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1.
咸化湖盆混积岩成因机理研究 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
关于海相及淡水湖盆混积岩的研究已相对完善,而针对咸化湖盆混积岩理论的形成及实践应用却鲜有报道,本文旨在系统地阐述咸化湖盆混积岩的成因机理、沉积模式、分布规律,对比其与一般混积岩沉积特征的异同点,并探讨其与油气富集特征的相关性。本文采用矿物学、微观岩石学分析方法进行混积岩矿物组成、沉积特征、储集空间类型研究,采取地质统计分析方法明确混积岩分布规律,并运用物性分析方法对比不同类型混积岩的储集性能。结合柴达木盆地西北区新近系混积岩研究实例,本文创新性地提出了欠补偿咸化湖盆的混积岩成因类型：机械成因的相混合混积岩和生物成因的藻混合混积岩。相混合又可划分为两种亚类：互层型混合、组构型混合;藻混合亦可划分为两种亚类：藻粘结混合、滑塌再混合。建立了咸化湖盆混积岩的沉积模式：混积岩主要发育于三角洲、水下扇、滩坝等碎屑岩沉积体系与湖相碳酸盐岩沉积体系的过渡相带以及藻灰岩发育区。明确了混积岩的分布规律,可归纳为“盆缘互层型、盆内组构型、藻混合局限分布”。混积岩沉积特征对比分析结果表明,任何环境下混积岩形成的先决条件均为碳酸盐岩的生长和聚集,而不同于淡水湖盆及海相混积岩沉积厚度大,生物含量高等特点,咸化湖盆混积岩单层厚度极薄,并发育特殊的藻混积岩类。综合研究认为,藻混合混积岩与油气储层的相关性要大于相混合混积岩。以上成果可为咸化湖盆混积岩,乃至陆相湖泊混合沉积物的成因类型及油气地质意义研究提供借鉴与参考。 相似文献
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Luke J. Wooldridge Richard H. Worden Joshua Griffiths James E. P. Utley 《Sedimentology》2019,66(3):1118-1138
The specific mineralogy of clay grain coats controls the ability of the coat to inhibit quartz cementation in sandstones during prolonged burial and heating. How and why clay‐coat mineralogy varies across marginal marine systems is poorly understood, even though these eogenetic phenomena strongly influence subsequent mesodiagenesis and reservoir quality. The novel development of the ability to predict the distribution of clay‐coat mineralogy would represent an important development for sandstone reservoir quality prediction. In marginal marine sediments, clay minerals occur as grain‐coats, floccules, mud intraclasts, clay‐rich rock fragments or as dispersed material. However, the relationships between clay mineralogy, the amount of clay, and its distribution is poorly understood. This study focused on the Ravenglass Estuary, UK. The key aim was to develop and apply a novel methodology utilising scanning electron microscope – energy dispersive spectrometry, for the first time, on grain coats in modern sediments, to differentiate the clay‐coat mineral signature from that of the bulk sediment, and reveal the distribution of clay minerals across marginal marine sediments. The study showed that marginal marine sediments principally have their clay mineral assemblage present as clay‐coats on sand grains. These clay‐coats have a mixed clay mineralogy and are spatially heterogeneous across the range of marginal‐marine depositional environments. The study further showed that clay‐coat mineralogy is governed initially by the hydrologically‐controlled segregation of the clay minerals within inner estuarine depositional environments, and subsequently by the selective abrasive removal of specific clay mineral types during reworking and transport into the outer estuary and the marine environment. The highest relative abundance of grain‐coating chlorite was in sand‐flat and tidal‐bar depositional environments. The availability of an analogue data set, and an understanding of the controlling processes of clay‐coat mineralogy, offer crucial steps in building a predictive capability for clay‐coat derived elevated reservoir quality in deeply buried sandstones. 相似文献
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Erich Dimhoth 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1975,64(1):751-767
It is possible to apply actualistic principles to the interpretation of the paleoenvironment of iron-rich sedimentary rocks, although few iron-rich sediments form today. The sedimentary textures and structures of cherty iron-formations, Minette-tpye ironstones and limestones are similar. These similarities prove that the hydrodynamic processes of the deposition of the three rock types are the same. Therefore, it is possible to define facies of cherty iron-formations and Minette-type ironstones on the basis of their sedimentary textures and structures, disregarding mineralogy, and to interprete the formative environment by comparison with Recent limestones. Shaly sulfide iron-formation and sideritic clay ironstones are ferriferous mudstones. Methods applied to the interpretation of iron-poor shales may also be applied to these two rock types. The mineralogy of iron-rich sedimentary rocks is determined by diagenetic processes. Depositional organic content of the sediment, sediment texture (which controls diffusivity and permeability) and the groundwater flow system during diagenesis are the primary controls of iron-mineral diagenesis. Paleogeography and basin bathymetry are indirect controls of iron mineralogy, because they affect organic content and sediment texture. 相似文献
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传统的沉积模式认为大部分细粒沉积岩（泥岩或页岩）的沉积发生在相对深水、低能的环境中。作为地表上分布最为广泛的沉积岩类型,泥页岩包含了对重构地质历史时期古地理、古气候的重要信息。泥页岩除了可以作为有效的烃源岩,勘探开发技术的进展更发掘出泥岩作为非常规油气储层的巨大潜力。近十年来,国内外对细粒沉积物的水槽实验、泥岩沉积微相的精细分析、以及泥岩岩相组成特征的研究取得了长足的进展。这些研究对泥岩的沉积过程和沉积模式在不同角度上提供了新的认知。大部分泥岩（甚至包括众多有机质含量高的泥岩）都可能沉积在相对浅水以及水动力条件相对较高的环境中。不同的沉积过程（底部水流）形成不同的泥岩沉积微相,并对有机质在泥岩中的埋藏富集具有重要的控制作用。以晚白垩纪北美西部内陆海道为例,总结在陆棚浅海环境中（最大水深< 200 m）,位于从近岸到远岸（> 500 km）不同沉积环境（包括前三角洲/下邻滨、内陆棚、中陆棚、和外陆棚环境）中的泥岩的主要沉积过程、沉积微相特征、以及富集有机质的潜力。由于沉积过程和沉积环境是决定泥岩成分、沉积相、和岩石物理特征非均质性的首要因素,不同浅海环境中的泥岩相特征和沉积模式可有助于利用泥岩地层进行古地理、古气候的重构,并能够对预测不同陆棚浅海环境中沉积的泥岩作为有效烃源岩或有效储层的潜力提供指导。 相似文献
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渤中凹陷古近系是目前勘探和研究程度相对较低的层位。该地区大面积分布碎屑岩储集体,沉积体系多样化,岩石类型以长石砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩、长石岩屑砂岩为主,储集性能较好,孔隙度较高,储层物性主要受岩石类型、沉积相带、成岩作用,以及埋藏深度等多方面的因素控制。 相似文献
7.
高邮凹陷古近系阜宁组一段沉积特征对储层成岩作用及物性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本次通过对高邮凹陷阜宁组一段38口井的岩芯描述和400余块样品的普通薄片、铸体薄片和扫描电镜的镜下观察以及物性分析和含油性分析等,对储层的岩性、粒度、杂基含量、层理结构、生物扰动构造等因素与储层的成岩现象、物性特征和含油性的关系进行了详细研究,总结了沉积微相对成岩作用、储层物性的影响和与储层含油气性的关系。储层的岩石成分对储层的成岩作用及物性有重要影响,岩屑较软,易被压实和溶解,浅埋藏时,孔隙度和渗透率随着岩屑含量的增大而增大;当埋藏较深时,孔隙度和渗透率随岩屑含量增加而快速下降。储层的粒度对储层的成岩作用及物性也有重要影响,一般随着粒度的增大,孔隙度、渗透率都相应增大。储层的层理类型对成岩作用及物性也有重要影响,块状层理、交错层理或平行层理砂岩的分选性好,杂基含量较低,属于颗粒支撑结构,从而有利于原生孔隙的保存,为后期地下酸性流体对储层的溶蚀改造提供了渗流条件;波状交错层理等砂岩除不具备这一条件外,砂层内部弯曲的纹层给地下流体的流动增加了困难,不利于次生孔隙的发育和油气的进入。沉积微相对储层物性的控制,主要表现在其对原始物性的控制,分选好、原始物性好的储层在埋藏成岩演化过程中,由于对地层流体的流动的阻力小,其储集空间可以由于致密胶结作用完全消失,也可以得到溶蚀改善和保存;但泥质含量高的储层,其原始物性不好,对地层流体的流动阻力大,尤其是油气难于进入,储层主要遭受破坏,而难以得到改善和保存。 相似文献
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重矿物分析对于判断沉积盆地的物源方向和物源区的母岩性质是有效的,但具有局限性：①对无重矿物或者仅能提供极少量重矿物的母岩判别力较差;②它不能准确判断物源区沉积物的主要运移通道。因此,进行盆地物源分析还需要重视综合研究,即①通过重矿物的矿物学、重矿物组合研究,判断物源区的母岩类型,推测母岩岩性演化;②通过沉积岩矿物成分与结构研究,判别物源区是否存在重矿物无法辨认的母岩类型和沉积物的搬运距离;③通过沉积体系分析,尤其是砂分散体系的编图,能有效地判断物源区的方位和圈定各物源的具体影响范围;④利用古构造图判别物源区的主要沉积物运移通道及其方位;⑤编制沉积盆地－物源区古环境图,以此来弥补重矿物分析物源所带来的缺陷。 相似文献
9.
REE示踪沉积物物源研究进展 总被引：101，自引：0，他引：101
ＲＥＥ作为一种重要的沉积物物源示踪剂运用很广。在介绍了ＲＥＥ性质的基础上，对海水、河水、沉积岩、河流及边缘海沉积物中的ＲＥＥ元素丰度与配分模式特征进行了深入综述，概述了影响和控制ＲＥＥ丰度、模式及分馏特征的主要因素；论述了ＲＥＥ的物泊示踪意义以及在国内外应用情况与存在问题：源岩风化对ＲＥＥ分馏的影响；颗粒运及沉积时水动力分选对ＲＥＥ分馏可能造成的影响，即不同粒级中的ＲＥＥ不同的丰度与配分模式和碎屑 相似文献
10.
The magnetic properties of the late Quaternary hemipelagic sediment from piston core BS77-15 taken in the Tyrrhenian Sea were investigated and the results compared with palaeoclimatic records. The magnetic mineralogy of the sediment was studied and the magnetic carriers were identified by their spectra of coercivity and unblocking temperature. Investigations of rock magnetic parameters such as the Natural Remanent Magnetization (NRM), the low-field magnetic susceptibility χ, the frequency-dependent susceptibility χ fd , the acquisition of Anhysteretic Magnetization (ARM) and Isothermal Magnetization (IRM) and the Median Destructive Field (MDF) have established the downcore variations in terms of magnetic mineralogy, grain size and coercivity in the sediments. The rock magnetic parameters were compared with an alternative climatic record from the same core based on the faunal association of planktonic foraminifera. A significant correlation was found between faunal climatic record and χ fd . Together with the magnetic properties of the sediment this suggests that a palaeoclimatic signal is recorded by a fine-grained low-coercivity fraction of the magnetic minerals. 相似文献
11.
Correlation between rock fabrics and physical properties of carbonate reservoir rocks 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Three carbonate core samples from an oil and gas reservoir of the NW German basin were chosen to study the correlation between
rock fabrics and physical properties of reservoir rocks. Detailed fabric analyses and texture investigations were carried
out as well as laboratory measurements of different physical properties, e.g. density, porosity, permeability, electrical
conductivity, seismic compressional and shear wave velocities. Although the three core samples come from a similar depositional
facies, they show great differences in the occurrence and three-dimensional distribution of the rock fabric elements. These
heterogeneities are the result of various diagenetic and tectonic processes. For the correlation between the rock fabrics
and the physical properties four main rock fabric types have to be considered: (a) major constituents, e.g. fossils, ooides,
peloides and crystals; (b) pore space with different pore types; (c) fractures; and (d) stylolites. The results of the correlation
clearly show that the values and anisotropies of the petrophysical properties are fairly related to the observed fabric elements,
with their different arrangements, spatial distributions and preferred orientations. These results also provide a fundamental
understanding of the petrophysical responses, such as seismics, to the different geological features (e.g. fractures) and
their dynamic changes with pressure, which can be converted to different depths. The knowledge gained from such correlations
may lead to an improved interpretation of geophysical data for hydrocarbon exploration and production and therefore to an
advanced reservoir characterization.
Received: 28 January 1999 / Accepted: 21 June 1999 相似文献
12.
三塘湖盆地二叠系芦草沟组喷爆岩岩石学、矿物学特征及相关问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在对新疆北东部三塘湖盆地二叠系芦草沟组黑色细粒岩系进行研究时发现,这套长期被当作由黑色泥岩、凝灰岩和碳酸盐岩组成的岩系里还发育一套既不同于陆源碎屑、内碎屑沉积岩,也不同于热水沉积岩(喷流岩)的岩石,认为是一套以夹层形式发育在纹层状泥/页岩中,由气、液、固三相共存的深源岩浆—热液物质流体上涌进入湖(海)底喷流通道,由喷口喷出后与热液流体或与湖(海)水混合沉积形成的沉积岩—喷爆岩。喷爆岩呈薄层—纹层状展布,矿物组成种类单一,以不稳定、次稳定矿物为主。晶质颗粒碎屑或团块均呈大小混杂、形态各异的棱角状,分选差,分布无规律。基于大量岩芯、岩石薄片观察,结合电子探针及相关数据,以构成岩石碎屑颗粒的主要组成矿物为依据,将喷爆岩分为方解石喷爆岩、白云石喷爆岩、透辉石喷爆岩及长英质喷爆岩四类,并详细论述了各类岩石学、矿物学特征。研究结果显示构成喷爆岩的碎屑颗粒不再是传统认识的来自周缘母岩风化搬运或热液沉淀,而是在陆内裂谷欠补偿湖盆背景下、源自地球内部不同深度、不同性质的岩浆—热液物质流体。在此基础上,对喷爆岩与碎屑沉积岩、火山碎屑岩及喷流岩区别进行讨论,认为喷爆岩分别在矿物组成、物质来源、分布规模、形成方式等方面有别于上述三者。 相似文献
13.
江苏王港潮间带表层沉积物特征及输运趋势 总被引：20，自引：1，他引：19
潮滩沉积物粒度参数可以用来反映沉积物沉积的水动力条件和沉积环境。根据对江苏王港潮间带采集的15 4个表层样品的粒度资料进行分析,结果表明,沉积物类型以粉砂为主;随着水动力环境由海向陆的减弱,沉积物粒度参数表现出有规律的变化趋势,即由岸向海粒径具有粗化趋势,分选变好,逐渐正偏并达到近对称。研究区与世界其他地区的潮滩在沉积特征上有较大差异,主要是由于沉积物来源、水动力环境及受生物作用的强弱程度不同所致。沉积物输运趋势分析显示,该地区沉积物输运主要受当地潮波特征、大型人工建筑物、地貌形态及生物作用的影响;在低潮线附近主要向西北方向输运,随着向陆地方向的延伸,沉积物由向西输运逐渐转变为向南输运。 相似文献
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细粒沉积岩岩相研究是烃源岩和页岩油、致密油储层研究的重要基础,鉴于我国陆相断陷湖盆环境多变和细粒沉积岩类型多样、岩石组合类型复杂的特点,需要进行细粒沉积岩岩相分类。以渤海湾盆地南部古近系细粒沉积岩发育段为研究对象,通过厘米级岩芯观察描述、岩石薄片鉴定、激光共聚焦显微镜观察分析等技术,研究细粒沉积岩基本特征。陆相断陷湖盆细粒沉积岩岩相划分可以按照(1)宏观岩芯精细观察描述,归纳垂向岩石类型组合;(2)分析沉积微环境;(3)对不同岩石类型组合进行X射线全岩矿物衍射和TOC测试,划分岩石类型和岩相大类;(4)微观镜下剖析纹层叠置关系;(5)分析成因和形成机制,对岩亚类细分等5步进行。岩相大类划分要简洁,是为满足油田勘探工作易于操作、建立与常规测井资料之间关系等要求;亚类细分是便于研究微观源储关系、分析沉积微环境和储层微观结构等。 相似文献
15.
断陷湖盆深水重力流水道的识别标志及沉积模式——以歧口凹陷歧南斜坡沙一段为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以歧口凹陷歧南斜坡沙一段的深水厚层砂岩为研究对象,运用地震沉积学基本理论和方法,通过古地貌分析约束物源方向,结合岩心观测描述确定沉积相类型,应用地层切片、反演与三维可视化技术确定空间形态。结果表明:该区广泛发育的深水厚层砂岩为重力流水道沉积,包括滑塌岩、砂质碎屑流砂体与浊积岩3种类型重力流沉积的组合;顺北东向展布的断槽内呈大型条带状展布,可划分为水道中心微相、水道边缘微相和水下漫溢微相;岩心中可识别出7种岩相类型。在沉积特征分析的基础上,建立了发育于斜坡且由顺源断层控制的重力流沉积模式,分析了歧南斜坡重力流水道的成因及其油气成藏特征。研究认为重力流水道是该区一类重要的储集体,具有良好的成藏条件,该成果扩大了歧口凹陷油气勘探领域。 相似文献
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:中国中、新生代陆相沉积盆地主要有 3种类型 ,其巨厚的地层中含有丰富的油气资源。陆相沉积作用所特有的地质条件 ,决定了储集岩的矿物及结构成熟度偏低 ,物性变化大 ,非均质性较强 ,砂体连续性较复杂。储层砂岩与泥岩大多呈薄互层状。储层物性受埋藏深度及成岩作用等因素所控制。在湖盆内储层砂体邻近生烃区 ,油气运移距离短 ,砂体类型决定主要运移方式 (侧向或垂向 )。有利圈闭为岩性、构造岩性、断块及断层等类型。文中按砂体成因归纳出 8种陆相储层成藏型式。 相似文献
18.
Paul J. Fox William F. Ruddiman William B. F. Ryan Bruce C. Heezen 《Tectonophysics》1970,10(5-6):495-513
Igneous and sedimentary rocks recently dredged and cored from the steep western slope of the Beata Ridge provide important data on the composition, age and details of crustal evolution of the rock-types responsible for recorded compressional wave velocities. The sedimentary rock samples also provide new data concerning the age and depositional environment of overlying sedimentary reflectors.
The deepest (4,100 m) dredge haul contains deeply weathered coarsegrained igneous rocks. Nine other hauls, distributed between 4,000–2,300 m, contain holocrystalline basalts and diabases. The compressional wave velocity of air-dried samples of two holocrystalline basalts and a diabase at atmospheric pressure ranges from 5.0–5.6 km/sec. Sampling in depths less than 2,300 m shows that the crest of the Beata Ridge is capped by Quaternary deposits underlain by consolidated carbonate sediment of at least Middle Eocene age. The faunal assemblages of the Mid-Eocene samples are the product of normal accumulation in a shallow shelf environment.
The dredging results coupled with previously published seismic reflection and refraction data, suggest that the 5.4–5.7 km/sec crust is composed of a layer of basalt and diabase which outcrops below 2,300 m, on a fault-generated escarpment that was produced in the Late Cretaceous-Early Tertiary. The shallow shelf samples of Eocene age indicate that the Beata Ridge was higher in the Early Tertiary and has subsided subsequently to its present depth. 相似文献
19.
微生物碳酸盐岩油气储层研究现状与展望 总被引：10，自引：5，他引：5
微生物碳酸盐岩是一种重要的油气储集岩。在中国古老深埋碳酸盐岩地层中它们是主要的岩石类型。微生物碳酸盐岩通常可划分为叠层石、凝块石、树枝石、均一石和核形石等五种类型。储层孔隙系统与微生物岩的沉积结构和构造密切相关,窗格孔（洞）和格架孔（洞）是主要储集空间类型。全球中新元古界至中生界都发现了以微生物碳酸盐岩为储层的油气田,资源潜力巨大。 微生物岩储层的岩石类型、沉积构造、相序结构、沉积模式和储层有利相带尚有许多不明晰之处,是今后进一步深化研究的重点方向。 相似文献
20.
松辽盆地十屋油田属于构造-岩性油气藏。营城组发育正常沉积岩、火山熔岩、凝灰岩、沉凝灰岩和凝灰质砂岩,岩石中不同程度地含有火山碎屑物质。火山碎屑的含量,不仅决定了岩石类型,而且影响储层物性。与火山作用有关的岩石类型及其分布反映了物源区的特征。岩心的岩性识别虽然精准,但数量与分布有限,影响到确定物源-沉积体系的类型与分布。测井资料的岩性识别,特别是含有火山碎屑岩石的识别可以弥补取心不足造成的限制。十屋油田不同层位岩石中K元素测井值的对比,相同层位岩石中的U、Th元素测井参数交会图,GR、DEN、CNL、AC、Rt、RMSFL测井参数的玫瑰图和GR-PE、GR-DEN测井参数交会图,对十屋油田营城组Ⅳ-Ⅴ砂组与火山作用有关的岩石实现了有效的岩性识别,形成了测井识别模式。测井识别岩性和岩心识别岩性相结合,确定了研究区5种岩石类型分区,证明了松辽盆地十屋油田营城组Ⅳ-Ⅴ砂组来自火山岩物源、再旋回沉积岩源区的正常碎屑岩物源、受花岗岩影响的正常碎屑岩物源、受花岗岩和火山岩影响的正常碎屑岩物源以及混合区域物源沉积体系的存在与分布范围。 相似文献