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1.
基于Rio Muni盆地深水区1 400 km2的高分辨率三维地震资料,对第四纪陆坡开展地形、地貌单元的构型、成因及演化研究。主要取得3点结论:①依据海底坡度,研究区海底地形具有东西分带,南北分区的特点。②研究区发育水道（顺直水道和弯曲水道）、滑坡（陆坡滑坡和水道壁滑坡）及海底麻坑（孤立麻坑和条带状麻坑）3类典型地貌单元。上陆坡主要发育顺直水道,弯曲水道带发育在中-下陆坡。弯曲水道主要分布在南北2区,而顺直水道在南中北3区均有发育。水道的弯曲程度与海底坡度、重力流供给密切相关。③条带状海底麻坑主要分布在南北2区,孤立麻坑3区均发育。单一麻坑任意方向的剖面均具有“U”形或“V”形特征,其下方的气烟囱具有振幅增强,同相轴下拉特征。条带状麻坑分布在古水道上方或两侧的海底, 其走向剖面具有脊-槽相间地形特征。古水道和浅层气的逸散是形成条带状海底麻坑的主要因素。 相似文献
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深水水道沉积构型及其演化一直是沉积学界研究的热点。基于Rio Muni盆地深水区470 km2高分辨率三维地震数据,在精细地震解释的基础上,对研究区发育的深水水道的沉积构型、演化进行探讨。主要取得4点认识：(1)深水水道的弯曲度主要受控于物源供给和海底坡度,研究区发育弯曲水道、顺直水道2类深水水道;(2)起源于陆架边缘的深水水道,物源供给相对充分,弯曲度高,其剖面往往不对称,水道壁发育滑塌或阶地,垂向演化具有侧向迁移特征,发育废弃水道;(3)而起源于中上陆坡的深水水道,其弯曲度低,剖面具有U形特征,水道壁光滑无滑塌或阶地, 主要以垂向加积为主。由于物源供给不足,顺直水道逐渐被深海泥质披覆沉积充填;(4)同一条深水水道,由上陆坡向下陆坡,随着海底坡度的降低,其弯曲度呈增大趋势。 相似文献
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Daiani Kochhann Everton Rodolfo Behr Adilson de Chaves Marcia F. Mesko Valderi L. Dressler Erico M. M. Flores Bernardo Baldisserotto 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(4):1727-1733
The water quality of the Vacacaí River was assessed at different sites in the period between winter 2005 and autumn 2006. All samples were analyzed for 52 elements (Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Th, Li, Be, Mg, Al, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Ag, Cd, In, Cs, Ba, Tl, Pb, Bi, U, Na, K, Hg, B, Mo, Sn, Te, Ti), temperature, pH, ammonia, and alkalinity levels. Water from the Vacacaí River ranged from slightly acidic to alkaline. No difference was observed in the chemical composition at different sites of the Vacacaí River. Levels of Ba, Ca, Sr and Mg increase in the dry seasons and reach their highest concentrations in autumn; Be and U decrease in the dry season and reach their highest concentration in spring. Al, Fe, Cr, Ni, Th, U Mn, Ca and Mg are highly positively related, indicating a common origin. Se and Cu are probably from anthropogenic source, from the rice crops of the margins of the river. Waterborne Al and Fe levels were above the desirable level for drinking water at all sites during all seasons. These results demonstrate the need for constant monitoring of water parameters, which is crucial to ensure water quality for the population of this region. 相似文献
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《Gondwana Research》2001,4(3):421-426
The Rio Bonito Formation in southern Paraná basin contains a set of tonsteins interbedded with coal-seams. These tonsteins are composed mainly of kaolinite with zircon, apatite and beta-quartz paramorphs as accessory minerals, and were interpreted as volcanic ashes deposited by ash falls over pits protected by barrier islands in a barrier-lagoon system. A U-Pb dating of zircons in the tonstein A, which furnished an age of 267.1 ± 3.4 Ma (Early Permian) confirming previous age-dates based on palynology and correlating them with one of the main periods of volcanic activity in the Gondwana.The source of the pyroclastic material was attributed to the early Permian Choiyoi magmatic arc in Argentina, developed during the Sanrafaelic orogeny, and with a main peak of volcanic activity between 260 and 272 Ma. 相似文献
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<正>New occurrences of jadeitite,jadeite quartzites,and jadeite-lawsonitequartzites have recently been discovered in the Rio San Juan Complex(RSJC)of the northern Dominican Republic.These rocks are found in serpentinite mélanges associated with a former intra-oceanic 相似文献
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Described half a century ago, the Galiléia tonalite represents a milestone in the discovery of plate margin magmatic arcs in the Araçuaí-Ribeira orogenic system (southeastern Brazil). In the 1990's, analytical studies on the Galiléia tonalite finally revealed the existence of a Late Neoproterozoic calc-alkaline magmatic arc in the Araçuaí orogen. Meanwhile, the name Rio Doce magmatic arc was applied to calc-alkaline plutons found in the Araçuaí-Ribeira boundary. After those pioneer studies, the calc-alkaline plutons showing a pre-collisional volcanic arc signature and age between 630 Ma and 585 Ma have been grouped in the G1 supersuite, corresponding to the Rio Doce arc infrastructure. Here, we revisit the Rio Doce arc with our solid field knowledge of the region and a robust analytical database (277 lithochemical analyses, and 47 U–Pb, 53 Sm–Nd, 25 87Sr/86Sr and 7 Lu–Hf datasets). The G1 supersuite consists of regionally deformed, tonalitic to granodioritic batholiths and stocks, generally rich in melanocratic to mesocratic enclaves and minor gabbroic to dioritic plutons. Gabbroic to dioritic enclaves show evidence of magma mixing processes. The lithochemical and isotopic signatures clearly reveal a volcanic arc formed on a continental margin setting. Melts from a Rhyacian basement form the bulk of the magma produced, whilst gabbroic plutons and enclaves record involvement of mantle magmas in the arc development. Tonalitic stocks (U–Pb age: 618–575 Ma, εNd(t): −5.7 to −7.8, Nd TDM ages: 1.28–1.68 Ga, 87Sr/86Sr(t): 0.7059–0.7118, and εHf(t): −5.2 to −11.7) form the northernmost segment of the Rio Doce arc, which dies out in the ensialic sector of the Araçuaí orogen. At arc eastern and central zones, several batholiths (e.g., Alto Capim, Baixo Guandu, Galiléia, Muniz Freire, São Vítor) record a long-lasting magmatic history (632–580 Ma; εNd(t): −5.6 to −13.3; Nd TDM age: 1.35–1.80 Ga; 87Sr/86Sr(t): 0.7091–0.7123). At arc western border, the magmatic evolution started with gabbro-dioritic and tonalitic plutons (e.g., Chaves pluton, U–Pb age: 599 ± 15 Ma, εNd(t): −4.8 to −6.8, Nd TDM ages: 1.48–1.68 Ga, 87Sr/86Sr(t): 0.7062–0.7068, and εHf(t): −4.3 to −9.7; and Brasilândia pluton, U–Pb age: 581 ± 11 Ma, εNd(t): −8.2 to −10.2, Nd TDM ages: 1.63–1.68 Ga, 87Sr/86Sr(t): 0.7088–0.7112, εHf(t): −12.3 to −14.9), followed by late granodioritic intrusions (e.g., Guarataia pluton, U–Pb age: 576 ± 9 Ma, εNd(t): −12.52 to −13.11, Nd TDM age: 1.74–2.06 Ga, 87Sr/86Sr(t): 0.7104–0.7110, εHf(t): −12.9 to −21.6). The Muriaé batholith (U–Pb age: 620–592 Ma, εNd(t): −8.2 to −13.6, Nd TDM age: 1.41–1.88 Ga) and the Conceição da Boa Vista (586 ± 7 Ma) and Serra do Valentim (605 ± 8 Ma) stocks represent a segment of the Rio Doce arc correlated to the Serra da Bolívia and Marceleza complexes, making the link between the Araçuaí and Ribeira orogenic domains. We suggest three phases of arc development: i) eastward migration of arc front (632–605 Ma), ii) widespread magma production in the whole arc (605–585 Ma), and iii) late plutonism in the western arc region (585–575 Ma). Usual processes of volcanic arc development, like subduction of oceanic lithosphere under a continental margin, followed by asthenosphere ascent related to slab retreating and break-off may explain the Rio Doce arc evolution. 相似文献
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Pleistocene vertebrates from Itaboraí Basin have not been taphonomically studied prior to this work, limiting the understanding of the deposition and preservation of the only Pleistocene vertebrate accumulation known for the state of Rio de Janeiro. In this work, the taphonomic signatures of the Pleistocene vertebrate assemblage of Itaboraí are identified and interpreted in order to increase the knowledge about the formation of this fossil association and the paleoecology of the region of Rio de Janeiro during the late Pleistocene. Our analysis shows that the thanatocoenosis was exposed to the biostratinomic processes during a small time span; that it is parautochthonous; and experienced short transport distances by normal fluvial streams and floods. Subsequently, the fossiliferous horizon was quickly covered by the superjacent soil. Yet, the skeletal elements were fractured and deformed during the sedimentary compaction. The differential preservation of megamammal bones is associated to the bone resistance against those destructive processes and to the specific anatomical features. Comparison between Itaboraí and other Brazilian Pleistocene vertebrate accumulations shows that the Itaboraí fossil accumulation was less affected by taphonomic processes, although it is also a time-averaged fossil concentration. Finally, some of the taphonomic features indicate an arid paleoclimate. 相似文献
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选取受构造活动影响较弱的Rio Muni盆地近现代深水水道为研究样本,分段测量各水道的底床坡度和曲率,并进行相关性分析。研究认为:深水水道底床坡度与曲率呈幂函数关系,水道曲率随着坡度的增大而减小;但不同坡度条件下曲率变化速率表现出明显的差异——一般随坡度的减小,单位坡度变化范围内,曲率的增幅加大。坡度对水道曲率的控制作用主要体现在水道切谷底形和内部充填结构2个方面,其中对后者的影响作用最为显著。但实质上,坡度是通过对水道内部沉积物能量的控制,进而影响了其侵蚀及充填能力,最终使水道平面形态和内部充填结构发生变化。 相似文献
11.
Ag, Pb, Sn and Zn ores have been intensively mined and processed at Cerro Rico de Potosí, Bolivia since 1545. Acid mine drainage
(AMD) and mineral processing plant effluent are prime sources of water contamination in the headwaters of the Upper Rio Pilcomayo
watershed. Streams receiving AMD drainage from the slopes of Cerro Rico and surrounding landscapes were sampled during the
dry (July–August 2006) and wet (March 2007) seasons of one water-year. In-stream waters contained total metal concentrations
of up to 16 mg/L As, 4.9 mg/L Cd, 0.97 mg/L Co, 1,100 mg/L Fe, 110 mg/L Mn, 4.1 mg/L Pb, and 1,500 mg/L Zn with pH ranging
from 2.8 to 9.5. AMD-impacted streams contained elevated concentrations of the same major ecotoxic constituents present in
AMD discharges at concentrations orders of magnitude greater than in those streams unimpacted by AMD. Many of the AMD impacted
water bodies are more degraded than class “D” of the Bolivian receiving water body criteria, rendering them unfit for domestic
or agricultural use. Natural attenuation is insufficient to render waters safe for use, however, some of these waters are
currently being utilized for irrigation and livestock watering. The data indicate that historic and current mining activities
have transformed these key natural resources into potential human and environmental health hazards. 相似文献
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Carolina Bernal Frédéric Christophoul José Darrozes Jean-Claude Soula Patrice Baby José Burgos 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2011,100(7):1759-1782
The geomorphological study by means of remote sensing imagery of the Rio Pastaza Megafan (Ecuador and northern Peru) reveals
the traces of numerous avulsions. One hundred and eight avulsion sites have been defined. The location of these sites, the
available radiocarbon ages as well as historical maps of the seventeenth century, enable us to propose an evolution history
of the migration and avulsions of the Rio Pastaza since the Last Glacial Maximum. The first avulsions of the Río Pastaza occurred
after the LGM in a zone close to and roughly parallel to the sudandean front, where the developed avulsion gave a distributive
pattern to the ancient stream of the Río Pastaza in an area located between the modern Río Morona and Pastaza, where they
caused the Rio Pastaza to develop a fan-like distributary pattern. This is interpreted as a response to thrust-related forelimb
tilt, progressively shifting eastward the Rio Pastaza and the apex of the megafan. This sequence of events ended with the
Great Diversion of the Rio Pastaza towards the modern Rios Corrientes and Tigre. Avulsions occurred in the Tigre-Corrientes
Area between 9200 and 8,500 years Cal BP. Afterwards, the Río Pastaza was diverted to its present-day north–south course.
This last significant avulsion occurred before AD 1691. In the area located between the modern Río Morona and Pastaza, avulsion
frequency—probably overestimated—ranges between 100 and 200 years. In the Ríos Tigre and Corrientes area, avulsion frequency—probably
underestimated—ranges from 300 to 400 years. Regional tectonics is likely to have triggered most of the avulsions in the Morona
Pastaza area but its influence is restricted to this area. The factors controlling the avulsions in the Tigre-Corrientes area
are less clear because the frequently described “hydrologic”-driven avulsion as observed in areas characterized by contrasted
hydrologic cycles are inconsistent with the characteristics of the hydrologic cycles of the Rio Pastaza. 相似文献
13.
S. V. Rasskazov T. A. Yasnygina N. N. Fefelov E. V. Saranina 《Russian Journal of Pacific Geology》2010,4(1):13-40
Geochemical studies of the Middle—Late Cenozoic succession of volcanic rocks from the northern part of the Rio Grande Rift
were conducted. The initial activation of the rift structure was coeval with voluminous eruptions of lava and pyroclastic
material of mainly intermediate and acid compositions in the San Juan volcanic field 35–27 Ma. The composition of the volcanic
products after the rifting was dominated by basic and intermediate lavas. It is shown that the basanites and alkali basalts
of the territory had geochemical characteristics of sublithospheric slab and above–sl ab sources. The processes of the riftogenic
thinning of lithosphere are expressed by geochemical parameters that reflect the interaction between the liquids from the
sublithospheric mantle and the rocks from different levels of both the lithospheric mantle and lower crust. In the 35–18 Ma
interval, melts of different–depth sublithospheric and lithospheric sources erupted simultaneously in the northern part of
the rift. However, the products of interaction between the sublithospheric and lithospheric materials dominated later in the
past 15 Ma, although the sublithospheric magmatic liquids erupted at the northern structural termination of the rift within
the Yampa volcanic field at about 10 Ma. 相似文献
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We produce factor of safety (FOS) and slope failure susceptibility index (SFSI) maps for a 4.4-km2 study area in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in order to explore the sensitivity of the geotechnical and geohydraulic parameterization on the model outcomes. Thereby, we consider parameter spaces instead of combinations of discrete values. SFSI is defined as the fraction of tested parameter combinations within a given space yielding FOS <1. We repeat our physically based calculations for various parameter spaces, employing the infinite slope stability model and the sliding surface model of the software r.slope.stability for testing the geotechnical parameters and the Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-Based Regional Slope-Stability Model (TRIGRS) for testing the geohydraulic parameters. Whilst the results vary considerably in terms of their conservativeness, the ability to reproduce the spatial patterns of the observed landslide release areas is relatively insensitive to the variation of the parameterization as long as there is sufficient pattern in the results. We conclude that landslide susceptibility maps yielded by catchment-scale physically based models should not be interpreted in absolute terms and suggest that efforts to develop better strategies for dealing with the uncertainties in the spatial variation of the key parameters should be given priority in future slope stability modelling efforts. 相似文献
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The Archean granites exposed in the Mesorchean Rio Maria granite-greenstone terrane (RMGGT), southeastern Amazonian craton can be divided into three groups on the basis of petrographic and geochemical data. (1) Potassic leucogranites (Xinguara and Mata Surrão granites), composed dominantly of biotite monzogranites that have high SiO2, K2O, and Rb contents and show fractionated REE patterns with moderate to pronounced negative Eu anomalies. These granites share many features with the low-Ca granite group of the Yilgarn craton and CA2-type of Archean calc-alkaline granites. These granites result from the partial melting of rocks similar to the older TTG of the RMGGT. (2) Leucogranodiorite-granite group (Guarantã suite, Grotão granodiorite, and similar rocks), which is composed of Ba- and Sr-rich rocks which display fractionated REE patterns without significant Eu anomalies and show geochemical affinity with the high-Ca granite group or Transitional TTG of the Yilgarn craton and the CA1-type of Archean calc-alkaline granites. These rocks appear to have been originated from mixing between a Ba- and Sr-enriched granite magma and trondhjemitic liquids or alternatively product of interaction between fluids enriched in K, Sr, and Ba, derived from a metasomatized mantle with older TTG rocks. (3) Amphibole-biotite monzogranites (Rancho de Deus granite) associated with sanukitoid suites. These granites were probably generated by fractional crystallization and differentiation of sanukitoid magmas enriched in Ba and Sr.The emplacement of the granites of the RMGGT occurred during the Mesoarchean (2.87–2.86 Ga). They are approximately coeval with the sanukitoid suites (∼2.87 Ga) and post-dated the main timing of TTG suites formation (2.98–2.92 Ga). The crust of Rio Maria was probably still quite warm at the time when the granite magmas were produced. In these conditions, the underplating in the lower crust of large volumes of sanukitoid magmas may have also contributed with heat inducing the partial melting of crustal protoliths and opening the possibility of complex interactions between different kinds of magmas. 相似文献
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W. H. J. Strosnider F. S. Llanos López J. A. LaBar K. J. Palmer R. W. Nairn 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(7):3223-3234
Intensive mining and processing of the polymetallic sulfide ore body of Cerro Rico de Potosí (Bolivia) has occurred since 1545, leading to severe degradation of surface and subsurface waters, stream sediments, and soils at the headwaters of the economically vital, yet highly impacted, Rio Pilcomayo. Previous studies have documented extremely elevated concentrations of a limited suite of metals in local waterways from acid mine drainage (AMD), terrestrial and in-stream tailings, and ore processing plant discharges. However, contamination from a wider variety of ecotoxic metals/metalloids was considered likely due to the highly mineralized polymetallic nature of the ore body. To screen for this broader range of ecotoxic elements in AMD and receiving streams, data were gathered during two sampling events timed for the most extreme periods of the dry and wet seasons of one water-year. Concentrations of Ag, B, Ba, Mo, Sb, Se, Sn and V in AMD and receiving streams were greater than Bolivian discharge limits and receiving water body guidelines as well as international agricultural use standards. Locally, results indicate that contamination from mining Cerro Rico has a larger scope than previously thought and underscore the importance of remediation. Globally, the results raise the possibility that other mining regions could have unquantified hazards from overlooked ecotoxic elements and that screening for a broader range of contaminants may be warranted. 相似文献
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GeoJournal - This paper presents a comparative study of the Waze avoid areas (WADA) feature in Jerusalem, Rio de Janeiro, and the US. I argue that, through comparative approaches, geographers can... 相似文献
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Iran Carlos Stalliviere Corrêa 《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(4):161-169
ResumeCe travail présente les processus qui ont contribué à la distribution des sédiments superficiels de la plateforme continentale du Rio Grande do Sul-Brésil. Cette plateforme est recouverte par quatre populations granulométriques : sable très grossier à moyen, sable fin à très fin, silt et argile. Un régime sédimentaire terrigène prédomine sur la plate-forme et le talus continental de la région étudiée, avec la présence considérable de sédiments reliques et palimpsestes. Les sédiments modernes sont restreints et liés à l’influence du fleuve de la Plata et de la lagune des Patos. La présence de sédiments grossiers au bord externe de la plate-forme continentale peut être expliquée par la conjonction de l’effet de seuil et des ondes internes qui ne permettent pas, dans les régions Nord et Sud, le dépôt de sédiments fins sur les sédiments plus grossiers. Dans la région centrale, ces effets sont réduits par la structure morphologique dénommée « Cône du Rio Grande », ce qui explique la présence de sédiments fins dans cette zone. 相似文献
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Moreno Wilmer Emilio García Soares Gabriela Borges Pires Júlio César Gall Sotelo Daniela Govoni Moura Cássio Stein 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2021,39(6):4593-4613
Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - A large part of the Guarani Aquifer is located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) and additionally possesses a recharge area located in its central... 相似文献