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1.
An overview is given of the scientific and organizational outcomes reached at the 30th General Assembly of the International Astronomical Union, held on August 20–31, 2018, in Vienna, Austria.
相似文献2.
We think about the History of Astronomy as the History of men. As the History of a few men: Ptolemy, Copernicus, Kepler, Newton,...-
men who have changed our way of looking at the sky. But the History of Astronomy is more than that, it is the History of thousand
of people whose daily work has allowed the development of knowledge and scientific theories at the time they lived. This,
sometimes, "tedious work" permitted the big steps. Many of these people were women, as Theano who married Pythagoras and taught
mathematics and astronomy in his school, Hypatia who managed the Library of Alexandria and wrote several astronomical treatises,
Hildegard of Bingen who developed a theory on the origin and structure of the Universe in the 12th century, or Sofie Brahe who, worked with her famous brother. And so many privileged women who after a long process of study,
were able to develop their scientific interests in spite of been excluded from most of the educational installations and formal
and informal groups of men scientist. Most of the works done by these women have been ignored, or wrongly attributed to men
throughout History. It often happens that although they have been recognized as good scientists in their own times, women
have been discredited by posterior historians who refused to believe that important women scientist ever existed. Here we
intend to make a short summary on the lives of some of these women and their astronomical works.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
《大统通占》是明初钦天监编纂的占书,其中保存了一些明初恒星观测数据.试图以此重新考察明初的恒星观测情况.首先,分析了该书的成书年代,指出其应完成于永乐四年至二十三年之间.然后,以依巴谷星表(2007)为标准,对该书记载恒星数据的赤纬误差进行傅里叶分析,发现这些数据应观测于洪武年间,且其精度达到明末以前星表的最高水平.另外,梳理了明初钦天监观测恒星的条件,认为其观测水平的提高与郭守敬对仪器的改进措施密切相关.最后,对这份精密星表的研究也进一步揭示了古代星官发生的历史变化. 相似文献
4.
Julio Iglesias de Ussel Antonio Trinidad Diego RuIz Eduardo Battaner Antonio J. Delgado José M. Rodriguez-Espinosa Eduard Salvador-Solé José M. Torrelles 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1997,257(2):237-248
In this paper the main findings are presented of a recent study made by a team of sociologists from the University of Granada
on the professional astronomers currently working in Spain. Despite the peculiarities of this group – its youth, twentyfold
increase in size over the last 20 years, and extremely high rate of specialization abroad – in comparison with other Spanish
professionals, this is the first time that the sociological characteristics of the group have been studied discretely. The
most significant results of the study are presented in the following sections. Section 1 gives a brief historical background
of the development of Astronomy in Spain. Section 2 analyzes the socio-demographic profile of Spanish Astronomy professionals
(sex, age, marital status, etc.). Sections 3–5 are devoted to the college education and study programs followed by Spanish
astronomers, focusing on the features and evaluations of the training received, and pre- and postdoctoral study trips made
to research centers abroad. The results for the latter clearly show the importance that Spanish astronomers place on having
experience abroad. Special attention is paid to scientific papers published as a result of joint research projects carried
out with colleagues from centers abroad as a result of these study trips. Section 6 describes the situation of Astronomy professionals
within the Spanish job market, the different positions available and the time taken to find a job after graduation. Section
7 examines Astronomy as a discipline in Spain, including the astronomers' own opinions of the social status of the discipline
within Spanish society. Particular attention is paid to how Spanish astronomers view the status of Astronomy in Spain in comparison
with that of other European countries.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
This issue of AN contains the proceedings of the Special Colloquium “European Astronomy in the 20th Century”, which formed part of the JENAM (2001) conference in Munich, Germany. Subjects covered are the history of γ‐ray and radio astronomy, extragalactic research and compact objects, new media, southern observatories and ESO, as well as some archaeoastronomical questions. Some biographic sketches of individual European astronomers are also given. 相似文献
6.
7.
Xavier Leyre Michel Sghedoni Francis Arbusti Primo Attina Peter von Ballmoos 《Experimental Astronomy》2005,20(1-3):455-464
Until recently, focusing of gamma-radiation was regarded as an impracticable task. Today, gamma-ray lenses have become feasible and present promising perspectives for future instrumentation. For the first time in high energy astronomy the signal/noise ratio will be dramatically improved as gamma-rays are collected on the large area of a lens from where they are focused onto a small detector. Besides an unprecedented sensitivity, MAX will feature very high angular and energy resolution. The conjunction of this new technique of Gamma Ray focusing and the new possibilities brought by the developping formation flying technology will allow a great step for Gamma Astronomy. This paper will describe after a short recall of the scientific objectives of MAX, the design of the MAX formation flying concept and the associated main design drivers and constraint. 相似文献
8.
9.
Yu. D. Medvedev Yu. S. Bondarenko D. E. Vavilov V. A. Shor 《Kinematics and Physics of Celestial Bodies》2016,32(5):223-226
The most relevant tasks associated with the problem of asteroid–comet hazard are discussed. A review is given of the respective research at the Institute of Applied Astronomy. The institute is currently implementing a project to create an information center whose tasks include the collection and processing of optical and radar observations of small solar system bodies, determination of their orbits, and assessment of the impact hazard of the newly discovered small bodies with respect to the earth, moon, and the other major planets and their satellites. 相似文献
10.
《Icarus》1975,26(3):377-385
In March 1974 the Board of the Scientific Council on the Radio Astronomy Problem Area, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, considered and approved a Research Program on the Problem of Communication with Extraterrestrial Civilizations. The Program was developed by the Search for Cosmic Signals of Artificial Origin section of the Council on Radio Astronomy, on the basis of recommendations made at the Soviet National Conference on the Problem of Comunication with Extraterrestrial Civilizations held at the Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory in Armenia in May 1964, and the Soviet-American CETI conference held at Byurakan in September 1971. The projected program was reported to the 7th Soviet National Conference on Radio Astronomy, which convened at Gor'kii in 1972. 相似文献
11.
J.M. Torrelles A. Alberdi A. Rius J.M. Paredes X. Barcons F. Briones J. Cepa J. Vilchez C. Eiroa J.M. Marcaide J.M. Mas 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1998,263(1-4):381-388
The Spanish participation as an Associate Member in the Millimeter Array (MMA) project - led by the U.S. National Radio Astronomy
Observatory (NRAO) - has been recently proposed to the Spanish Science and Technology Bureau (OCYT). This request to the Spanish
Government is based on two key factors: (1) The high scientific interest and support of the Spanish scientific community,
for whom major new fields of research--inaccessible with other instruments--will become available. (2) An industrial return
that will clearly benefit Spanish companies developing cutting-edge technology and providing them with a high international
profile.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
Jayant V.Narlikar 《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2015,(1):1-14
Beginning with his student days at school and college, the author describes his training at Cambridge with special emphasis on his mentor Fred Hoyle. His early experience of participating in a controversy at Cambridge played a major role in giving him the confidence to defend his scientific ideas. All through his later life he chose areas that were not part of mainstream research. These included the steady state theory and later the quasi steady state cosmology, action at a distance, noncosmological redshifts, quantum conformal cosmology, etc. After being a founding member of the Institute of Theoretical Astronomy(IOTA) at Cambridge, the author joined the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research(TIFR) in Mumbai and later moved to Pune to set up the Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics(IUCAA). He briefly reviews his own work and ends by pointing out the difficulties a non-conformist scientist faces in his professional life. In the conclusion, he mentions his interests in science popularization and science fiction for which he has won awards and appreciation, including UNESCO’s Kalinga Prize. 相似文献
13.
A. Schnell 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2009,330(6):552-554
Moritz (Maurice) Loewy was born in Vienna, studied in Vienna and emigrated to France because he was a Jew and could not get a position in Vienna. In Paris he became director of the observatory. Our investigation removes the ambiguity on Maurice Loewy's birthplace, and we conclude that he was born in Vienna in 1833 (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
14.
元素丰度与星系演化(Stellar Abundance and Galactic Evolution,SAGE)是自主设计的能够准确计算恒星大气参数以及消光的新测光系统。对北天除银盘外共计约12 000 deg2的天区开展了SAGE系统测光巡天,计划获取约5亿颗恒星的高精度测光数据。单次曝光条件下100σ完备星等uSC～17. 3,vSAGE～16. 8(AB星等),这些为研究银河系提供宝贵的测光资料。介绍了巡天专用的数据处理程序的研究和开发,主要研究了针对单幅图像的快速自动化处理过程,重点介绍数据改正、天体测量校正、测光和流量定标过程,以及数据结果和数据质量检测等。 相似文献
15.
Srinivasan G. Bhattacharya D. Dwarakanath K. S. 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》1984,5(4):403-423
We conclude that pulsar-driven supernova remnants (SNRs) are extremely rare objects. Indeed an analysis of the known sample
of plerions suggests a very low birthrate ∼ 1 in 240 years. Long-lived and bright plerions like the Crab nebula are likely
to be produced only when the pulsar has an initial period ∼ 10–20 milliseconds and a field ∼ 1012 G. Such pulsars inside rapidly expanding shell remnants should also produce detectable plerions. The extreme rarity of SNRs
with such hybrid morphology leads us to conclude that these pulsars must have been born with an initial period larger than
∼ 35–70 milliseconds.
Joint Astronomy Program, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012. 相似文献
16.
C. Catala T. Böhm J. -F. Donati T. Simon A. Welty E. Houdebine L. Huang S. Jiang D. Zhai J. Neff B. H. Foing K. Ghosh J. Butler A. Collier-Cameron J. Baudrand J. Czarny B. Carter D. Rees M. Semel G. Cutispoto M. Rodonò 《Solar physics》1994,155(1):185-193
MUSICOS (for MUlti-SIte COntinuous Spectroscopy) is an international project to facilitate and organize world-wide multi-site campaigns in high resolution spectroscopy, in view of obtaining a complete time coverage of various types of variable stellar phenomena.In the framework of this project a vast spectroscopic campaign was organized in December 1992, involving 8 sites well distributed in longitude around the Earth. The observations concerned three scientific programs, among which was the study of azimuthal structures in the wind and chromosphere of the pre-Main-Sequence Herbig Ae star AB Aur.The Hei 5876 line of AB Aur, which is formed in the expanding chromosphere of this star, in the innermost parts of its wind, was monitored at a resolution of 30000, nearly continuously for about 4 days. A spectacular variability of this line was discovered, the profile changing from pure emission to a composite profile including a deep absorption component in the course of a few hours. This variability can be the signature of azimuthal structures in the wind of AB Aur.We present the data collected during the campaign, and discuss possible interpretations of the spectacular variations of the Hei 5876 line.ESA/VILSPAUniversity of British Columbia CanadaBased on observations obtained during the MUSICOS 92 MUlti-SIte COntinuous Spectroscopic campaign from the National Solar Observatory McMath/Pierce 1.5 m, University of Hawaii 2.2 m, Beijing Observatory Xinglong 2.16 m, La Palma 4.2 m William Herschel Telescope, and Observatoire de Haute-Provence 1.52 m telescopes.Presented at the Cosmic Winds and the Heliosphere Conference in Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A., October 18–22, 1993.Visiting Astronomer, Kitt Peak National Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatories, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.Visiting Astronomer National Solar Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatories, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. 相似文献
17.
Alessandro Marconi Roberto Maiolino Romain G. Petrov 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2003,286(1-2):245-254
Interferometry in the optical and near infrared has so far played a marginal role in Extragalactic Astronomy. Active Galactic
Nuclei are the brightest and most compact extragalactic sources, nonetheless only a very limited number could be studied with
speckle interferometry and none with long baseline interferometry. The VLTI will allow the study of moderately faint extragalactic
objects with very high spatial resolution thus opening a new window on the universe. With this paper we focus on three scientific
cases to show how AMBER and MIDI can be used to tackle open issues in extragalactic astronomy.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
18.
Fodde Iosto Feng Jinglang Vasile Massimiliano 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2022,134(5):1-22
Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy - Ballistic capture orbits offer safer Mars injection at longer transfer time. However, the search for such an extremely rare event is a computationally... 相似文献
19.
This article is devoted to the Pulkovo astronomer, Prof. Aleksandr Nikolaevich Deich (Deutsch) (1899-1986), on the 110-th
anniversary of his birth. Deich is known as the founder of the Pulkovo program for observing stars with invisible companions,
as well as for his research on the star 61 Cyg, which was suspected, in his time, of having invisible companions with the
masses of planets. Astrometric observations on the long focus astrograph and searches for exoplanets of nearby stars are reviewed.
Modern methods of searching for exoplanets are summarized briefly. Instrument designs proposed by astronomers at Kharkiv (Scientific
Research Institute of Astronomy at Kharkiv National University, NIIA KhNU) and Kazan (Institute of Astronomy, Kazan State
University, AO KGU) for use in the search for low-mass dark components of stars are discussed. Examples are given of confirmations
of invisible companions of stars which were first discovered by observation. A number of theoretical results on this topic
from Kharkiv National University (Scientific Research Institute of Astronomy at Kharkiv and the Dept. of Astronomy) are noted. 相似文献
20.
Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy - Quasi-satellite orbits (QSOs) are considered by JAXA’s MMX mission, in which CNES is involved, for the scientific observation of the Martian moon... 相似文献