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本文简述了GPS测量技术 ,重点介绍了福建地壳形变GPS观测网利用GPS定位技术在地壳形变监测方面及其在地球动力学方面的应用 ,并取得了有重要意义的科学成果。 相似文献
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中国地壳运动观测网络在地球科学研究中的应用前景 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
简要地介绍了中国地壳运动观测网络的概况和目前的进展,论述了地壳运动观测网络在地球科学研究中的重要作用和应用前景。其应用潜力主要体现在:①在中国地壳运动监测研究中发挥重要作用,成为中国地震预测预报研究的重要基础;②为地球动力学研究提供重要的依据;③建立维持ITRF地球参考框架、研究地球自转、极移和章动及变化;④精化、加密全国大地网和大地水准面;⑤在气象学中的应用;⑥研究电离层电子浓度及其变化规律;⑦提供精密近实时的GPS轨道参数;⑧为广域差分定位奠定基础。 相似文献
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用GPS技术研究三峡工程万州库区滑坡的稳定性 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
三峡水库2003年建成蓄水后，库区水位将有大幅度的升高，可能引起多处滑坡等地质灾害。文章在概述了GPS相对定位技术的理论，应用现状和进展的基础上，讨论了在库区运用GPS相对定位技术开展滑坡稳定性监测与研究的有关问题。基于在重庆市万州库区建立GPS滑坡监测网的观测实践，总结了提高观测精度的几点措施，论述了GPS技术在滑坡稳定性研究中的有效性。最后，以吴家湾实验小学变形体为例，详细介绍了这一地区的地质构造特点，初步分析了近两年所获得的GPS观测成果。 相似文献
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对地观测与地理信息系统 总被引：23，自引：2，他引：21
20世纪地球科学进步的一个突出标志是人类开始脱离地球从太空观测地球（Earth Observation from Space）,并将得到的数据和信息在计算机网络以地理信息系统形式存储、管理、分发、流通和应用。比较全面地介绍了上述过程的若干关键技术：航空航天遥感技术、GPS技术和地理信息系统技术的最新发展及其未来计划。重点介绍了气象卫星、资源卫星、制图卫星、EOS计划以及我国航空航天遥感的主要成就;GPS全球定位系统及在我国的应用、卫星测高技术、我国的甚长基线干涉测量与卫星激光测距;GIS的发展历史及其特点、我国GIS的发展概况与现状等,最后提出“Geo-Information for all”的观点。 相似文献
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GPS技术已经被逐步应用到桥梁工程测量实践中,并引发了该领域中一场深刻的革命。本文阐述了桥梁工程中应用GPS测量技术的基础工作,探讨了GPS测量技术在桥梁工程设计规划和建设施工中的应用,并就GPS-RTK、GPS高程拟合、施工中静态定位测量的优势及桥梁工程测量技术的发展方向进行了介绍。 相似文献
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GPS RTK定位技术测量精度高、测站间无需通视、操作简单,在测量领域有着广泛的应用。本文结合工程实例介绍了利用GPS RTK技术进行公路测量的方法及建议。 相似文献
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本文对国外近期ＧＰＳ接收机的新机型和特点作了简介；较详细地介绍了ＧＰＳ在地球科学中的应用，包括它在几何大地测量、地球动力学、物理大地测量、航空遥感、海洋大地测量等方面的应用，还论及了ＧＰＳ应用的近期动向以及ＧＰＳ市场与技术的发展趋势。 相似文献
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In this paper we first estimate the strain rate field with 1202 GPS vectors from 1999 to 2005 in the Chinese continent. Then we propose a method to make error analysis of the strain rates computed from GPS vectors based on the Monte Carlo technique. In general, the orientations of compressive principal strain rates are in agreement with those of present tectonic stresses. The strain rates in the paper confirm the tectonic features of Tibetan Plateau such as NE–W compression and shortening, E–W extension, and normal faulting along near N–S faults. At the same time, the eastward extrusion in the east part of Tibet can also be seen from the strain rate field. In the error analysis, independent computation of strain rates is repeated for a large number of times, both the absolute and relative errors as well as the mean value of strain rates are obtained through statistical theory. The error result shows that the errors of strain rates may be associated with the uncertainties of GPS measurement and the distribution of GPS stations in space. The magnitude of the strain rate error is in the range of 3–8 × 10?9/yr across China in general. However, we found that the relative errors are much larger in East China than those in the west of China. In addition, the relative errors of maximum shear strain rates are smaller than those of surface dilation rates. Also, we found that there may be some correlations between maximum shear strain rates and seismic activities. Where the maximum shear strain rates are higher, there the earthquakes occur more frequently. The computed GPS strain rates reveal the distributed nature of deformation across the whole Chinese continent, and can represent the main present-day tectonic features. The strain rate and its error in the paper may provide important constraints to geodynamical modeling. 相似文献
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《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy》2000,25(12):819-822
Determination of a geodetic reference frame and a unique system of normal heights, meeting requests of geodynamic studies, demands an accomplishment of a complex of different types of geodetic measurements (space and terrestrial), as each of techniques separately unable to give a singular interpretation. A problem of precise determination of the quasigeoid heights can be solved by joined analysis of GPS/GLONASS measurements and gravimetric data, if for the GPS sites precise levelling data are available. An establishment of the Fiducial Astro-Geodetic network (FAGN), based mainly on the use of space geodesy technique, is a principal objective of the national programme which is carried out in Russia, under the management of the Federal Department of Geodesy and Cartography and in collaboration with research institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences. A real situation with the existing russian stations for geodynamical monitoring is considered, and a programme of upgrading of the integrated fundamental geodetic network is discussed. 相似文献
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HHS－手持测量系统是一种利用载波相位差分技术设计的GPS定位系统，具有轻便、精度高、无须通视等特点。主要介绍HHS GPS测量系统技术原理及其在矿产资源管理工作中应用方法。 相似文献
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Crustal motion and deformation in Greece from a decade of GPS measurements, 1993–2003 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The Hellenic plate boundary region, located in the collision zone between the Nubian/Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates, is one of the seismo-tectonically most active areas of Europe. During the last 15 years, GPS measurements have been used to determine the crustal motion in the area of Greece with the aim to better understand the geodynamical processes of this region. An extended reoccupation network covering whole Greece has been measured periodically in numerous GPS campaigns since the late eighties, and a continuous GPS network has been operated in the region of the Ionian Sea since 1995. In this paper, we present a new detailed high-quality solution of continuous and campaign-type measurements acquired between 1993 and 2003. During the GPS processing, a special effort was made to obtain consistent results with highest possible accuracies and reliabilities. Data of 54 mainly European IGS and EUREF sites were included in the GPS processing in order to obtain results which are internally consistent with the European kinematic field and order to allow for a regional interpretation. After an overview of the results of the IGS/EUREF sites, the results from more than 80 stations in Greece are presented in terms of velocities, time series, trajectories and strain rates. Previous geodetic, geological and seismological findings are generally confirmed and substantially refined. New important results include the observation of deformation zones to the north and to the south of the North Aegean Trough and in the West Hellenic arc region, arc-parallel extension of about 19 mm/yr along the Hellenic arc, and compression between the Ionian islands and the Greek mainland. Due to continuous long-term observations of 4–8 years, it was possible to extract height changes from the GPS time series. In Greece, we observe a differential subsidence of the order of 2 mm/yr between the northern and central Ionian islands across the Kefalonia fault zone. The differential subsidence of the central Ionian islands with respect to the northwestern Greek mainland amounts to 4 mm/yr. 相似文献
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闽台地球动力学及其能态结构研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
台湾地处中国大陆东南边缘是菲律宾海板块凸向亚欧大陆俯冲-碰撞异常岛弧带。福建位于台湾岛弧西侧活动地块。闽台独特的构造格架、地球动力学状态和构造应力场与地震活动之间的内在关联性,使之成为研究海陆板块俯冲-碰撞效应及其对板内地震活动影响天然地区。本文主要依据近30多年以来对福建地块的地震地质背景、地壳变形观测、构造应力场、地震活动性以及地壳-上地幔结构探测、地热场等资料,结合台湾学者详细对台湾岛弧地球动力学与强震构造等研究成果,探索海陆板块俯冲-碰撞地球动力学特征及其对板内活动地块影响,进而揭示板间-板缘-板内强震活动关联性和动力学性状的异同性。试图为本区强震预测和防震减灾对策提供新思路。 相似文献
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"3S"技术在木里地区金矿资源预测与定位中的应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
“3S”技术在地质找矿中的应用,极大地提高了成矿预测的精度和效益。在新理论、新思路的指导下,通过对已有地质、物探、化探、遥感资料进行二次开发及综合研究分析,应用以遥感技术(“RS”)为主,辅以“GIS”、“GPS”技术和野外现场验证等多源信息手段和方法,进行成矿预测,高效、快速地实现了找矿靶区的预测与定位。 相似文献
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GPS在易门1∶5万水系沉积物测量质量监控中应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
GPS的单点绝对定位及航迹功能应用到水系沉积物地球化学测量野外施工质量监控,能有效避免人为因素导致点位失真、采样随机性大等问题,提高野外定点精度,并可及时了解野外进度及采样点的到位情况。 相似文献
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The Gibraltar Orogenic Arc, in the Western Mediterranean, represents a complex region of active deformation related to the oblique Nubia–Eurasia convergence process. To increase the knowledge on the ongoing active processes in this region, we have used the most up-to-date and comprehensive geodetic crustal motion and stress fields. To this end, we analyzed both continuous and campaign-mode GPS data collected between 1999.00 and 2011.00 across the area and compiled a multidisciplinary dataset of well-constrained stress indicators to be compared with the geodetic results. The main results highlight the oblique nature of the Nubia–Eurasia convergence, which provides the largest component of the observed stress-pattern and is responsible for a significant strain-rate field along the Gibraltar Orogenic Arc. We discuss our findings with respect to available geological, seismological and geophysical data in order to verify their coherency compared to more relevant geodynamical models proposed in literature. According to previous studies, we confirmed how much of the secondary stress-pattern can be related to the gravitational potential energy field, which may also be responsible for some 2D stress–strain-rate angular discrepancies observed in large areas of the Betics. In addition, taking into account the sub-orthogonal azimuthal relationship between the SHmax and εhmin directions and the Fast Polarization Directions, we conjectured a deep dynamic process controlling both the crustal stress field and the surface deformation on large areas of the orogenic arc. Finally, although the models proposed to explain the geodynamic pattern of the Gibraltar Orogenic Arc are supported by a discrete number of geological and geophysical observations, it is only the back-arc extension and westward rollback model that is able to adequately account for the vast majority of the observations. Based on our findings and other evidences, we retain that this process could still be active beneath the Gibraltar Orogenic Arc. 相似文献
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The Aegean region including western Turkey, mainland Greece, and the Hellenic Arc is the most seismological and geodynamical active domain in the Alpine Himalayan Belt. In this study, we processed 3 years of survey-mode GPS data and present the analysis of a combination of geodetic and seismological data around Izmir, which is the third most populated city in Turkey. The velocities obtained from 15 sites vary between 25 mm/yr and 28 mm/yr relative to the Eurasian plate. The power law exponent of earthquake size distribution (b-value) ranges from 0.8 to 2.8 in the Izmir region between 26.2°E and 27.2°E. The lowest b-value zones are found along Karaburun Fault (b = 0.8) and, between Seferihisar and Tuzla Faults (b = 0.8). A localized stress concentration is expected from numerical models of seismicity along geometrical locked fault patches. Therefore, areas with lowest b-values are considered to be the most likely location for a strong earthquake, a prediction that is confirmed by the 2005 Mw = 5.9 Seferihisar earthquake sequences, with epicentres located to the south of the Karaburun Fault. The north–south extension of the Izmir area is corroborated by extension rates up to 140 nanostrain/yr as obtained from our GPS data. We combined the 3-year GPS velocity field with the published velocity field to determine the strain rate pattern in the area. The spatial distribution of b-value reflects the normal background due to the tectonic framework and is corroborated by the geodetic data. b-Values correlate with strain pattern. This relationship suggests that decrease of b-values signifies accumulating strain. 相似文献
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分析了目前井位测量中存在的问题,提出了基于GPS导航定位技术的井位管理测量策略。应用全球定位系统(GPS)技术、通信技术以及计算机技术,构建出井位测量与井位管理子系统,以有效解决利用第三方软件完成GPS数据采集和数据处理产生的数据存储和数据转移使用等方面的诸多不便。实验结果表明,利用GPS技术进行井位测量和管理,可实时获取PVT数据,实时定位井位,提高了井位移动的机动性和灵活性,测量误差小于5m,为井位测量提供切实可行的技术支持。 相似文献