共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
60年来洞庭湖区进出湖径流特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用集中度与集中期、M-K趋势检验法、变差系数法等方法对洞庭湖入湖径流河流（荆江三口、湖南四水）和出湖径流（城陵矶）年径流量序列进行分析。结果显示：① 洞庭湖区径流集中期为每年6~7月份,最大径流出现时间为6月底7月初;径流集中期合成向量方向介于103.2~190.2°之间,均能够反映各河流进出湖径流量最大值出现的月份。② 径流变差系数介于0.194~0.761之间,说明径流年际变率大。各河流径流极值比均在0.6以上,径流量衰减较为明显。③ 从径流的丰枯交替规律来看,湖南四水水量分配相对较为平均。荆江三口以藕池口丰水年和枯水年概率最大,分别占到32.79%和57.38%,径流年际变化较为剧烈,不利于水资源的合理利用。 相似文献
2.
随着全球气候变化和人类社会经济高速发展,水资源供需矛盾日益突出,国际河流流域跨境水冲突不断加剧,其时空演化规律成为当前跨学科研究的热点和难点。为此,从水冲突“事件—关系”视角,对1948—2018年间全球跨境水冲突的时空演化规律进行系统分析发现：① 1948—2018年全球跨境水冲突规模总体呈非单调波动增长态势,在1987年前后发生显著突变,表现出兼具趋势性、突变性和波动性等多维特征的非单调动力过程;② 全球跨境水冲突事件以围绕水文干预和资源权属争夺的低强度事件为主,大坝等水利工程建设引发的冲突显著增加,南亚、西亚和东非地区成为主导全球跨境水冲突趋势演化的“序参量”;③ 全球跨境水冲突呈现由单中心向多中心格局转变的空间扩散趋势,但“北多南少、东多西少、相对集中”的总体不均衡格局基本锁定,形成以30°N为中心、横跨南亚—中亚—西亚—东非高水资源压力区的水冲突密集带;④ 国家间跨境水冲突关系趋于普遍化、复杂化和网络化,发育多个流域性网络社团,但水冲突关系的“马太效应”和极化分布特征持续显著,产生“路径锁定”效应;水冲突“规模—强度”关系存在一定的空间错配。 相似文献
3.
洞庭湖年径流泥沙的演变特征及其动因 总被引：18，自引：2，他引：16
通过对洞庭湖1951~1998年径流泥沙演变过程及其驱动力的全面分析表明, 径流泥沙关系密切, 其相关系数r = 0.9013。年径流量、年输沙量总体均呈同步减少趋势, 在演变过程中表现出明显的阶段性。由于湘、资、沅、澧四水流域产水量大, 森林覆盖率达52%以上, 连年兴建的水利工程及工农业、生活用水量的增加, 未能对四水河流水文特征产生根本性的影响, 其入湖径流泥沙基本处于稳定状态, 故没有对湖泊径流泥沙的演变造成深刻影响。而由长江中游河段的调弦口堵口, 下荆江系统裁弯和葛洲坝截流所引起的3次江湖水沙关系调整, 即是导致洞庭湖径流泥沙缓减速减的主动因子。 相似文献
4.
典型年洞庭湖系统健康综合评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以洞庭湖各典型年的遥感影像、相关图件、社会经济数据及水沙、水质监测等实测资料为依据,基于湖泊健康 “PSR”响应模型,构建了综合评价指标体系,确定了具体的评价指标、评价标准、指标权重和评价等级,采用主成分分析法评价洞庭湖系统健康状况的空间差异,以模糊综合评判法评价其典型年动态变化特征。结果表明：① 从各典型年来看,1986年和1998年洞庭湖处于不健康状态,1991年为临界健康;而三峡工程蓄水运行之后洞庭湖均处于临界健康状态。② 从空间分布上看,南洞庭湖系统健康状况相对较好,其次是东洞庭湖,最差的是西洞庭湖。③ 从压力-状态-响应健康指数来看,各典型年压力隶属度均为不健康,尤其是三峡工程蓄水运行后;其状态、响应隶属度一直保持在临界健康水平。这说明洞庭湖虽保持了较为完整的自然形态、结构基本合理、生态服务价值稳定,但已出现“病症”。作为国家级自然保护区,洞庭湖健康整体水平仍需进一步提升。 相似文献
5.
建设“长江国际黄金旅游带”是长江经济带旅游业发展的重要战略目标导向。“长江国际黄金旅游带”的提出意味着“旅游长江”成为长江经济带的重要组成部分之一。对于中国区域旅游业发展而言,其价值为：①从空间维度看,首次实现从“区域旅游”向“流域旅游”的空间拓展;结合城市群崛起,联动未来以跨区域完整的地域自然山水和文化生态单元,将形成中国区域旅游发展空间的主干骨架。②从时间维度看,首次实现了旅游业发展从区域“支柱产业”向“全局战略性产业”提升,使得区域旅游业发展向同时兼具“产业”和“事业”特征的旅游业本源属性回归。③从对外开发合作看,首次实现了“国内区域旅游发展”和“对外国际开发开放”的联动对接。以国内开发促进国际合作,以国际合作推进国内外统筹联动式开发模式开始形成。这种流域性区域旅游发展模式,也催生出一系列区域性的的研究命题,结合实施国家主体功能区战略和国家区域重点发展战略,这些命题主要包括“旅游业发展与国家区域发展战略融合发展”、“城市群旅游与生态功能区旅游对接协调”、“城市群旅游业一体化整合提升”、“生态功能区旅游主业化改革推进”、“沿海、沿边旅游业国际化开放对接”、“流域性旅游业综合治理”等。 相似文献
6.
延河流域景观格局与生态水文过程分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
延河流域作为典型的黄土高原丘陵沟壑区,水土流失是最主要的生态环境问题,其生态环境治理能为整个黄土高原生态恢复重建提供典型范例,因此评价延河流域景观格局变化对水文过程的影响,对流域景观格局与水文过程的研究具有重要的科学价值和现实意义。本文通过利用SWAT模型模拟的延河流域的41个子流域的水文响应单元,建立延河流域的“源—汇”水文响应单元景观格局指数,通过计算不同地形条件下水文响应单元随着坡度变化的面积累积百分比,构建了新的“地形—水文响应单元 (Slope-HRU) 综合景观指数”。并与SWAT水文模型所模拟获得的子流域径流量、产沙量进行相关性分析,评价“地形—水文响应单元 (Slope-HRU) 景观指数”对水文过程的表征能力和适用性。结果表明：在子流域尺度上Slope-HRU景观指数和产沙状况存在明显的区域分异规律,而且R值空间变异情况基本上与产沙量的空间变化规律相反,即R值呈现由南向北,由东向西递增,而产沙量由南向北,由东向西递减。R值与年产沙量在数值上呈显著相关关系,相关系数为-0.60;再将Slope-HRU景观指数与所选取的7个常用景观格局指数相结合,构成新的综合景观指数,发现它们与子流域的产沙量耦合关系明确,均显著负相关,相关系数绝对值范围为0.43~0.63。 相似文献
7.
南水北调东中两线不同水文区降水丰枯遭遇性分析 总被引：25，自引：0，他引：25
南水北调东中两线不同水文区来水的丰枯遭遇性是跨流域水资源调配必须考虑的重要问题。据年、季和月三种不同时间尺度的降水系列分别探讨了华北地区与长江中下游及华北地区与汉江上游来水丰枯的遭遇性。结果表明：不论是华北地区与长江中下游,还是华北地区和汉江上游,其降水丰枯异步频率都略大于丰枯同步频率。在三同步现象中,南北同枯出现的频率较低。就适合调水的４种丰枯遭遇情形统计,华北地区和长江中下游年尺度上的频率总和 相似文献
8.
“文—旅”产业融合发展为产业结构高质量转型、空间统筹优化和区域经济韧性提升赋能。在由“宏观—中观—微观”三维尺度复合而成的城市群“文—旅”产业融合发展理论基础上,论文构建了城市群“文—旅”产业融合发展评价指标体系,以长江中游城市群为研究对象,借助耦合协调模型和极化指数模型对2010—2019年区域“文—旅”产业融合发展水平进行测算并分析其空间效应,并探究该区域“文—旅”产业融合发展的驱动机制。结果显示：① 长江中游城市群“文—旅”产业融合发展的各子系统间具有较强的互动关系,但多数城市暂未达到良性发展状态;② 研究期内,长江中游城市群“文—旅”产业融合发展的空间效应表现出“极化效应”显著、“回程效应”与“扩散效应”微弱的特征;③ 长江中游城市群“文—旅”产业融合发展在空间上呈现以“武汉—长沙—南昌”为核心的“核心—边缘”结构;④ 长江中游城市群“文—旅”产业融合发展是在资源禀赋基础力、居民消费需求力、基础设施保障力、规模效益催动力、人力资源潜在力、经济发展拉动力“六力”共同驱动下形成的。最后,根据长江中游城市群“文—旅”产业融合发展现状,提出强化区域联动、瞄准核心驱动力等针对性建议,推动长江中游城市群区域一体化建设和地方经济高质量发展。 相似文献
9.
面对珠江水量统一调度的新要求,采用Copula函数对珠江流域内3个控制性水文站的径流量进行研究,分析其丰枯遭遇概率。结果显示：1）三大水系两两间丰枯同步的概率大于丰枯异步的概率（汛期西江和东江除外）,其中北江与东江径流量一致性较好,丰枯同步的概率最大,其中全年丰枯同步的概率高达69.88%,汛期丰枯同步的概率为63.36%;西江与东江丰枯同步的概率最小,汛期只有47.88%;西北江丰枯同步的概率居中,全年、汛期和非汛期丰枯同步的概率分别为55.10%、56.02%和50.12%。2）三大水系三维联合分布研究表明,三大水系丰枯同步的概率在全年、汛期和非汛期均较大,依次为40.16%、38.11%和36.49%,其中同丰和同枯的概率远大于同平的概率。3）利用三大水文站的联合分布,可获得各水文站不同径流量遭遇的概率,以及特定概率下各水文站径流量的可能组合,可对珠江水量统一调度提供参考。 相似文献
10.
地表温度“源—汇”景观贡献度的影响因素分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在中国快速城市化进程中,城市热岛是严重的环境问题之一。探究城市热岛的影响因素,建立与自然因子、社会经济因子、景观形态因子的关联,对解决中国“城市病”,实现可持续发展具有重要的意义。本文首先在全国尺度上基于地表温度“源—汇”景观指数识别地表温度的“源”景观/“汇”景观,在此基础上计算“源—汇”景观贡献度及其效应,分析其时空演变规律;其次,基于空间杜宾模型分析自然因子、社会经济因子和景观形态因子对“源—汇”景观贡献度的影响,结果发现：① 2005—2015年间,可缓解热岛效应的省份冬季较夏季多,冬季“强”和“较弱”景观贡献度比值区域集中分布在中国北部和南部;夏季“强”的“汇”与“源”景观贡献度比值区域集中分布在中国北部地区。② 对于本地因子,景观形态对“源”或“汇”景观贡献度的影响较大,缓解热岛效应将附近小“汇”斑块结合来降低地表温度“汇”景观的离散度;其次,夏季适当在“源”景观里增加相对湿度、并增加其植被覆盖率,严格控制“源”景观和“汇”景观的建筑密度及建筑高度,可达到最佳降温效果。③ 邻域因子中相对湿度和建筑密度的影响更大,景观形态中增加“源”景观的离散度及其边缘密度,或增加“汇”景观集聚度,简化其形状均有利于缓解邻域的热岛效应。 相似文献
11.
三峡水库调度运行初期荆江与洞庭湖区的水文效应 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
以1951-2008年实测水文资料为依据,运用对比方法,分析了三峡水库调度运行初期,荆江与洞庭湖区的连琐水文效应.结果表明:①莉江冲刷星占宜昌至城陵矶段的78.9%,其平均冲刷强度也远高于该河段;②三口分流比减少2.33%、分沙比减少2.78%;③三口多年平均入湖径流泥沙比依次减少7.7%及24.4%;④洞庭湖区淤积速率减缓26.7%、汛期水最较同期多年平均值偏少20.2%,使湖区连年季节性缺水,前者对延长湖泊寿命有利,后者酿成了连年性的夏秋连旱灾害、居民饮用水、生产用水和航运等水安全问题以及涉及到了珍禽鸟类数量和种类减少,东方田鼠种群数量极度膨胀等生态系统的稳定性;⑤湖口多年平均输沙泄洪能力增强了26.6%和3.7%,避免了溃垸决堤之灾.并认为,为适应新的江湖关系变化,必须进一步优化调整三峡水库调度运行方案,重新审视江湖治理的理念,维系江湖连通的纽带. 相似文献
12.
《地理学报(英文版)》2010,(5)
Based on the measured hydrological data from 1951 to 2008,the chain hydrological effect between Jingjiang River and Dongting Lake is analyzed by comparative method after the Three Gorges Project operation.The result indicates that 1) the scouring amount in Jingjiang River made up 78.9% of the total from Yichang to Chenglingji,and its average scouring intensity was higher than the latter;2) the water and sand diversion rates at the three outlets of the Jingjiang River were reduced by 2.33% and 2.78% separately;3) the proportion of multi-year average runoff and sediment through the three outlets in the total into the Dongting Lake decreased by 7.7% and 24.4% respectively;4) in Dongting Lake,the speed of sediment accumulation was lowered by 26.7%,in flood season,the runoff amount was 20.2% less than the multi-year average value,leading to seasonal scarcity of water year by year.The former prolonged the lake life,while the latter induced droughts in summer and fall in successive years,shortage of drinking and industrial water,shipping insecurity,as well as ecological problems such as decrease of birds and quick increase of Microtus fortis;5) The multi-year average values of sediment and flood transporting capacity at the lake outlet were respectively increased by 26.6% and 3.7%,the embankments were protected effectively.Then,to adapt to the new change of the river-lake relation,some suggestions were put forward,such as optimizing further operation program of the Three Gorges Reservoir,reexamining the idea of river and lake regulation,and maintaining connection of the river and the lake. 相似文献
13.
CHANG Jiang LI Jingbao LU Dianqing ZHU Xiang LU Chengzhi ZHOU Yueyun DENG Chuxiong 《地理学报》2010,20(5):771-786
Based on the measured hydrological data from 1951 to 2008, the chain hydrological effect between Jingjiang River and Dongting Lake is analyzed by comparative method after the Three Gorges Project operation. The result indicates that 1) the scouring amount in Jingjiang River made up 78.9% of the total from Yichang to Chenglingji, and its average scouring intensity was higher than the latter; 2) the water and sand diversion rates at the three outlets of the Jingjiang River were reduced by 2.33% and 2.78% separately; 3) the proportion of multi-year average runoff and sediment through the three outlets in the total into the Dongting Lake decreased by 7.7% and 24.4% respectively; 4) in Dongting Lake, the speed of sediment accumulation was lowered by 26.7%, in flood season, the runoff amount was 20.2% less than the multi-year average value, leading to seasonal scarcity of water year by year. The former prolonged the lake life, while the latter induced droughts in summer and fall in successive years, shortage of drinking and industrial water, shipping insecurity, as well as ecological problems such as decrease of birds and quick increase of Microtus fortis; 5) The multi-year average values of sediment and flood transporting capacity at the lake outlet were respectively increased by 26.6% and 3.7%, the embankments were protected effectively. Then, to adapt to the new change of the river-lake relation, some suggestions were put forward, such as optimizing further operation program of the Three Gorges Reservoir, reexamining the idea of river and lake regulation, and maintaining connection of the river and the lake. 相似文献
14.
The hydrological effect between Jingjiang River and Dongting Lake during the initial period of Three Gorges Project operation 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Jiang Chang Jingbao Li Dianqing Lu Xiang Zhu Chengzhi Lu Yueyun Zhou Chuxiong Deng 《地理学报(英文版)》2010,20(5):771-786
Based on the measured hydrological data from 1951 to 2008, the chain hydrological effect between Jingjiang River and Dongting
Lake is analyzed by comparative method after the Three Gorges Project operation. The result indicates that 1) the scouring
amount in Jingjiang River made up 78.9% of the total from Yichang to Chenglingji, and its average scouring intensity was higher
than the latter; 2) the water and sand diversion rates at the three outlets of the Jingjiang River were reduced by 2.33% and
2.78% separately; 3) the proportion of multi-year average runoff and sediment through the three outlets in the total into
the Dongting Lake decreased by 7.7% and 24.4% respectively; 4) in Dongting Lake, the speed of sediment accumulation was lowered
by 26.7%, in flood season, the runoff amount was 20.2% less than the multi-year average value, leading to seasonal scarcity
of water year by year. The former prolonged the lake life, while the latter induced droughts in summer and fall in successive
years, shortage of drinking and industrial water, shipping insecurity, as well as ecological problems such as decrease of
birds and quick increase of Microtus fortis; 5) The multi-year average values of sediment and flood transporting capacity at the lake outlet were respectively increased
by 26.6% and 3.7%, the embankments were protected effectively. Then, to adapt to the new change of the river-lake relation,
some suggestions were put forward, such as optimizing further operation program of the Three Gorges Reservoir, reexamining
the idea of river and lake regulation, and maintaining connection of the river and the lake. 相似文献
15.
构造沉降和泥沙淤积对洞庭湖区防洪的影响 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
作者利用洞庭盆地多年水准测量资料和洞庭湖近年的泥沙资料,对洞庭盆地的构造沉降速率和泥沙淤积速率进行了分析,从地貌学和水利学角度,对“洞庭湖盆”和“洞庭盆地”这两个不同的空间概念进行了区分,在此基础上,探讨了构造沉降和泥沙淤积对洞庭湖蓄洪空间和防洪大堤的影响。在目前洞庭湖盆被大堤围限的情况下,洞庭盆地的构造沉降运动使洞庭湖的蓄洪空间不断减小;洞庭盆地的构造沉降量虽然在一定程度上缓解了洞庭湖不断萎缩的趋势,但构造沉降对洞庭湖区的防洪形势却是不利的。构造沉降和泥沙淤积均对防洪大堤的质量提出了更高的要求,增大了洞庭湖区防洪的难度。 相似文献
16.
With the long-term data of the geodetic sea level measurements undertaken in the Dongting Basin and the recent sediment data of Dongting Lake, we analyze the tectonic subsidence rate of the Dongting Basin and the sedimentary rate of Dongting Lake. From the point of view of geomorphology and hydrogeology, we distinguish the two different spatial concepts between “the basin of Dongting Lake“ and “the Dongting Basin“. Then, we discuss the influences of the tectonic subsidence and the siltation on the levees and the space of storing flood. The better quality of levees is required due to the tectonic subsidence and the siltation, and the difficulties of preventing flood disasters are increasing.The space of storing flood is not affected by the tectonic subsidence, but by the siltation. At present,the sedimentary rate of Dongting Lake is higher than the tectonic subsidence rate of the Dongting Basin. The tectonic subsidence capacity of the Dongting Basin counteracts a part of sedimentary capacity, and the shrinking tendency of Dongting Lake is restrained to a certain extent, but the tectonic subsidence is harmful to the situation of preventing flood disasters in the Dongting Lake area. 相似文献
17.
特枯水情对长江中下游悬浮泥沙的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
基于长江中下游气象资料、历史水沙资料和2006 年10 月现场水沙观测资料, 分析了 典型枯水年大通站的月均径流量和输沙率特征、2006 年特枯水情产生的气候背景以及对长江中下游含沙量和悬沙粒径产生的影响。分析表明, 枯水年长江干流输沙量有显著的减少, 2006 年特枯水情下大通站汛期输沙量仅占多年平均值(1985-2000 年) 的19.8%。在特枯水情 和三峡工程蓄水的背景下, 2006 年10 月长江中下游含沙量平均为0.057 kg/m3, 只占 2003-2005 年10 月平均值的20.6%。2006 年10 月长江中下游悬沙中值粒径平均为4.8 µm, 悬沙中值粒径只占多年平均值的26.3%, 占近期平均值的41.8%。含沙量、悬沙粒度和中游 河床冲淤特性的综合分析表明, 城陵矶-湖口河段水沙垂向交换强, 是三峡兴建以后近期河 道调整频繁的河段。洞庭湖和鄱阳湖对长江干流含沙量的贡献较大, 尤以鄱阳湖的贡献最大, 长江中下游其他支流对长江干流含沙量的贡献较小。汉江和巢湖对长江中下游悬沙粒径的影响相对较大, 而洞庭湖和鄱阳湖则对悬沙粒径的影响相对较小。 相似文献
18.
With the long-term data of the geodetic sea level measurements undertaken in the Dongting Basin and the recent sediment data of Dongting Lake, we analyze the tectonic subsidence rate of the Dongting Basin and the sedimentary rate of Dongting Lake. From the point of view of geomorphology and hydrogeology, we distinguish the two different spatial concepts between "the basin of Dongting Lake" and "the Dongting Basin". Then, we discuss the influences of the tectonic subsidence and the siltation on the levees and the space of storing flood. The better quality of levees is required due to the tectonic subsidence and the siltation, and the difficulties of preventing flood disasters are increasing. The space of storing flood is not affected by the tectonic subsidence, but by the siltation. At present, the sedimentary rate of Dongting Lake is higher than the tectonic subsidence rate of the Dongting Basin. The tectonic subsidence capacity of the Dongting Basin counteracts a part of sedimentary capacity, and the shrinking tendency of Dongting Lake is restrained to a certain extent, but the tectonic subsidence is harmful to the situation of preventing flood disasters in the Dongting Lake area. 相似文献