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1.
基于现代黄河水下三角洲浅地层剖面资料和GYDY钻孔的岩性、磁性、地层年代与古生物数据,将研究区26.2m以浅地层自上而下划分为6个沉积单元,分别对应DU 1～6.在高分辨率粒度测试的基础上,根据沉积物粒径组分、粒度参数、粒度资料图解和结构散点图等分析手段,分析了各沉积单元的粒度分布规律及对应的动力沉积环境,并探讨了研究区晚更新世末期(约36.2cal.ka B.P.)以来的动力环境演化.结果表明:DU 6沉积单元为献县海侵层,形成于浅海陆架沉积环境,水动力环境强度弱,沉积作用以静水悬浮沉积为主;DU5沉积单元形成于末次盛冰期,动力强度大,动力环境变化复杂,粒度图解显示其整段或局部可能接收风营力改造,接受风成沉积物补给的可能性较大;DU4沉积单元冰后期约13.3～ 8.5ka B.P.,为河口沉积层,以中等到弱沉积动力为主,动力环境变化复杂;DU3沉积单元为狭义黄骅海侵层,形成于受多种营力作用的滨海环境,沉积环境较稳定;DU 1和DU 2沉积单元属现代黄河三角洲沉积层,形成于较弱到中等动力强度三角洲环境,其中DU 2沉积单元可能受到黄河1855年铜瓦厢改道入渤初期尾闾大幅度摆动的影响,粒度特征变化复杂.各沉积单元的粒度特征的变化规律与海侵-海退层序基本一致,是冰期-间冰期旋回海陆变迁过程中多营力共同作用的结果.研究区古气候变化仅在本区暴露于陆的末次盛冰期与冰后期早期对相应沉积单元粒度分布有一定影响. 相似文献
2.
三都矿区出炭垅组和杨梅垅组含丰富的煤炭,而唐垅组不含煤,这是因为前者为陆相河流环境,后者为河口湾环境。河口湾沉积在垂直相序中处于下部陆相河流向上部海相的过渡带中;岩性为成分成熟度和结构成熟度均高的石英净砂岩;下部含植物化石,中部含大量垂直和倾斜的虫管,上部含较多的海相化石。粒度分布、微量元素及砂体形态特征下部为河流沉积,中上部为河口湾沉积。这一海侵的时期为早侏罗世,海侵方向为由西南向东北。 相似文献
3.
对黄河三角洲ZK1孔粒度、岩性、微体古生物组合和14C年代进行了分析,探讨了研究区晚第四纪以来的沉积层序演化历史及其古环境意义。黄河三角洲的ZK1孔共发育三个海侵层,自下而上为深海氧同位素3期（MIS3）的第Ⅲ海侵层和第Ⅱ海侵层以及氧同位素1期（MIS1）的第Ⅰ海侵层,指示自氧同位素4期（MIS4）以来研究区共发生三次主要海平面波动。这三次海平面波动分别对应于渤海海侵、献县海侵和黄骅海侵。根据沉积记录信息,ZK1孔可分辨第Ⅰ海侵层的河口三角洲相（5.63~14.04 m）和滨岸浅海相（14.04~20.62 m）,第Ⅱ海侵层的滨岸浅海相（39.52~49.57 m）和河口三角洲相（49.57~ 51.52 m）,第Ⅲ海侵层的滨岸浅海相（76.00~83.63 m）和潮滩相（83.63~92.70 m）,均以特征的微体古生物组合和沉积相为标志。结合前人研究,阐明了本区自晚第四纪以来的海平面变化及沉积环境演变历史。 相似文献
4.
渤海湾西岸细砂质潮间带的成因分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
根据在海河口南缘至独流减河岸段潮间带地区采集的36个表层和1个无扰动柱状沉积物样品的粒度分析结果,探讨了该岸段的粒度分布特征.结果表明:平面上(自南向北),该潮间带表层沉积物由粉砂质砂变为细砂,呈逐渐变粗、分选性变好的趋势;垂向上,潮间带表层45 cm以下主要为粉砂质砂和粘土质粉砂的互层沉积,向上,渐变为细砂或极细砂,显示向上变粗、分选性变好的趋势.这一向北、向上变粗、分选变好的总趋势,是近半个世纪以来因海河防潮闸的修建而使河流泥砂输运能力降低、近岸海洋影响增强的海河三角洲退化的现代过程的反映. 相似文献
5.
渤海湾西岸BQ1孔揭示的沉积环境与海面波动 总被引：8，自引：8，他引：8
渤海湾西岸BQ1孔位于歧口凹陷区内,孔深95.6 m,揭露了晚更新世以来比较连续的沉积.通过对109个样品鉴定和环境分析,共分辨出Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三个海相层及其内部的海面波动.每个海相层内均有前后2次海侵高峰和中间的海退.在全新世海侵层中共区分出9次海面波动,分辨率达500～800a级;第Ⅲ海相层存在5次海面波动,与深海O同位素的5a、5c、5e分期的峰值大体对应.在海相层中,海陆过渡相层位占较大比例,其中的石膏结晶和黄铁矿晶簇是该相的重要指相矿物.所见的Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ海相层皆为平均海平面下数米的浅海沉积. 相似文献
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珠江口盆地下中新早期的水下潮汐三角洲 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
珠江口盆地第一次大规模海侵,发生在晚渐新世末期的陆架沉降过程中,使长期处于封闭状态的陆相断陷湖盆,逐渐向半封闭的海盆转化.由于盆地与广海之间的通道较狭窄,造成了半封闭浅海内较强烈的潮汐作用,潮汐砂体十分发育,其中下中新统沉积早期(下珠江组)的水下潮汐三角洲砂体是在盆地水域不断扩大背景下.在涨潮流与退潮流的频繁作用下,于潮汐通道附近的三角区域内建造起来的.水下潮汐三角洲主要由潮汐砂坝(砂脊)构造,为多套向上变粗的韵律层,其结构、构造有别于河砂和海滩砂.本文论述了水下潮汐三角洲发生、发展与消亡的兴衰史,并对其沉积特征进行了描述. 相似文献
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受晚更新世以来海侵影响,渤海西南内陆第四系浅层经历了复杂的海陆交替演化。利用4口钻孔取芯井和88口静力触探井资料,采用现代测试技术和地层对比的方法对渤海西南内陆广饶地区第四系浅层进行沉积学综合研究。广饶地区地表以下30 m内,南部以风成黄土沉积为主,北部自上而下发育两期海相层,在研究区称为第一、第二海侵层,分别是10~4 ka B.P.的黄骅海侵层和40~28 ka B.P.的献县海侵层。黄土沉积于晚更新世玉木冰期,在研究区南部以17 m为界划分为大站组和羊栏河组(未见底)。晚更新世以来发生两期海侵事件(黄骅海侵、献县海侵),在海侵范围最大时到达广饶地区,先后对冰期沉积黄土层侵蚀改造,形成了“上超型海蚀黄土”的海侵演化模式。根据海侵与黄土沉积演化所对应的古气候变迁,将研究区晚更新世以来气候演变划分为6个期次:干冷期、温暖湿润期、干冷偏凉期、温暖期、潮湿湿润期和现代气候期,对应不同的沉积演化特征。 相似文献
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老挝中部沙湾拿吉盆地晚白垩世钾盐蒸发岩:非海相输入的地球化学证据 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
老挝中部沙湾拿吉盆地上白垩统农波组钾盐蒸发岩是研究区域成矿卤水演化的重要材料。盐类矿物中微量元素的含量及其变化特征共同揭示了成盐物质应该主要来自海水,但深部水的补给也具有重要作用。研究结果表明,所谓的含盐系"基底"硬石膏只是水-岩作用下下盐层底部溶滤后的残余物。光卤石中偏负的δD、δ18O值及Br的海相特征则指示了该矿物是浓缩海水混合大气水后蒸发的产物,陆相水对成矿卤水演化过程产生了一定影响。农波组下盐层蒸发岩可分为3个不同的演化阶段。(1)海相输入阶段:海水进入成盐盆地,石盐大量沉积,海侵作用早期具有明显的波动性而后期较稳定;该阶段末期发生了海相输入向陆相输入的转变,陆相输入在水文封闭和收缩的成盐盆地中逐渐占据主导地位,卤水组分因深部水输入而发生变化。(2)非海相输入及混合卤水蒸发阶段:混合卤水蒸发形成钾盐,光卤石沉积过程中发生了一次轻微的卤水淡化事件。(3)沉积后改造阶段:已沉积的光卤石岩在陆相水淋滤作用下转变为钾石盐岩,钾石盐是光卤石被交代后的次生矿物。系统的微量元素和氢氧同位素分析表明,非海相输入在成矿卤水演化及沉积后的改造过程中扮演了重要角色。 相似文献
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蒸发岩中硫同位素的地球化学特征及其沉积学意义——以思茅盆地MZK- 3井为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
思茅盆地目前是中国唯一的含古代固体钾盐矿床的沉积盆地,其钾盐形成时代、物源特征、海侵方向等多年来一直存在争议。本文依据海相硬石膏的形成条件、存在形式、同位素分馏机理,重点分析了盆地内MZK-3井蒸发岩硫同位素的地球化学特征。结果表明:①岩盐中的硬石膏在蒸发盆地析岩盐阶段即可形成,单独成层的硬石膏是由原始沉积的石膏经历了沉积埋藏升温进而脱水而成;②岩盐中硬石膏的硫同位素值具有"双峰"特征,分别为14‰～16‰和8‰～10‰或6‰～8‰,这体现了硫酸盐的双重来源——原始海水中的硫酸盐和陆源淡水输入的硫酸盐或火山活动提供的硫源;③硬石膏层的硫同位素在区域上具有对比性,结合~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值的特征,认为其代表了海相的沉积环境;④硬石膏层的硫同位素值平面上由南向北降低,可能反映了在此方向陆源淡水或火山活动对蒸发岩盆地的影响逐渐增强,进而说明这可能也是海侵的方向。可见对硬石膏硫同位素的研究,不仅在沉积学上能揭示物源、沉积环境、海侵方向等信息,更能对研究区钾盐矿床勘查提供有益的参考。 相似文献
10.
风沙与河流地貌过程的交互作用是半干旱环境典型的地表过程。位于半干旱区的黄河兰州至银川段,现代风沙与河流沉积过程相互影响剧烈,而该区域地质历史时期风沙与河流交互过程的沉积记录还鲜有报道。文章对该区域黄河二级河流阶地堆积序列(河道砾石-具水平层理砂层-沙丘砂-条带状粉砂)进行了详细的沉积学分析。结果表明,流水作用形成的水平砂层之上覆盖的厚2~3.8 m的沙丘,由成分均匀的极细砂和粗粉砂组成;发育块状结构,而未见流水沉积结构;为典型风成沙丘。其上覆盖的粉砂层,粒度组成与该地区砂质黄土有相似性,以粗粉砂颗粒为主;但其还含有少量的粘土和极细砂组分,分选差,且发育薄层条带状纹层(层厚约5~10 cm);为河漫滩环境下主要为风尘输入的颗粒在静水条件下沉降形成的河漫滩相沉积。风成沙丘的众数粒度值略小于下伏水平状河流砂众数粒度,而粗颗粒组分和细颗粒组分含量都略小于下伏河流砂,表明风成沙丘可能是由风力分选、搬运下伏河流砂,就地堆积形成。风成沙丘与下伏河流砂的主量元素组成基本一致,而与该区域物质来源于较大范围的风成砂黄土主量元素的组成相差较远,也表明该阶地堆积序列中发育的风成沙丘物质来源于局地下伏的河流砂层。光释光年代测试的结果表明,风成沙丘堆积于距今约21~16 ka期间,而上覆河漫滩堆积于距今约14~13 ka期间。末次盛冰期,干旱气候和强劲的冬季风导致早期河漫滩上发育风成沙丘,而随后的冰消期夏季风的加强和相对暖湿的气候,使得末次盛冰期形成的沙丘被河漫滩沉积覆盖。该区域黄河二级阶地由辫状河砾石(夹砂透镜体)-河漫滩砂-风成沙丘-河漫滩粉砂构成的沉积序列是该区域末次盛冰期以来风沙与河流交互作用形成的良好记录,反应了半干旱地区地表过程(风沙和河流交互)对气候环境变化的响应。 相似文献
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渤海东部发育了典型的潮流沉积,由老铁山水道冲刷槽、辽东浅滩沙脊和渤中浅滩沙席组成。该文基于中国海洋地
质调查最新获取的高分辨率单道地震数据,与水深变化进行对比,将该区的潮流沉积特征与其地震相特征进行精细分析,
同时结合晚第四纪CD5孔的岩性、14C测年和层序地层划分,识别出晚更新世以来的四期层序地层,分别是MIS4以细砂为
主的陆相地层、MIS3以粉砂和黏土为主的滨浅海相沉积地层、MIS2末次盛冰期形成的以粉砂质粘土和细砂质粉砂为主的陆
相沉积地层和全新世（MIS1） 发育的以粉砂质黏土和细砂组成的海相沉积地层。其中全新世地层分别由早期的滨海相沉
积、中期的浅海沉积和晚期的潮流沉积组成。通过这四期层序的研究,揭示了该区MIS4期以来的沉积环境演化。 相似文献
12.
山西应县护驾岗冲沟阶地地层形成于66.46～33.62 ka,根据该剖面地层的粒度分布特征对该地区冲沟阶地的沉积环境进行了探讨。护驾岗冲沟阶地剖面的粒度分布特征显示:(1)剖面地层总体表现为自下而上由粗到细的正韵律沉积特征,结合野外观察将其分为4段(A—D段);(2)A段粒度分布特征变化不大,均以细砂为主,频率曲线为不对称单峰,概率累积曲线为2段式,以跃移搬运为主,分选相对较好,水动力较强,沉积环境稳定;(3)B—C段粒度分布特征变化较大,以粉砂和细砂为主,频率曲线为不对称双峰,概率累积曲线为2段式,以跃移搬运为主,分选较差,水动力较强,沉积环境不稳定;(4)D段粒度分布特征变化不大,以粉砂为主,频率曲线为不对称单峰,概率累积曲线为2段式,以悬移搬运为主,分选相对较好,水动力较弱,沉积环境稳定。总体来说,冲沟阶地形成于河流沉积环境,顶部为河漫滩沉积环境。粒度分布特征与古里雅冰芯氧同位素变化基本一致,因此护驾岗冲沟阶地粒度特征与沉积环境的变化归因于气候变化。 相似文献
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Detailed examination of inter- and supratidal delta and floodplain sediments exposed in eroding bank sections at 52 locations along the Squamish River estuary provides the basis for recognizing seven distinct facies within the 5500 m-long estuary. Estuary sedimentation is initially driven by the development of sand bar complexes along the seaward edge of the intertidal delta. Sedimentation continues within interdistributary bay environments as intertidal sandflats and then tidal marshes develop, Aggradation of the delta within interdistributary bay environments results in a gradual transition from delta to alluvial plain. Of the seven facies identified, only the intertidal sands and tidal marsh deposits provide evidence of their tidal origin. Examination of deposits throughout the riverine estuary reveals a number of gradual yet distinct changes of sediment size, structure, and sequence architecture. These trends record the changing nature of tidal and riverine control on sedimentation along the tidal gradient. Generally, with increasing distance up-estuary, sediment grain-size increases, the thickness of fine-grained overbank deposits decreases, and bedding changes from fine parallel bedding to higher energy bedforms. In addition, fining-upward successions become capped by coarser sands, facies contacts change from gradational to abrupt and occasionally erosional, and facies successions become increasingly complex and less predictable. Squamish River estuary has been divided into four zones based on sedimentological and stratigraphical evidence, each zone reflecting changes in the relative influence of tidal and riverine control on sedimentation. Each zone contains distinctly different facies sequences, although zone boundaries generally are gradational. 相似文献
15.
Chronologies of sedimentary changes in the south Bohai Sea,China: constraints from luminescence and radiocarbon dating 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Liang Yi Zhongping Lai Hongjun Yu Xingyong Xu Qiao Su Jing Yao Xulong Wang Xuefa Shi 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2013,42(2):267-284
The alternation of terrestrial and marine deposits is an indicator of past environmental and sea‐level changes. The age of deposition is usually dated by means of radiocarbon. However, radiocarbon dates of molluscan shells from coastal areas may be complicated by various sources of carbon, and problematic for deposits of 40–50 ka or older. Herein, we apply the Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating method to date samples from terrestrial and marine/coastal sediments extracted from three cores in the south Bohai Sea, China. Multiple‐ and single‐aliquot regenerative‐dose procedures using OSL signals from fine‐silt (4–11 μm), coarse‐silt (38–63 μm) and fine‐sand (63–90 or 90–125 μm) quartz were employed to determine the equivalent dose (D e). The results showed that: (i) OSL ages from quartz of different grain sizes and different protocols are consistent with each other; (ii) for Holocene samples, most of the radiocarbon dates agree well with OSL ages; (iii) for pre‐Holocene samples, radiocarbon dates cluster at 40–50 14 C ka BP, whereas OSL ages are in stratigraphic order from 11 ka to 176 ka. Because of the self‐consistency of the quartz OSL ages, the stratigraphic agreement in the three cores, and the clustering of the radiocarbon dates, we suggest that the quartz OSL ages are more reliable with respect to dating the samples from the south Bohai Sea. Finally, the four marine strata identified in the south Bohai Sea are likely to have formed during the Holocene, Marine Isotopic Stage (MIS) 3–5, MIS 6 and probably MIS 7, respectively. 相似文献
16.
ROGER ANDERTON 《Sedimentology》1976,23(4):429-458
The Jura Quartzite, a formation of probably late Precambrian metasediments over 5 km thick from the Caledonian belt in Southwest Scotland, has been divided into a coarse and three fine facies. The former comprises cross-bedded sands with some laminated sands and silt horizons, interpreted as the deposits of shallow marine tidal dunes and other bedforms together with some beach units. Deposition from suspension of silt and sand formed climbing dunes while largescale erosion produced flat or channelled surfaces. The fine facies comprise laterally persistent, parallel and cross-laminated sand units from millimetres to decimetres thick, interbedded with muds. The coarse and fine facies can be finely interbedded, the former sometimes filling decimetre deep, straight channels, cut in the latter. The fine facies exhibit structures indicative of deposition from decelerating currents and are interpreted as shallow marine storm deposits. The facies are compared with a model developed from published observations on modern shelf areas. Zones of erosion, large and small dunes, flat bedded sand and mud are considered to be the end product of a wide spectrum of tidal and storm conditions. During severe storms the fair weather tidal dunes may be modified or washed out, new dunes may be initiated downcurrent of the normal dune field while storm-sand layers are deposited in the distal zones. Hence, the nature of the preserved sediment blanket reflects the rare severe storm event rather than normal tidal conditions. The Jura Quartzite was deposited in a tidal gulf intimately connected with an ocean basin. The north-northeast directed palaeocurrent modes are probably roughly parallel to the coastline. 相似文献
17.
Déborah Idier Rodrigo Pedreros Carlos Oliveros Aldo Sottolichio Lorraine Choppin Xavier Bertin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2006,338(10):718-726
This paper investigates the relative influence of waves, wind-induced current and tidal current on the sediment mobility of a macro-tidal environment belonging to the inner shelf seaward of the ‘pertuis Charentais’ (France). This study, mainly based on three-week hydrodynamic in-situ measurements, shows that, for a water depth of 23 m, the swell (rather than wind waves) orbital velocity is large enough to initiate the motion of medium sands that are then transported by currents. Estimations show that medium sand of 0.2 mm is transported during 92% of the measurements, whereas coarse sand and gravel move sporadically, during storm, synchronously with spring tides. Further more, bedload fluxes appear strongly larger when waves are taken into account (370 times larger for 0.2-mm sands). To cite this article: D. Idier et al., C. R. Geoscience 338 (2006). 相似文献
18.
低能海岸的垂直层序和风暴沉积 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
我国淤泥质海岸由微型和小型层序构成。微型层序主要是潮汐作用形成的,小型层序由粗、细粒单层构成,其中粗粒单层形成于风暴时期,细粒单层形成于平静天气。小型层序系完整的风暴层序。在游泥质海岸层序中风暴沉积的厚度超过非风暴沉积,且排列有序。低潮坪沉积物粗,向陆向海变细,从而构成中间粗、两端细的淤泥质海岸典型垂直层序。随着条件和因素的变化,典型垂直层序可以产生若干变异,识别出三种变异层序。 相似文献
19.
The Late Pleistocene and Holocene loess deposits of the SE Buenos Aires province are composed of four allostratigraphic units that represent four episodes of loess deposition. The first and the second episodes occurred in Late Pleistocene times. The second episode was followed by a soil forming interval (Early Holocene to Mid-Holocene times). The third episode took place at about 5000 yr BP, after the Holocene sea-level maximum when marine regression began. The fourth episode constitutes a historical event of only local significance.Loess shows a fairly constant granulometric and mineralogical composition. The modal fraction consists of very fine sand and coarse silt (3 to 5 phi). They are classified as sandy silts or silty sands. Three grain-size subpopulations are differentiated: coarse, medium and fine. The medium-size subpopulation, which is the most important, consists of most of the very fine sand and coarse silt. It is thought to be transported by modified saltation and short-term suspension during local dust-storms.The mineralogical composition of loess consists of a volcaniclastic assemblage derived mainly from reworked pyroclastic deposits, primary tephras and volcaniclastic sediments. The source area of these materials was located in the lower Colorado river valley about 400 km SW of the studied area. There was also a direct supply by volcanic ash falls. 相似文献