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1.
汉语地名时空信息的一体化表达   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
地名信息中蕴含着丰富的地名时空信息,而目前已建立的大部分地名数据库,从信息内容看,描述了历史地名信息,但忽略了时空信息;从信息结构看,存在描述的范围、完备性和丰富性等方面的差异,缺乏统一的数据结构.该文通过分析地名及其相关信息内容,设计了能够较为完善地表达地名实体、时间信息、空间信息、属性信息和地名空间关系等时空一体化的地名数据库规范,包括地名数据库的结构和数据组织.该研究成果有助于拓展地名数据库在公共卫生、数据信息管理、文化历史和基于文本的地理参考自动化等领域的应用服务.  相似文献   

2.
时间尺度是时空数据模型中重要的要素,决定着对地理信息刻画和描述的详细程度,在时空数据库中,时间粒度对于时空拓扑关系描述具有决定性的影响。该文对时间的基本元素进行了形式化定义,在数轴上把时间基于集合论划分为3部分,并对两个时间要素划分的集合求交,从而建立地理事件间的线性时间拓扑关系形式化描述的9交模型,在此基础上探讨了时间粒度变化对地理事件间线性时间拓扑关系的影响,并进行了实例分析。  相似文献   

3.
基于事件语义的地籍管理信息系统时空建模   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
在分析地籍管理信息系统对时空信息需求的基础上,引入事件语义描述,提出了基于事件语义的地籍管理信息系统时空模型,该模型通过描述事件的五个方面<对象、时间、空间、事件、属性(专题)>,记录宗地变更过程,建立时空模型,并根据地籍管理对时空数据的需求,分别从时间点、时间段角度对历史信息进行查询和回溯,验证了模型的有效性。  相似文献   

4.
基于对象的GIS时空数据模型设计方法   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
GIS时空数据模型是描述空间实体的时间特性和空间特性的有机体,是GIS存储、再现、分析动态的现实世界的基础.该文采用面向对象的思想将地理实体抽象为空间对象,对空间对象的空间几何信息、属性信息、时间信息进行封装,提出了基于对象的GIS时空数据模型的构建方法.重点探讨了基于对象的地理实体描述方法、空间对象的时态特征和时态数据的存储方法,为时空信息的有机集成、共享管理、决策分析与应用提供了关于时空数据组织与管理模式的新思路.  相似文献   

5.
定性GIS在时空间行为研究中的应用   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
定性GIS已经成为地理学混合研究方法的重要组成部分,通过扎根理论并与可视化结合、GIS和民族志整合等途径,对时空间行为研究产生了深远的影响。其通过文本或非文本质性材料与GIS地理特征的整合,形成了时空行为研究中独特的地理环境系统与空间机制分析,一个重要的前沿领域就是地理叙事在时间地理学研究中的应用。时间地理学是研究人类时空行为的重要视角,但由于对个体主观性及行为的社会文化因素的相对忽视等原因,受到了一定的质疑。近年来以GIS为代表的地理空间技术的定性分析与表达,为时间地理学融入质性分析提供了方法论基础。关美宝创建的基于GIS的地理叙事方法,通过借鉴叙事分析的一般方法尤其是三维叙事空间分析,结合时间地理学概念框架,开发了基于GIS平台的计算机辅助叙事分析组件(3D-VQGIS),实现了在GIS内可视化的、循环交互的叙事分析,为定性GIS发展中GIS与叙事分析方法的融合做出了贡献。将地理叙事方法用于时空行为研究,可以为时间地理学方法创造一个更便于理解与解释研究对象日常行为的地理环境,为其融入行为与主体的质性分析提供从数据整合、数据分析到解释与展示的一整套研究方法与具体操作工具。  相似文献   

6.
牛超 《地理教学》2021,(1):8-13
地理时间思维是主观思维对客观地理事象时间存在及其特征的反映。依照地理事象历时变化与共时关联的存在形式,地理时间思维分为历时思维与共时思维。地理时间思维具有动态性、关联性、尺度性、预见性与时效性的特征。本文基于地理时间思维的基本内涵与特征表现,解析了近年高考文科综合能力测试(地理)全国卷中蕴含的时间思维及其特征的体现,意在通过地理时间思维的视野,对地理现象与地理问题形成不同层面的认识,促进与深化对地理“综合思维”的理解。  相似文献   

7.
构建时空本体的出发点是它能显式地表达地理时空数据所蕴含的学科感知知识,能有效实现不同学科间的信息共享.该文从本体论的角度,对动态变化的地理现象和事物概化,并归纳为时空对象本体、时空事件本体和时空过程本体;从数据库的实现角度,对三类本体进行增强型语义描述、概念化模型图论、元组表达和语义增强型查询.该模型注重描述和表达地理现象和事物的动态变化,也注重描述变化成因.最后,应用该模型研究海冰变化,以验证模型的实用性.  相似文献   

8.
时间地理核密度估计是经典核密度估计(KDE)基于时间地理的一种扩展,主要是将标准核函数的定义域扩展至时间地理的时空可达域,以通过增强定义域在时空方面的物理意义来避免非零密度被分配到可达域之外的问题。时空可达域包括时空碟和由时空碟复合而成的潜在路径区域(PPA)。这2类可达域用作核函数的定义域能解决上述问题,但也带来了新的问题。基于时空碟构建的核函数能叠加成PPA上的概率密度,但敏感于时空碟的时间点。而基于PPA构建的核函数相较于理想布朗桥模型缺乏双峰特性,且也不能生成时空碟上的概率密度函数。因此,时间地理与KDE相结合的研究还处于应用前的理论探索阶段,论文的目标就是对这一进程进行梳理并引出未来的发展趋势。论文围绕时空轨迹不确定性量化这一目标,首先回顾了时间地理与核密度估计的不同功用,然后对两者相融合的意义、框架和模式进行了阐述。最后,认为时间地理的可达域代替核密度估计的定义域是改进时空轨迹不确定性测度的重要手段,但距离目标的落地还有一定的距离。  相似文献   

9.
以2020年第6号台风“米克拉”为例,采集了5916条新浪微博作为数据源,综合应用隐含狄利克雷分布(Latent Dirichlet Allocation,LDA)主题模型、文本情感分析方法和空间分析技术,挖掘、分析台风的灾情时空过程。基于LDA主题模型建立了主题-词矩阵并进行隐含主题聚类,这些微博文本被分为灾损类信息、预警类信息、防御类信息和无关信息;从主题信息和文本情感值两个角度入手,对此次台风事件网络舆情的演化过程进行分析。结果表明:“米克拉”登陆前有大量积极情感的微博,主要包含渴望降雨、降温等信息,此类微博大量分布在漳州、厦门、福州等地区;在台风入境后消极情感的微博大量增多,主要描述道路、树木等受大风和大雨影响的灾损类信息,此类信息的空间位置主要分布在漳州和厦门,能较好地反映台风灾害影响的时空分布。通过对微博主题类别和情感极性进行时空分析,实现台风灾害事件发展趋势的监测,为防灾减灾提供参考依据。  相似文献   

10.
本文构建了一个基于“时间-空间图(Time-Space Map)”的技术方法模型,用于分析交通网络建设给地理空间带来的时空压缩效应.现有基于可达性评价模型的“空间格局分析法”只能描述网络整体效率变化,而“等时圈分析法”局限于节点分析,两者都无法完整展现区域时空压缩.本文集成了网络大数据抓取技术、统计分析技术和可视化技术,通过绘制“时空图”实现区域时空压缩的可视化.首先,该方法利用网络大数据抓取技术,通过网络地图路径导航服务获取距离数据矩阵;然后,运用多尺度分析方法(Multidimensional Scaling),用通行时间(距离)取代欧氏距离计算求得最佳拟合空间,并对拟合误差进行估算和检验.最后,将拟合空间与地理空间在三维空间中叠加,观察和分析拟合空间的拉伸、延展、扭曲效果,总结区域时空压缩整体特点.在此基础上,以湖南省为案例绘制出了各地县级城市在现状公路网联系下的通行距离和通行时间时空图.研究验证了时空图在区域时空压缩格局可视化上的有效性和直观性,并在解读时空图集聚、偏移和皱起的基础上,提出改善省内公路网络可达性均衡的政策建议.  相似文献   

11.
Several application domains require handling spatio‐temporal data. However, traditional Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and database models do not adequately support temporal aspects of spatial data. A crucial issue relates to the choice of the appropriate granularity. Unfortunately, while a formalisation of the concept of temporal granularity has been proposed and widely adopted, no consensus exists on the notion of spatial granularity. In this paper, we address these open problems, by proposing a formal definition of spatial granularity and by designing a spatio‐temporal framework for the management of spatial and temporal information at different granularities. We present a spatio‐temporal extension of the ODMG type system with specific types for defining multigranular spatio‐temporal properties. Granularity conversion functions are introduced to obtain attributes values at different spatial and temporal granularities.  相似文献   

12.
The study site, a salt pan in the northwest of Baja California, Mexico,has a surface area of 33.2 ha and water capacity of 216,072m3. It is intermittently isolated from the adjacent ocean by asand bar, so that flooding via the coastal plain is a low frequency eventassociated with extreme storm conditions. Temporal changes in water volumewere represented by a particular expression of the mass conservationequation having as variables the volumetric capacity of the system, waterinputs by pluvial precipitation, runoff and infiltration, and water loss byevaporation; the numerical model explained over 80 per cent of observedfluctuations. The hydrobiological study covered a three-year period and twohydrological cycles; the first one was of mixed marine and pluvial origin,and the second, continental. Throughout the first cycle, phosphate andnitrate concentrations were up to one order of magnitude higher as weretotal particulate protein, chlorophyll a and phytoplankton abundance. Ingeneral, nannoplankton abundance was up to three orders of magnitude greaterthan the microphlanktonic fraction. In the former, 29 different cell formswere observed; two halophytic bacteria constituted 60–80 per cent ofthat fraction. In the microplankton, there were 27 different forms; mostwere benthic diatoms. The zooplanktonic assemblages of the first cycle hadmarine and continental elements; at 141 per mille, Artemia sp. firstappeared; at 240 per mille, it was the only faunistic element in the system.During the second cycle, Artemia was always present, co-existing with othercontinental species up to a salinity of 99 per mille. The morphology andmorphometry of Artemia were similar to those of Artemia franciscana.  相似文献   

13.
1.IntrodctionEnvirorun~lehassionsarebyproduCtsofeconoAncadivihes.ThelevelofedrissionsgenerallyincreasesastheleveIOfeconondcaCtivitiesincreases.AsameasureofpollutioninimsihescausedbyeconoAncaedvihes,aneAnssionfaCtorgenerallytakesthefOrmofarati0bforantOtalpollutantquantityandtotaleconohacaCtivity[l],orThenumerator,totalwaSteorpollthentqUantitymaybemeasuredinwegh,orvoIumeor,somedmes,nuybemulhpliedbyahealthriskfaCtor(tokicityindex)0fthepollutant.Thedenondnator,totaleconothecaCtivities,canbe…  相似文献   

14.
国内旅游客流时空集散规律研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在概念辨析的基础上,以旅游客流为研究对象,从旅游系统的角度研究不同尺度下旅游客流的时空扩散动态机制。通过对不同尺度下的客流研究的内容和方法技术的归纳总结,提出加大区域和景区内部定量化研究是未来研究旅游流空间扩散特征的重要方向;解决技术应用的尺度问题,结合GIS空间技术和网络技术,实现不同尺度间、不同学科间的技术融合,将是旅流客流时空分布规律研究技术发展的重要突破点。  相似文献   

15.
Mobile phone location data have been extensively used to understand human mobility patterns through the employment of mobility indicators. The temporal sampling interval (TSI), which is measured by the temporal interval between consecutive records, determines how well such data can describe human activities and influence the values of human mobility indicators. However, systematic investigations of how the TSI affects human mobility indicators remain scarce, and characterizing those relationships is a fundamental research question for many related studies. This study uses a mobile phone location dataset containing 19,370 intensively sampled individual trajectories (TSI < 5 minutes) to systematically assess the impacts of the TSI on four typical mobility indicators that describe human mobility patterns from different aspects, which are movement entropy, radius of gyration, eccentricity, and daily travel frequency. We find that different TSIs have complex impacts on the values of different mobility indicators. Specifically, (1) coarser TSIs tend to underestimate the values of the four selected indicators with different degrees; (2) the degrees of underestimation vary significantly among users for eccentricity and daily travel frequency but exhibit high inter-user consistency for radius of gyration and movement entropy. The above findings can help better understand the variations among human mobility studies.  相似文献   

16.
科技革命带来的数字化浪潮正在剧烈地改变城市经济、社会与空间系统,日常生活中也涌现出来越来越多的数字化行为。尽管以行为地理学和时间地理学为基础的时空间行为研究对这些新现象已经有较深入的研究,但仍然有较大潜力发展出新的框架与方法。论文在时空间行为研究制约的基础上,引入环境可供性以及动态交互等理论,从信息、主体及发生场景等维度分析了数字社会下时空间行为逻辑的重构过程,归纳了动态供给下的决策信息增强、他方为我背景下的主体增强以及行为发生的时空增强等机制。面向数字社会下人类时空间的变化,研究认为需要降低行为研究颗粒度,分析时空行为情境的动态性,探索支持时空间行为实现的场景设计,关注社会资源的时空间可获得性,提高数字社会下时空间行为的响应性。  相似文献   

17.
阐述了近年来出现的破纪录高温现象,列举了全球暖化的实例证据;指出了影响全球气温变化的重要事件;从温室效应方面讨论地表温度变化和全球暖化问题;从南太平洋海平面的变化来证明全球暖化是否存在的问题;从热岛效应出发论证了全球暖化与土地利用间的关系;用实例和历史数据讨论有关全球暖化的6个威胁问题.提出了几个值得深思的问题,认为很难令人相信全球暖化有愈来愈烈的趋势.全球暖化是否存在?目前的资料并不充分.全球暖化与热岛效应的影响有着密切的关系,气候变迁的灾难说法尚有许多疑义.  相似文献   

18.
Thunderstorms are one of the most dangerous convective weather events. Despite the recent advances in prediction of convective storms worldwide, thousands of casualties occur annually. In the present study, the authors highlight specifically, thunderstorm‐related casualties reported in India from 1978–2012. Analysis of long‐term data have revealed about 16 308 casualties resulting from 1381 thunderstorm events with an average of 465 casualties occurring annually. The maximum number of casualties were concentrated in north‐eastern and central north‐eastern states. About 80 per cent of total casualties were recorded in West Bengal (23 per cent), Assam (20 per cent), Orissa (14 per cent), Bihar (13 per cent) and Jharkhand (8 per cent) states. The national casualties rate per million population per year and casualties density standardized by area has been found to be 0.50 and 5.07, respectively. Male casualties were found to be more prominent than female and children casualties, probably due to the larger proportion of males performing their work outdoors. The number of thunderstorm events and casualties was observed to be highest during pre‐monsoon season and lowest during winter. It is believed that the findings from this study will help policy makers to draw strategies to cope with the perils of thunderstorms.  相似文献   

19.
20.
Pattern analysis techniques currently common within geography tend to focus either on characterizing patterns of spatial and/or temporal recurrence of a single event type (e.g., incidence of flu cases) or on comparing sequences of a limited number of event types where relationships between events are already represented in the data (e.g., movement patterns). The availability of large amounts of multivariate spatiotemporal data, however, requires new methods for pattern analysis. Here, we present a technique for finding associations among many different event types where the associations among these varying event types are not explicitly represented in the data or known in advance. This pattern discovery method, known as T-pattern analysis, was first developed within the field of psychology for the purpose of finding patterns in personal interactions. We have adapted and extended the T-pattern method to take the unique characteristics of geographic data into account and implemented it within a geovisualization toolkit for an integrated computational-geovisual environment we call STempo. To demonstrate how T-pattern analysis can be employed in geographic research for discovering patterns in complex spatiotemporal data, we describe a case study featuring events from news reports about Yemen during the Arab Spring of 2011–2012. Using supplementary data from the Global Database of Events, Language, and Tone, we briefly summarize and reference a separate validation study, then evaluate the scalability of the T-pattern approach. We conclude with ideas for further extensions of the T-pattern technique to increase its utility for spatiotemporal analysis.  相似文献   

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