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《矿物学报》2017,(4)
北大巴山城口地区广泛发育富集V、Ag、Se等多种元素的下寒武统黑色岩系,但是否存在铂族元素矿化以及来源一直存在争议。本文利用ICP-MS方法测定了城口地区孙家坝剖面下寒武统鲁家坪组(对应牛蹄塘组)黑色岩系多金属富集层的铂族元素(PGE)、Au和Ag含量,在判断铂族元素异常的基础上,利用铂族元素地球化学特征探讨其来源。结果表明,该剖面黑色岩系样品具有较高的PGE含量(32.2~142.5 ng/g),平均88.9 ng/g,与上地壳平均值对比具有明显的PGE富集特征;同时金、银也具有较高的含量,平均值分别为40.2 ng/g和31.7μg/g。铂族元素配分模式表现为相对富集Pd、Pt、Os、Ru,亏损Ir、Rh,依据Ir含量以及与球粒陨石的对比分析,认为鲁家坪组黑色岩系PGE不具备地外物质来源。铂族元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式、PGE含量顺序及铂族元素相关图解显示其来源可能与海底热水作用关系密切。有机碳和PGE含量之间没有明显相关性,表明有机质可能是通过改变氧化还原条件导致PGE进一步富集。城口地区埃迪卡拉纪-寒武纪过渡阶段海底热水作用和PGE异常的识别不仅对于理解黑色岩系型矿床的成因,而且对全球重大事件如寒武纪生命大爆发的认识都具有重要意义。 相似文献
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陕西太白金矿含金角砾岩中铂族元素特征 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
采用硫镍火法试金(NiS-FA)结合电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)分析了太白金矿硫化物和含金角砾岩中铂族元素的含量,结果显示,与秦岭地区八卦庙相比铂族元素含量较高,而低于原始地幔,其中铂(Pt)、钯(Pd)、钌(Ru)富集,并结合前人研究资料对铂族元素的来源和迁移机制进行探讨。铂族元素可能受深源的影响,IPGE(Ir、Os、Ru)可能主要以硫化物形式存在而PPGE(Rh、Pt、Pd)可能主要以单质存在。 相似文献
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硫化铜镍矿床中伴生的铂族元素以Pt、Pd为主,Os、Ru、Ir、Rh含量通常较低,但价格比Pt、Pd昂贵得多.如何综合评价这些含量较低的伴生铂族元素是普查勘探工作应解决的问题之一.一种作法是将主金属Ni、Cu及6种铂族元素一并列入样品的基本分析项目,这样做便于储量计算,但将增加试金分析工作量,影响矿床勘探速度;另一种作法是只将Ni、Cu、Pt、Pd列入基本分析项目,其余4种伴生铂族元素仅在组合分析样品中进行测定,这样虽节省大量试金分析,却又给储量计算带来困难.本文应用一元线性回归分析方法,尝试依据若干代表性钻孔含铂矿石的基本分析数据,利用Os、Ru、Ir、Rh含量的密切相关关系建立预报方程,以期在只测定矿石中Ru含量的前提下,对Os、Ir、Rh品位进行预报,并讨论了预报的精确度和实际应用的可能性. 相似文献
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黔西地区峨眉山玄武岩（东岩区）铂族元素地球化学特征 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
利用同位素稀释-等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)方法测定了黔西水域、威宁等地的东岩区峨眉山玄武岩的铂族元素含量。结果表明，相对于原始地幔，东岩区峨眉山玄武岩的铂族元素发生了较强的分异作用，Os、Ir、Ru、Rh亏损，Pd、Pt发生富集，相对配分模式为Pd-Pt富集型；经球粒陨石及原始地幔标准化的铂族元素配分模式为向左陡倾斜型，具有陡的正斜率，Pd／Ir显著高于原始地幔、球粒陨石、原始上地幔等，而与地幔低度熔融形成的N-MORB、大陆拉斑玄武岩等接近，表明峨眉山玄武岩的物质来源为上地幔熔融程度偏低的玄武岩浆。 相似文献
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方解石作为木落稀土矿床常见的脉石矿物,其中的铂族元素(简称PGE)地球化学特征有可能记录了地质流体的性质。采用ICP-MS分析木落方解石中PGE的含量,并对铂族元素的分布、相关性、成因进行了探讨。木落方解石可以分为两类:I型方解石和Ⅱ型方解石。I型方解石中∑PGE(不含Os)0.62～1.33ng/g,具相对低的Pd/Pt、Pd/Rh、Pd/Ru、Pd/Ir比值,不太显著的Pt-Pd分配模式,为岩浆成因方解石,与成矿作用密切相关;Ⅱ型方解石中∑PGE(不含Os)1.85～2.97ng/g,具相对高的Pd/Pt、Pd/Rh、Pd/Ru、Pd/Ir比值和显著的Pt-Pd分配模式,为热液成因方解石,代表了成矿作用后的一期地质流体作用,与成矿关系不大,仅局部地区存在改造前次流体作用形成的稀土矿体。富CO2热液具有携带PGE的能力,并能够导致PGE的分异,与富CO2岩浆相比,富CO2热液对铂族元素具有一定程度的富集作用。 相似文献
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煎茶岭硫化镍矿床的铂族元素地球化学特征及其意义 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
采用ICP-MS分析方法对煎茶岭硫化镍矿床岩石及矿石的铂族元素地球化学研究表明,煎茶岭矿床蛇纹岩的Cu/Pd值低于原生地幔岩浆的Cu/Pd值,说明岩浆熔离作用较弱,其Au/Pd值反映存在后期变质热液成矿作用镍矿石的Pd/Ir比值变化较小,指示其多数矿石属于岩浆型,尽管岩浆活动弱,但以岩浆成矿作用为主。该硫化镍矿床的铂族元素特征参数(Pt/(Pt Pd)、(Pt Pd)/(Ru Ir Os)、Pd/Ir及Cu/(Ni Cu)等)具有过渡特征,这与其处于过渡的构造环境、特殊的岩浆性质和复杂的成矿作用有关煎茶岭镍矿床成矿过程中有壳源物质的混染,整体上岩、矿石铂族元素含量较低,这与其岩浆熔离作用弱,PGE成矿作用不发育等因素有关 相似文献
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黔西玄武岩铂、钯地球化学特征与存在状态 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黔西玄武岩中铂族元素丰度较高，其含量变化顺序为Pt〉Pd〉Ru〉Ir〉Rh，表现为Pt、Pd富集，而Os、Ir、Ru、Rh亏损，说明在地幔熔融形成玄武岩的过程中，铂族元素已发生了明显的分异。在分析黔西玄武岩中Pt、Pd岩石载体所处的大地构造背景、含铂（族）矿床的可能类型和岩石化学特征与Pt、Pd可能存在状态的关系的基础上，研究了黔西玄武岩中Pt、Pd存在状态。结果表明，其状态分属硫化物态．金属互化物态、类质同像亲石态和吸附态，且各状态丰度值依次减少。 相似文献
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湘、黔下寒武统黑色岩系型Ni、Mo矿床中有机质与PGE成矿作用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
湘、黔地区张家界、遵义一带分布有黑色岩系型Ni-Mo-PGE矿床,测试分析表明黑色页岩样品铂族元素含量特征参数∑PGE、Ln(Pd/Pt)、(Ru/Ir)×(Pd/Pt)、Ln[(Ru/Ir)×(Pd/Pt)]均与有机质含量特征参数有较好的相关性.趋势分析显示,铂族元素含量特征参数Ln[(Ru/Ir)×(Pd/Pt)]与总有机碳含量特征参数Ln(Corg)有很好的线性相关,线性相关公式为y=0.4762x-1.1316,相关系数R为0.7584,说明该参数为一稳定性参数,主要受有机质总量决定,集中反映了生物制约性.而与湖南张家界样品有机碳含量Ln(Corg)与铂族元素含量∑PGE同步正消长关系不一样,即贵州遵义地区铂族元素总量∑PGE与有机碳含量的相关性表现出的不一致的规律,可以解释为后生期的热事件(印支海西期,Rb-Sr等时线年龄277±37Ma)导致有机质干酪根的高成熟化、大量生过气(C>2%)和石墨化趋势,或者说是芳构化效应改变了源岩有机质而导致了有机质的损耗. 相似文献
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Genesis of the Jinchuan PGE deposit, China: evidence from fluid inclusions, mineralogy and geochemistry of precious elements 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Summary The Jinchuan deposit is a platinum group element (PGE)-rich sulfide deposit in China. Drilling and surface sampling show that
three categories of platinum group element (PGE) mineralization occur; type I formed at magmatic temperatures, type II occurs
in hydrothermally altered zones of the intrusion, and type III in sheared dunite and lherzolite. All ore types were analyzed
for Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Pd, Pt and Au, as well as for Cu, Ni, Co and S. Type I ore has (Pt + Pd)/(Os + Ir + Ru + Rh) ratios of
<7 and relatively flat chondrite-normalized noble metal patterns; the platinum group minerals (PGM) are dominated by sperrylite
and moncheite associated with chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite and pentlandite. Type II has (Pt + Pd)/(Os + Ir + Ru + Rh) ratios from
40 to 330 and noble metal distribution patterns with a positive slope; the most common PGM are sperrylite and Pd bismuthotelluride
phases concentrated mostly at the margins of base metal sulfides. Type III ores have the highest (Pt + Pd)/(Os + Ir + Ru +
Rh) ratios from 240 to 710; the most abundant PGM are sperrylite and phases of the Pt–Pd–Te–Bi–As–Cl system. It is concluded
that the Jinchuan deposit formed as a result of primary magmatic crystallization followed by hydrothermal remobilization,
transport, and deposition of the PGE. 相似文献
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Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was used to measure distributions of the siderophile elements V, Fe, Co, Ni, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, and Au in Fremdlinge with a spatial resolution of 15 to 25 μm. A sulfide vein in a refractory inclusion in Allende (CV3-oxidized) is enriched in Rh, Ru, and Os with no detectable Pd, Re, Ir, or Pt, indicating that Rh, Ru, and Os were redistributed by sulfidation of the inclusion, causing fractionation of Re/Os and other siderophile element ratios in Allende CAIs. Fremdlinge in compact Type-A inclusions from Efremovka (CV3-reduced) exhibit subsolidus exsolution into kamacite and taenite and minimal secondary formation of V-magnetite and schreibersite. Siderophile element partitioning between taenite and kamacite is similar to that observed previously in iron meteorites, while preferential incorporation of the light PGEs (Ru, Rh, Pd) relative to Re, Os, Ir, and Pt by schreibersite was observed. Fremdling EM2 (CAI Ef2) has an outer rim of P-free metal that preserves the PGE signature of schreibersite, indicating that EM2 originally had a phosphide rim and lost P to the surrounding inclusion during secondary processing. Most Fremdlinge have chondrite-normalized refractory PGE patterns that are unfractionated, with PGE abundances derived from a small range of condensation temperatures, ∼1480 to 1468 K at Ptot = 10−3 bar. Some Fremdlinge from the same CAI exhibit sloping PGE abundance patterns and Re/Os ratios up to 2 × CI that likely represent mixing of grains that condensed at various temperatures. 相似文献
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Liang Qi Mei-Fu Zhou Zheng Zhao Jing Hu Yan Huang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,64(6):1683-1692
The emission of platinum group elements (PGE) from automobile catalytic converters has led to enrichment of PGE in road dusts
and roadside soils in urban areas that are well above the natural background levels. This paper evaluates the source of contamination
of all the PGE and Au in road dusts and roadside soils in the Pearl River Delta region, including three major cities, Shenzhen,
Guangzhou and Hong Kong, South China. Samples were digested using Carius tube and analyzed by isotope dilution ICP-MS; Os
was separated by distillation and other PGE by Te-coprecipitation. All samples have elevated PGE concentrations above the
background values of uncontaminated soils and contain higher Pt, Pd and Rh than other PGE. The maximum values are 181 ng/g
Pt, 514 ng/g Pd, 53 ng/g Rh and 1345 ng/g Au. There are clear positive correlations between Pt and Pd, Pt and Rh, and Pd and
Rh, indicating that the main emitted of PGE from automobile catalyst are Pt, Pd and Rh. High concentrations of Au were also
found in road dust samples from Hong Kong and Shenzhen. Dust samples with higher Os contents have lower 187Os/188Os ratios. Samples from Hong Kong show relatively high Pt/Rh ratios. Positive correlations between Pt and Ru, and Pt and Ir
were found in Shenzhen and Hong Kong, but only positive correlations between Pt and Ir were found in Guangzhou. These different
characteristics reflect different automobile catalytic systems used in Hong Kong and mainland China. 相似文献
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《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2014,55(2):259-272
Data are presented on chromitites from the northern and southern sheets of the Il’chir ophiolite complex (Ospa–Kitoi and Khara-Nur (Kharanur) massifs). The new and published data are used to consider similarities and differences between ore chrome-spinel from the chromitites of the northern and southern ophiolite sheets as well as the species diversity of PGE minerals and the evolution of PGE mineralization. Previously unknown PGE minerals have been found in the studied chromitites.Ore chrome-spinel in the chromitites from the northern sheet occurs in medium- and low-alumina forms, whereas the chromitites from the southern sheet contain only medium-alumina chrome-spinel. The PGE minerals in the chromitites from the southern sheet are Os–Ir–Ru solid solutions as well as sulfides and sulfoarsenides of these metals. The chromitites from the northern sheet contain the same PGE minerals and diverse Rh–Pt–Pd mineralization: Pt–Ir–Ru–Os and isoferroplatinum with Ir and Os–Ir–Ru lamellae. Areas of altered chromitites contain a wide variety of low-temperature secondary PGE minerals: Pt–Cu, Pt–Pd–Cu, PdHg, Rh2SnCu, RhNiAs, PtAs2, and PtSb2. The speciation of the PGE minerals is described along with multiphase intergrowths. The relations of Os–Ir–Ru solid solutions with laurite and irarsite are considered along with the microstructure of irarsite–osarsite–ruarsite solid solutions. Zoned Os–Ir–Ru crystals have been found. Zone Os82–99 in these crystals contains Ni3S2 inclusions, which mark off crystal growth zones. Different sources of PGE mineralization are presumed for the chromitites from the northern and southern sheets.The stages of PGE mineralization have been defined for the chromitites from the Il’chir ophiolite belt. The Pt–Ir–Ru–Os and (Os, Ru)S2 inclusions in Os–Ir–Ru solid solutions might be relics of primitive-mantle PGE minerals. During the partial melting of the upper mantle, Os–Ir–Ru and Pt–Fe solid solutions formed syngenetically with the chromitites. During the late-magmatic stage, Os–Ir–Ru solid solutions were replaced by sulfides and sulfarsenides of these metals. Mantle metasomatism under the effect of reduced mantle fluids was accompanied by PGE remobilization and redeposition with the formation of the following assemblage: garutiite (Ni,Fe,Ir), zaccariniite (RhNiAs), (Ir,Ni,Cu)S3, Pt–Cu, Pt–Cu–Fe–Ni, Cu–Pt–Pd, and Rh–Cu–Sn–Sb. The zoned Os–Ir–Ru crystals in the chromitites from the northern sheet suggest dissolution and redeposition of Os–Ir–Ru primary-mantle solid solutions by bisulfide complexes. Most likely, the PGE remobilization took place during early serpentinization at 450–600 ºC and 13–16 kbar.During the crustal metamorphic stage, tectonic movements (obduction) and a change from reducing to oxidizing conditions were accompanied by the successive transformation of chrome-spinel into ferrichromite–chrome-magnetite with the active participation of a metamorphic fluid enriched in crustal components. The orcelite–maucherite–ferrichromite–sperrylite assemblage formed in epidote-amphibolitic facies settings during this stage.The PGE mineral assemblage reflects different stages in the formation of the chromitites and dunite-harzburgite host rocks and their transformation from primitive mantle to crustal metamorphic processes. 相似文献
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Determination of Platinum‐Group Elements in Geological Samples by Isotope Dilution‐Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Mass Spectrometry Combined with Sulfide Fire Assay Preconcentration 
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下载免费PDF全文 Minghao Ren Yali Sun Christina Yan Wang Shengling Sun 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2016,40(1):67-83
A method was developed for the determination of platinum‐group elements (PGE) in geological samples by isotope dilution‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry combined with sulfide fire assay preconcentration. Samples were fused and PGE analytes were concentrated in sulfide buttons. The buttons were dissolved using HCl leaving PGE analytes in insoluble residues, which were digested in HNO3 and simultaneously processed for the distillation of Os. The remaining solutions were further prepared for the purification of Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir and Pt using a tandem assembly of cation and Ln resin columns. The eluents were directly analysed by membrane desolvation‐ICP‐MS. Ruthenium, Pd, Os, Ir and Pt were determined by isotope dilution, whereas Rh was determined by conventional reference material calibration combined with 193Ir as the internal standard element. The method was validated using a series of PGE reference materials, and the measurement data were consistent with the recommended and the literature values. The measurement precision was better than 10% RSD. The procedural blanks were 0.121 ng for Ru, 0.204 for Rh, 0.960 ng for Pd, 0.111 ng for Os, 0.045 ng for Ir and 0.661 ng for Pt, and the limits of detection (3s) were 0.011 ng g?1 for Ru, 0.008 ng g?1 for Rh, 0.045 ng g?1 for Pd, 0.009 ng g?1 for Os, 0.006 ng g?1 for Ir and 0.016 ng g?1 for Pt when a test portion mass of 10 g was used. This indicates that the proposed method can be used for the determination of trace amounts of PGE in geological samples. 相似文献
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Li Shengrong 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》1999,10(1):2
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＬｏｗｅｒＣａｍｂｒｉａｎｂｌａｃｋｒｏｃｋｓｅｒｉｅｓｅｘｉｓｔｓｂｒｏａｄｌｙｉｎｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎ１０ｐｒｏｖｉｎｃｅｓｉｎＳｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａ（Ｃｈｅｎｅｔａｌ．,１９９０）．Ｔｈｅｂｏｔｏｍｏｆｔｈｅｓｅｒｉｅｓｓｐｏ... 相似文献
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《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2001,65(16):2789-2806
Fourteen peridotite xenoliths collected in the Massif Central neogene volcanic province (France) have been analyzed for platinum-group elements (PGE), Au, Cu, S, and Se. Their total PGE contents range between 3 and 30 ppb and their PGE relative abundances from 0.01 to 0.001 × CI-chondrites, respectively. Positive correlations between total PGE contents and Se suggest that all of the PGE are hosted mainly in base metal sulfides (monosulfide solid solution [Mss], pentlandite, and Cu-rich sulfides [chalcopyrite/isocubanite]). Laser ablation microprobe-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analyses support this conclusion while suggesting that, as observed in experiments on the Cu-Fe-Ni-S system, the Mss preferentially accommodate refractory PGEs (Os, Ir, Ru, and Rh) and Cu-rich sulfides concentrate Pd and Au. Poikiloblastic peridotites pervasively percolated by large silicate melt fractions at high temperature (1200°C) display the lowest Se (<2.3 ppb) and the lowest PGE contents (0.001 × CI-chondrites). In these rocks, the total PGE budget inherited from the primitive mantle was reduced by 80%, probably because intergranular sulfides were completely removed by the silicate melt. In contrast, protogranular peridotites metasomatized by small fractions of volatile-rich melts are enriched in Pt, Pd, and Au and display suprachondritic Pd/Ir ratios (1.9). The palladium-group PGE (PPGE) enrichment is consistent with precipitation of Cu-Ni-rich sulfides from the metasomatic melts. In spite of strong light rare earth element (LREE) enrichments (Ce/YbN < 10), the three harzburgites analyzed still display chondrite-normalized PGE patterns typical of partial melting residues, i.e., depleted in Pd and Pt relative to Ir and Ru. Likewise, coarse-granular lherzolites, a common rock type in Massif Central xenoliths, display Pd/Ir, Ru/Ir, Rh/Ir, and Pt/Ir within the 15% uncertainty range of chondritic meteorites. These rocks do not contradict the late-veneer hypothesis that ascribes the PGE budget of the Earth to a late-accreting chondritic component; however, speculations about this component from the Pd/Ir and Pt/Ir ratios of basalt-borne xenoliths may be premature. 相似文献
18.
Kaveh Pazand Firuz Aliniya Yousef Ghanbari Hossein Hassani Nasrin Aghavali 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2011,5(5):1021-1029
Platinum group elements (PGE) enrichment occurs in Zn–Cu and Ni-rich ophiolities in a number of geological settings. Platinum group elements (PGE) mineralization in Pyroxenite from the Faryab ophiolities of Zagros belt in south Iran was studied. The ophiolite rocks represent blocks of Tethyan oceanic crust that were emplaced on the continental margin during the late Cretaceous period. Much of lower ophiolitic section is composed of homogeneous harzburgite, while upper sections harzburgite interlayer with dunite and pyroxenite are included. This study focused on pyroxenite that includes most of sulfide mineralization in Faryab. More than 500 samples were investigated from polished thin sections; that cover all area of Faryab. The sulfide phases include pyrrhotite, pentlandite, millerite, violarite, smythite, and heazlewoodite. The results show that in almost all the samples Os is below the 2 ppb detection limit, Platinum values vary from <5 to 91 ppb and the light PGE (Ru, Rh, and Pd) relative to the heavy PGE (Os, Ir, and Pt) are more concentrated. Calculation showed that in pyroxenites Pd–Pt is occurring with orthopyroxenite and Rh–Os is occurring in clinopyroxenite. Ni/Pd ratios in Faryab vary between 7 and 356 and Pd/Ir ratio is 0.1–27. This indicates that in Faryab area partial melt of mantle occurred. Pd/Rh ratio in Faryab is 0.1–11, and Pd/Pt varies between 0.2 and 1.5. Pd/Ir ratio in Faryab decreases and shows that PGE in Faryab occurred. 相似文献
19.
金川铜镍硫化物矿床岩浆通道型矿体地质地球化学特征 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
金川铜镍硫化物矿床6行富铜（铂族）矿体曾因Cu、Pt、Pd等含量明显高于相邻其它矿体而被认为是岩浆期后热液叠加作用的产物,研究发现,空间上该矿体受断层构造控制,在矿石组构、矿物组成和硫同位素组成方面与相邻岩浆融离型1号矿体一致,显示了该矿体岩浆成矿作用的特征。在元素地球化学方面,6行富铜（铂族）矿体的Cu、Ni、Pt、Pd含量及Cu/Ni比值明显高于1号主矿体,而Os、Ir、Rh、Ru却明显低于后者,同时,前者相对富含LREE,轻、重稀土分异程度高于后者。根据硫化物结晶分异过程中金属元素分配规律及稀土元素特征,阐明了6行富铜（铂族）矿体为岩浆通道型矿体,是岩浆硫化物晚期结晶的产物。矿区中西部存在的Cu、Ni、Pt、Pd、Au等含量高,而Os、Ir、Rh、Ru含量低的部位,是寻找岩浆通道型矿体的有利部位。 相似文献
20.
中国铬铁矿的铂族元素分布特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用NiS溶解和Te沉淀方法富集铂族元素（PGE），制成镍扣，再溶解于浓HCl中，使PGE和Te一起沉淀。制备的样品溶液在ELAN－5000型电感耦合等离子质谱仪（ICP－MS）上分析PGE。中国铬铁矿矿石，包括蛇绿岩套中的豆荚状铬铁矿床、非层状侵入体铬铁矿，计13个矿床（化）样品，其PGE模式表明，主要呈RU正异常模式，个别不同模式是由母岩不同以及铂族元素矿化叠加引起的。铬铁矿的PGE模式不取决于铬铁矿的化学成分，而取决于其母岩性质以及形成温度和铂族元素的熔点。 相似文献