1831, 1885 and possibly the one in 1895 could have been super cyclones. During the 19th century,there were 72 flooding events associated with cyclones, whereas in the 20th century therewere only 56 events. There was no observational evidence to suggest that there was an increaseeither in the frequency or intensity of cyclones or storm surges on the coast of Orissa. However,the impact of cyclones and surges is on the increase due to increase of population and coastalinfrastructure. 相似文献
17.
Microfossil and sedimentological data from a 3.1 m core extracted from a reservoir (baray) at the ancient Cambodian settlement of Angkor Borei in the Mekong Delta have provided a continuous record of sedimentation and paleoenvironments dating from about 2000 cal yr B.C. Palynological data indicate that for much of the cal. 1st and 2nd millennia B.C. mangroves dominated the regional vegetation, while extensively and regularly burnt grasslands dominated the local vegetation. Turbid, nutrient‐rich standing water characterized the core locality, perhaps suggesting a connection with rivers in the area. An abrupt change during the cal. 5th to 6th centuries A.D. involved a dramatic reduction in grasslands and the expansion of secondary forest or re‐growth taxa. These changes are synchronous with an abrupt decline in the concentration of microscopic charcoal particles in the sediments, and the colonization of the core locality by swamp forest plants. These changes are taken to indicate a shift in land‐use strategies or, possibly, a period of land abandonment. The age for the construction of the baray is interpreted to be in the 17th–19th centuries, but this dating remains speculative. Construction of the Angkor Borei baray exploited a preexisting body of standing water, so its construction was fundamentally different from the methods used at the Angkorian capital in northern Cambodia. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
18.
通过岩心观察、沉积构造、矿物学特征、测井数据对松辽盆地南部永平地区泉四段进行沉积微相的判别,划分为湖泊相和曲流河三角洲相,包含2种亚相和3种微相。借助JF229井区密井网条件进行精细小层对比和砂体拆分,将永平地区泉四段划分为12个小层,按时间关系划分为9期河道,以此为依据研究该区沉积演化过程并总结沉积模式。泉四段早期,全区主要发育较稳定的三角洲前缘沉积。10小层时期伴随有一次短暂的湖侵-湖退,而后迅速恢复三角洲前缘沉积;泉四段末期从4小层开始发生广泛湖侵。结合连井剖面,进一步研究河道性质及演化特征,为追索有利砂体提供依据。 相似文献
19.
川中地区须五段—须六段浅水三角洲沉积特征与模式 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
针对川中地区须五段—须六段,在大量露头观察、岩心描述基础上,结合测井和地震分析,认为研究区为典型的浅水三角洲。根据煤岩产状、砂岩中植物颈干与碎片、河道底部冲刷程度、滞留沉积类型、层理类型等特征将浅水三角洲划分为上三角洲平原、下三角洲平原、三角洲前缘及前三角洲4种亚相。并在此基础上,建立了两种浅水三角洲模式:一种为以须五段为代表的低物源供给浅水三角洲沉积模式;另一种为以须六段为代表的高物源供给浅水辫状河三角洲沉积模式。低物源供给型的下三角洲平原发育的煤是良好烃源岩,高物源供给型的下三角洲平原分流河道及决口沉积为优质储层发育相带,两者匹配,构成良好的生储组合,是岩性油气藏勘探的重点区块。 相似文献