共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
传统的土拱效应理论是基于上覆土体为无黏性土或饱和黏性土建立的,但非饱和状态是实际土体的常见情形,其力学特性受自然环境变化的影响。针对这一问题,基于太沙基（Terzaghi）平面土拱效应分析模型和土体单元主应力轴旋转理论,建立了考虑基质吸力的土拱效应松动土压力分析模型。依次给出了基质吸力在上覆土体内呈均匀分布、梯形分布、正三角分布和倒三角分布时的松动土压力和侧压力系数表达式。为验证该分析模型的正确性,采用FLAC建立了Trapdoor数值模型,理论计算与FLAC模拟结果非常吻合。最后,着重分析了上覆土体的饱和度、厚度、Trapdoor宽度、地下水上升和降雨等因素对松动土压力的影响。研究发现,松动土压力随土体饱和度先减小后增大,当达到进气值所对应的饱和度时松动土压力最小。 相似文献
2.
基于主应力轴旋转理论的修正Terzaghi松动土压力 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于土体主应力轴旋转理论,提出了Trapdoor上方土体侧向土压力系数的一般表达式,从而修正了传统的Terzaghi松动土压力计算公式。对于无黏性土,该系数是一个只与土体有效内摩擦角相关的参数,其值介于1.0和被动土压力系数Kp之间,且随着有效内摩擦角的增大而增大。黏性土的侧向土压力系数则与Trapdoor上覆土体厚度、重度、有效黏聚力和有效内摩擦角及Trapdoor宽度等参数有关。与传统计算方法相比,修正后的Terzaghi松动土压力计算结果与国内外Trapdoor模型试验结果及FLAC数值分析结果更为吻合,可广泛应用于地下管道、地基局部沉陷及隧道工程的土拱应力分析。 相似文献
3.
天然土尤其是地表浅层土常处于非饱和状态,其小应变剪切模量是预测地基变形及土工结构物动力反应的一个重要参数。通过对非饱和压实粉土三轴样进行弯曲元试验,研究了吸力和干湿路径对其小应变剪切模量的影响。试验结果表明,非饱和压实粉土样的小应变剪切模量各向异性忽略不计;小应变剪切模量G0(vh)、G0(hh)和G0(hv)均随吸力增大而非线性增大;同一吸力下不同干湿路径上的土样,饱和度不同,其小应变剪切模量随饱和度升高而减小,主要原因是土的平均骨架应力和土中毛细水的作用。根据试验结果对非饱和土小应变剪切模量的半经验公式进行了改进,同时考虑了吸力与饱和度的作用。 相似文献
4.
非饱和土抗剪强度及土压力统一解 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
基于统一强度理论和非饱和土双应力状态变量抗剪强度,合理考虑中间主应力效应,建立了非饱和土双应力状态变量抗剪强度统一解,并与文献试验结果进行比较,验证了公式的正确性;进而考虑基质吸力的不同分布,得到非饱和土主动土压力和被动土压力统一解,克服了朗肯土压力的不足,并得出中间主应力和基质吸力对土压力的影响特性。研究结果表明,主动土压力随着统一强度理论参数和基质吸力的增大而不断减小,被动土压力则相反;当基质吸力沿深度线性减小时,主动土压力和被动土压力都不像基质吸力沿深度为常数时变化得那么快。该结果为非饱和土抗剪强度和土压力分析提供了理论依据,对工程设计有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
5.
大断面深埋高水压地铁盾构隧道周边土压力作用模式评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以南京某大直径地铁盾构隧道为背景,对盾构管片衬砌所受荷载及结构内力进行现场测试,分析了深埋高水压粉细砂地层中盾构隧道管片土压力大小及分布特征。采用3种不同竖向荷载组合（即有效上覆土压力+水压力,太沙基松动土压力+水压力,只有水压力）计算管片内力并与实测内力进行比较,评价了作用在盾构隧道管片上的土压力模式。结果表明：（1）作用在盾构隧道衬砌上的水压力大小基本等于静止水压力;（2）盾构隧道隧顶实测土压力约为太沙基松动土压力的80%,实测隧顶土压力更接近于太沙基松动土压力,隧道上方存在土拱;（3）现场实测管片弯矩较3种荷载作用下计算弯矩小,而实测管片轴力约为理论计算轴力的2倍。此外,分析了水平地基抗力系数对隧道管片内力的影响。研究成果可为大直径深埋盾构隧道设计提供参考。 相似文献
6.
砂土及完整性较差、黏聚强度较小的破碎岩体中,浅埋隧道地层拱作用机制随地层变形发展而变化,受此影响隧道松动土压力也相应变化。常规方法忽略了地层拱不同阶段力学机制的不同,同时未考虑剪切面转动与大主应力旋转之间的相互关系,因此,不能解决浅埋隧道地层能否成拱、地层拱何时贯通至地表以及地层拱发展对隧道松动土压力影响等问题。针对这一情况,提出渐进地层拱力学模型以反映不同阶段地层拱的力学机制;其次,同时考虑主应力旋转、剪切面转动及二者相互关系,确定拱内土体应力分布;随后,优化了传统主应力偏转与地层差异沉降间的数学模型。在此基础上确定了渐进地层拱对隧道松动土压力的影响。改进方法结果与传统方法结果及试验结果的对比验证了改进方法的有效性与适用性。通过参数分析研究了隧道初始松动压力、随地层变形发展的松动压力以及地层拱贯通至地表时的极限变形等关键参数。最后,对下北山超大跨浅埋隧道的研究说明了改进方法的实用性。结论显示：（1）初始松动压力为初始松动区内土体重力,初始松动区范围不受覆跨比影响,而受地层强度影响,随内摩擦角增加而减小;（2）最大拱效应阶段以后,松动土压力随地层变形发展而增加,深埋、小跨度隧道（ ）增长速率较慢,反之较快;（3）极限变形随覆跨比、内摩擦角增加而增加,深埋、小跨度隧道地层拱效应更明显;（4）对于下北山隧道,初始地层拱存在,初始松动土压力为0.37 ,极限松动土压力为0.41 ,最终松动土压力为0.54 ,隧道变形应控制在5.7%以下避免地层拱贯通至地表。 相似文献
7.
针对地表超载导致的隧道竖向土压力问题,参照室内模型试验的隧道结构变形与土压力实测结果,建立了有限元模型。在地表超载作用下,分析了隧道穿越土层与隧道上覆土层的压缩性能对隧道周围土压力与结构变形的影响。结果表明：隧道穿越土层的压缩模量越小,地表超载作用导致的隧道竖向土压力越大,且对应的隧道水平土压力越小,隧道结构越容易发生横椭圆变形;隧道上覆土层的压缩模量越小,地表超载作用导致的竖向土压力越小,隧道结构发生的变形也越小;在软土地区地表堆土（超载）导致的隧道竖向土压力要大于按土柱理论计算所得的隧道竖向土压力。研究结果可为软土地区地铁盾构隧道设计与运营期管控提供参考依据。 相似文献
8.
合理选择注浆压力是确保盾构隧道壁后注浆效果良好的前提。假定在黏土地层中,壁后注浆先对周围土体产生压密效应,当注浆压力超过一定值以后,浆液开始劈裂土体。为得到最优注浆压力,基于弹塑性理论,推导了考虑浆体无限扩张时的注浆压力上临界值计算式;将接头螺栓的抗剪效应与注浆对管片产生的压力结合起来,推导了考虑螺栓剪切破坏的注浆压力上临界值计算式;基于主、被动土压力公式,提出了保持地层稳定的注浆压力上、下临界值计算式。在此基础上,提出了最优注浆压力计算方法。通过工程实例,分析了土体的弹性模量、黏聚力、内摩擦角、初始地下水压,及隧道埋深对临界注浆压力的影响。结果表明：临界注浆压力与土体弹性模量、黏聚力、内摩擦角、初始地下水压,管片结构性能以及隧道埋深等因素有关;上临界值随着土体弹性模量、黏聚力、内摩擦角、初始地下水压及隧道埋深的增大而增大;下临界值亦随隧道埋深的增大而增大。 相似文献
9.
地铁隧道竖向土压力荷载的计算研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在地下结构按荷载结构模型计算分析时,如何确定作用在地下结构上的上覆土荷载的大小及分布是合理设计的关键。对于松软地层浅埋隧道,竖向土压力经常取全部土层厚度重量;而覆土厚度较大时采用坍落拱统计公式以及泰沙基理论或普氏压力拱理论等,这些理论公式在选用时还存在一些问题,值得进一步研究改进。根据北京地铁所处地层、隧道尺寸及埋深情况,采用常用覆土压力理论对北京地铁四、五、十号线标准断面安全度进行试算分析,提出了北京地铁隧道竖向土压力荷载计算方法,对地铁隧道及城市地下工程均具有借鉴参考价值。 相似文献
10.
传统的土压力分析仅考虑了土体饱和强度对土压力产生的贡献,忽略了基质吸力及其变化对土压力的影响。运用非饱和土有效应力原理和饱和土朗肯土压力公式推导了非饱和土朗肯土压力公式,结合Iverson降雨入渗解析解,推导出降雨入渗条件下非饱和土压力公式。该公式将降雨入渗时的非饱和土压力表示为时间和深度的函数,更符合实际情况。研究结果表明：采用该方法计算得到的土压力值相对于传统计算结果偏大,作用点偏高;此外,随着降雨的发生、入渗和停止,主动土压力呈现“减小-增大-减小-稳定”趋势,被动土压力呈现“增大-减小-增大-稳定”趋势,该现象由降雨过程中基质吸力改变所致。由该公式获得的土压力分布及变化规律可用于挡土工程结构的设计。 相似文献
11.
The Xingtai piedmont plain in Hebei Province is a representative area in northern China where endemic fluorosis is serious and shallow high-F ground water is distributed. In this paper, the area is selected as a typical study area, and on the basis of large amounts of field work and the experiments, through groundwater geochemical modelling and by applying the theory and method of the coupled model of hydrodynamic transport and chemical reactions in a multicomponent system, the author performed numerical modelling of the geochemical behaviour of fluoride in a shallow groundwater system, quantitatively studied the hydrodynamic transport and chemical reaction of fluorine migration, transformation and concentration in a water-heterogeneous unsaturated soil system under the conditions of meteoric water infiltration and quantitatively determined the speciation of fluorine and the saturation state and dissolution/precipitation trend of various solid precipitates in shallow high-F groundwater, thus deepening t 相似文献
12.
浅埋大跨隧道施工爆破监测与减震技术 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
以沪-蓉线庙垭分岔隧道工程为背景,研究了其浅埋大跨段掘进爆破的地表震动效应及大断面开挖减震控制技术,并结合爆破监测数据的回归分析,确立了地震波垂向衰减规律的数学模型。综合分析地表及洞内地震波的震动特性发现,地表质点振动主振频率主要集中在低频段;由于表土的滤波作用,主振频率随距离的增加而减小的趋势并不明显;洞内混凝土衬砌减弱了爆破对围岩的冲击,高频地震波衰减极快;开挖区上部的地表振速通常大于未开挖区的振速,浅埋大跨隧道爆破安全控制应以已开挖区顶部的地表振速为准。 相似文献
13.
非饱和土库仑主动土压力统一解 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于非饱和土双应力状态变量抗剪强度统一解,合理考虑中间主应力效应,建立了非饱和土库仑主动土压力统一解,并对其进行可比性分析,将其计算结果与非饱和土朗肯主动土压力统一解进行对比,得出各因素的影响特性。研究结果表明,中间主应力和基质吸力对库仑主动土压力的影响显著,随统一强度理论参数和基质吸力的增加,库仑主动土压力不断减小直至为0,证明了考虑中间主应力可以充分发挥材料的自承载能力和强度潜能,具有可观的经济效益;库仑主动土压力随墙背倾角与填土倾角的增大而增大,随有效内摩擦角和基质吸力角的增大而减小,外摩擦角的影响不显著。非饱和土库仑主动土压力统一解具有更广泛的适用性,朗肯主动土压力统一解为其特例,其结果对边坡、基坑等工程的土压力确定和支挡结构设计有很好的借鉴作用。 相似文献
14.
随着城市建设的迅速发展,既有高填明洞填土顶面将不可避免地出现新增结构物等二期荷载的情况。为了明确明洞回填完成后新增二期荷载对其顶部垂直土压力的影响,在已有明洞减载结构土压力计算公式的基础上,利用土体沉降弹性理论计算公式建立了土工格栅变形与土体沉降变形的关系,并考虑二期荷载作用,进一步完善了高填明洞减载前后的洞顶垂直土压力计算公式。建立数值分析模型,将数值分析结果与文中公式计算结果进行了对比。结果表明：公式计算与数值分析结果较为接近,表现出相同的规律性;有无减载措施对明洞回填土压力影响较大,填土越高,减载越显著,实际作用在明洞顶土压力越小。新增二期荷载作用下的明洞顶垂直土压力计算,应考虑其对土体沉降变形的影响,而非简单叠加。 相似文献
15.
The behavior due to rainfall infiltrating the ground plays a role in landslides, groundwater recharge and various other ground
responses. Most of these geotechnical behaviors have a correlation between soil pore space and soil volumetric water content
in the unsaturated and saturated soil porous media. Therefore, the soil porosity associated with soil pores and the distribution
of volumetric water content are significantly important hydrological characteristics. In the case of shallow slope failure
such as landslide, the infiltration activity due to the connectivity of soil pore spaces in a porous media is induced. Slope
failure may be attributed to the effect of a wetting front with the slope due to liquid infiltration, which changes the volumetric
water content, soil matric suction and shear strength of the slope. This study was performed with an unsaturated injection
test using a frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) dielectric device which measures the dielectric constant of unsaturated
soil and the study then proposed the unsaturated dielectric mixing models to calculate soil porosity and effective porosity
of unsaturated soils. From the experimental results the ratio of effective porosity to porosity of soils are measured in a
range of 70–85%. These experimental results show a decrease of about 5–10% for unsaturated soil compared to the ratio of effective
porosity to porosity of saturated soil. The infiltration passages of tracer material are restricted within the pore connectivity
in the unsaturated soil which is caused by dead-pores in the soil. Using the FDR device and the unsaturated dielectric mixing
models, we can consider the acquisition of physical properties to detect the infiltration activity, the response of the dielectric
constant along with the injected tracer and hydrological parameters for the unsaturated soil porous media. 相似文献
16.
Vegetation contributes to weak soil stabilisation through reinforcement of the soil, dissipation of excess pore pressure and increasing the shear strength by induced matric suction. This paper describes the way vegetation influences soil matric suction, shrinkage and ground settlement in the vadose zone through transpiration. A mathematical model for the rate of root water uptake, including the root growth rate considering ground conditions, type of vegetation and climatic parameters, has been developed. A finite element approach is employed to solve the transient coupled flow-deformation equations. The finite element mesh is built using partially saturated soil elements capable of representing the salient aspects of unsaturated permeability and the soil water characteristic curve. The model formulation is based on the effective stress theory of unsaturated soils. Based on this proposed model, the distribution of the ground matric suction profile adjacent to the tree is numerically analysed. Current field measurements of soil matric suction and moisture content collected from Miram site located in Victoria State, Australia by the authors are compared with the numerical predictions. The results indicate that the proposed root water uptake model incorporated in the numerical analysis can be used for prediction of ground properties influenced by tree roots. 相似文献
17.
Summary. The liner of a pressure tunnel needs to be designed such that it can withstand the loads from the ground, the internal pressure,
and minimize the development of significant pore pressures at the liner-ground interface. Pore pressures behind the liner
reduce the effective stresses in the ground immediately in contact with the liner and can ultimately produce loss of support
from the ground. Deformations and loads of the liner are intimately connected to the interplay that exists between liner,
ground, and pore pressures in the ground. A closed-form analytical solution has been derived that accounts for the inter-relation
between liner, ground, and pore pressures. Elastic response of the liner and ground, and plane strain conditions at any cross-section
of the tunnel are assumed. The solution shows that stresses in the ground depend on the following dimensionless factors: relative
stiffness of the ground and liner, ground Poisson’s ratio, surface slope angle, coefficient of earth pressure at rest, relative
tunnel depth, and magnitude of the pore pressure behind the liner relative to the internal pressure. The minimum ground effective
tangential stresses at the ground-liner interface increase with the relative stiffness of the liner, with the coefficient
of earth pressure at rest, and with tunnel depth. They decrease with increasing surface slope angle and pore pressures behind
the liner. As leakage through the liner increases, the pore pressures in the ground increase. This results in a decrease of
effective radial and tangential stresses in the ground while displacements and loads of the liner are relatively less affected. 相似文献
18.
An extension of slip line theory to unsaturated soils is presented and applied to the problem of a rigid retaining wall rotating about its toe into unsaturated soils. Suction is introduced using the effective stress concept. Soil–wall interface friction is defined carefully. The influence of suction on limiting passive earth pressures is analysed for two soils under steady state evaporation and infiltration. Suction increases the limiting passive stress at the soil–wall interface, with a dependence on the steady state flow type. The displacement of the retained soil is studied assuming the wall undergoes a rotation increment. The results show a clear difference in the displacement for evaporation and infiltration. 相似文献
19.
Timoshenko beam solution for the response of existing tunnels because of tunneling underneath 
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下载免费PDF全文 An analytical solution for the deflection and internal forces of an existing tunnel because of tunneling underneath is presented. The existing tunnel is modeled as a Timoshenko beam resting on a Winkler foundation, which takes into account the contribution of shear deformation to the total deflection of the existing tunnel. The validity of the analytical solution is verified by a centrifuge test, and the merit of this analytical method is confirmed by comparison with the conventional Euler–Bernoulli beam model. Influential factors on the behavior of the existing tunnel are investigated by consideration of the variations of subgrade modulus, ground loss induced by the new tunnel construction, vertical clearance between the new tunnel and the existing tunnel, and relative existing tunnel–soil stiffness. Results show that the proposed analytical method is a valid and effective method to evaluate shearing‐induced deformation in existing tunnels with large diameters. Results also show that the pattern and the amplitude of the response of the existing tunnel are affected largely by ground loss induced by the new tunnel construction, vertical clearance between the new tunnel and the existing tunnel, and relative existing tunnel–soil stiffness. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
原状非饱和Q3黄土的土压力原位测试和强度特性研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了揭示原状黄土的土压力的分布规律及其在开挖过程和浸水过程中的变化规律,对兰州市一个高18 m的Q3黄土边坡进行了现场试验,量测了边坡的位移、土压力、基质吸力和含水率,观测了该边坡的破坏过程,同时进行了一组控制吸力的原状黄土的非饱和三轴剪切试验。研究结果表明：①原状Q3黄土的表观黏聚力和有效摩擦角与吸力之间均为非线性关系。②原状黄土边坡的土压力随着土坡开挖深度的增加而不断增大。边坡开挖结束后的土压力分布大致呈中间大,两端小的三角形,最大土压力位置在大约坡高的1/3位置处。与朗肯土压力理论计算结果相比,实测黄土边坡的土压力远小于计算值。在浸水条件下,非饱和黄土的边坡土压力增速较大,浸水是边坡产生破坏的直接原因。 相似文献