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1.
Rakesh Kumar Mishra P N S Roy Virendra Kumar Singh Jai Krishna Pandey 《Journal of Earth System Science》2018,127(8):107
Coal mine fire is a serious problem in Jharia coal field, India. The coal mine fire can be detected with different techniques such as borehole temperature measurement, thermo-compositional analysis, remote sensing techniques, thermo-graphic measurement and geophysical methods. In this study, various geophysical methods were used to detect the surface and subsurface coal mine fires. Geophysical techniques used in the present study are apparent resistivity, self-potential (SP), magnetic method and thermography. Geophysical anomalies such as low SP value of \(-60\hbox { mV}\), high negative magnetic response and low apparent resistivity value helped us to detect and delineate the fire and non-fire areas laterally as well as depthwise. Furthermore, the thermography survey was carried out in the coal field using thermal imaging camera in order to substantiate the geophysical methods. This integrated approach was found to be more advantageous for the detection and delineation of surface and subsurface fire with respect to use of any specific techniques. Moreover, the level of threat towards the locality, national railway line was also assessed unambiguously using the above techniques. Hence, proper planning and implementation towards the mitigation of hazard can be achieved on the basis of the reported results. 相似文献
2.
生态环境脆弱区煤炭资源开发诱发的环境地质问题——以陕西省神木县大柳塔煤矿区为例 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为揭示大柳塔地区大规模煤炭资源开发诱发的生态环境地质问题及其效应,进行了1：5万矿山地质环境调查。研究表明,大柳塔煤矿区地面塌陷影响面积达47.12～53.36 km2,范围大,但对农业生产的影响较轻。煤矿开发对水资源的破坏尤为严重。20年来大柳塔地区及主要采煤塌陷区土地沙漠化呈现逐年好转的趋势,主要河流受到了硫化物、氟化物、总磷的普遍污染,河流底泥受到了重金属元素较严重的累积污染,土壤尚有较大的环境容量,但重金属元素的累积污染不容忽视。神东公司实施生态功能圈建设、煤矸石堆场复垦、露天矿复垦、矿井水综合利用等措施,明显地改善了矿区的生态环境,探索出生态环境脆弱区在煤炭资源开发过程中保护生态地质环境的新模式。依据该区煤炭资源开发中生态环境保护的成功经验与教训,统筹规划,提出制定生态环境脆弱区煤炭资源开发的环境保护规划、建立矿山公园、加强采煤塌陷区生态环境变化研究等建议。 相似文献
3.
S K Pal Jitendra Vaish Sahadev Kumar Piyush Priyam Abhay Kumar Bharti Rajwardhan Kumar 《Journal of Earth System Science》2017,126(4):53
The present study deals with the characterization of subsurface coal fires of East Basuria colliery in Jharia coal field, India using tilt derivative and downward continuation of magnetic data. Magnetic data processing methods such as diurnal correction, noise removal, reduction to pole, tilt derivative and downward continuation have been used to process the data and for the interpretation of results on the basis of magnetic properties of overlying materials which change with the temperature variation above or below the Curie temperature. Most of the magnetic anomalies are associated with coal fire and non-coal fire regions which are correlated with tilt-derivative anomaly and corresponding downward-continued anomaly at different depths. The subsequent surface and subsurface characteristics are explained with good agreement. Approximate source depth of principal anomaly inferred from tilt derivatives method are corroborated with multi-seam occurrences, mine working levels and surface manifestation which are also correlated well with 3D model of downward continued anomaly distribution. 相似文献
4.
陕西神木大柳塔县地区煤炭资源的开发不可避免会产生地面塌陷、地裂缝、地下水位下降等矿山环境地质问题,地面塌陷是否会加剧土地沙漠化成为研究的热点问题。调查表明20年间整个研究区和其中的主要矿区土地沙漠化呈现出重度沙漠化土地逐年减少、轻度及非沙漠化土地面积逐年增大的一致演化趋势,采煤塌陷区土地沙漠化没有出现加剧的现象。通过4处采煤塌陷区及2处煤矿未开采区土壤垂向剖面研究,地表植被类型及覆盖度、植被根系垂向分布、土壤粒度、含水率、地下水位之间等关系表明,采煤塌陷对土地沙漠化进程没有明显的影响。年均415mm的降雨量基本满足采煤塌陷区沙生植被正常生长所需水份,其结论为该地区大规模煤炭资源开发土地沙漠化防治提供了科学依据。 相似文献
5.
B.S. Sukhija D.V. Reddy P. Nagabhushanam Syed Hussain V.Y. Giri 《Hydrogeology Journal》1996,4(2):70-88
In order to mine lignite from the Neyveli opencast mines, about 200 km south of Madras, India, the Neyveli aquifer has been undergoing depressurisation continuously for almost three decades. To gain insight into the aquifer hydrodynamics, environmental-isotope and chloride measurements on selected groundwater samples were initiated two decades ago, and detailed studies were undertaken during 1985–91. This article demonstrates the effect of large-scale groundwater withdrawals on the hydrologic regime and the effects on environmental chloride and isotopic distributions. A feature common to both the radiocarbon and chloride data of 1991 is their marked variation in a small area between the recharge zone and the mine area where pumping is concentrated. Furthermore, an excellent correlation exists between the temporal increase in the apparent radiocarbon ages of groundwater sampled in 1991 and 1985 and the corresponding lowering of potentiometric levels. Isochlors based on 1991 and 1985 data also indicate a changed hydrologic regime. In certain areas, heavy withdrawals have resulted in increased groundwater salinity. 相似文献
6.
安徽省两淮地区煤炭资源地质条件分区、分等初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地质变化程度及其所涉及的相关地质条件分类问题是影响勘查工程布置的主要因素。借鉴原国家煤炭部技术咨询委员会1992年所作的《矿井综合评价及分类》所建立的评价指标体系和层次分析评价办法,对两淮地区煤炭资源地质条件进行定性与定量相结合的分区、分等综合评价。首先以两淮地区现有的地质报告成果为依据,以矿区为基本评价单元,选择构造复杂程度和煤层稳定类型作为评价参数,将煤层赋存深度和水文地质条件作为修正参数,应用层次分析法建立起相应的评价指标体系,确定各层次权重系数及相关因素的隶属度,以此建立地质条件分等与煤层连续性、煤层连续性与构造复杂程度及煤层稳定程度之间的对应关系,并确定地质条件分等定量划分标准,在此基础上对两淮地区煤炭资源地质条件作出分区、分等综合评价：淮北煤田的宿县、临涣矿区和淮南煤田的潘谢、淮南定远矿区为地质条件Ⅱ～Ⅲ等区;淮北煤田的濉萧、涡阳矿区和淮南煤田新集矿区为地质条件Ⅳ等区。 相似文献
7.
内蒙古自治区桌子山煤田赋存着较为稀缺的煤种一焦煤,煤田内存在的火区不仪烧掉了宝贵的焦性煤炭资源,给煤矿生产带来严重的事故隐患,对当地生态环境也造成极大的破坏。经查明区内有26处子火区,分布面积约760万m^2,通过煤田地质特征、煤质特征、地表指示特征、同位素氡气的浓度相对分布特征、物性特征分析了区内煤层发火原因,根据桌子山煤田火区特点,建议采用浅剥、深灌与覆盖相结合的灭火方法,并对火区进行动态监测。 相似文献
8.
青海聚乎更矿区煤层气富集条件 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
青海聚乎更矿区是世界上首次在中低纬度冻土区发现天然气水合物的地区,并且天然气水合物的气源是该矿区的煤层气。矿区主要含煤地层为中侏罗统的木里组,煤层厚度大、变质程度一般在气煤~焦煤,镜质组质量分数普遍较高（60%~80%）,煤层结构简单-较复杂,煤储层微观结构以小孔和微孔为主,割理裂隙发育。等温吸附实验结果表明,该区兰氏体积偏低,而压力偏高,储层吸附特性为中-好级别,顶底板封闭性好,地下水活动弱,有利于煤层气的形成与赋存。区内煤层下1煤含气量在0.05~5.52m3/t,下2煤在0.05~11.14m3/t,含气量普遍偏低可能与后期构造使得煤层埋深变浅导致储层压力降低、煤层甲烷大量解吸有关,此外,向斜两翼地层倾角大,也是造成矿区煤层气逸散的主要因素之一,但是在向斜转折部位及矿区深部,煤层气相对富集,是今后勘探开发重点研究区域。 相似文献
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10.
木里煤田是祁连山赋煤带的主要煤炭资源聚集区,其资源储量占全省总探明资源储量的70%以上。本次研究是通过综合运用地质构造、物探成果、聚煤规律及生产勘探成果资料,在木里煤田聚乎更、弧山、外力哈达、热水及默勒地区共圈定了40个煤炭资源有利聚集区。预测区面积达600.85km2,合计预测资源量1 054 561万t,其中,优（A）等资源量70 891万t,主要分布在聚乎更-哆嗦公马矿区的东西延伸部位,良（B）等资源量420 016万t,主要分布在已知矿区的外围和深部,差（C）等资源量563 655万t,主要分布在预测依据不太充分的区域。通过对木里煤田煤炭资源潜力的深入研究,对煤田煤炭资源的开发利用前景作出初步了评估,为煤炭资源勘查近期及中长期部署提供了依据,同时对全省煤炭资源潜力评价具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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12.
Amartanshu Srivastava Suresh Pandian Elumalai Elluru Venkata Ramana Raju 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(6):120
The objective of the present study was to delineate temporal and spatial changes in the coal fire and land use/cover within Bastacolla area of Jharia coal field. Studying this variation helped to decipher interconnection among the dynamics of the coal fire and concomitant changes in land use/cover. The detection of coal fires during a span of 14 years along with transitioning land use/cover was cost-effective and enabled planning for management of coal resources and environment. Landsat series of satellite data of 2002, 2009, 2013, and 2016 were processed for generating land surface temperature profiles vis-a-vis classified land use/cover of the study area. A single cut-off temperature was derived for mapping of coal fires using land surface temperature profile from 2002 to 2016. The satellite images were classified using support vector machines, and for depicting land use/cover change, post-classification change detection was done. Classification accuracy obtained was excellent with kappa coefficient ranging from 0.897 for classified image of 2002 to 0.799 for classified image of 2016. Results revealed that coal fires had shifted to the central west part of the area. Furthermore, pockets of coal fire from northern and eastern part of the study area have diminished. OB dumps and coal quarry/coal dump may be attributed towards the spatial change in coal fire while; OB dumps showed connotation with the highest temperature zones. Ground verifications for temperature profiles and coal fires were carried out using thermal camera which enunciated good agreement with results. 相似文献
13.
淮南,铁法煤矿膨胀型软岩力学化学特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
膨胀型软岩由于其性质的复杂性和工程的严重危害性而成为我国煤矿工程研究中最复杂的问题之一。膨胀型软岩能与水发生物理化学反应使含水量或体积发生变化，是地质历史长期作用的产物，随着时间场和空间场的不同，其力学化学特征有明显的差异，作者根据对淮南５个煤矿、铁法２个煤矿软岩的实际研究，总结二者在成份、物理化学特征、力学性质以及膨胀机制等方面的差异，为工程有效支护提供理论依据。 相似文献
14.
新疆煤田火烧区特征及防治对策 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
煤田火烧区的存在，给勘探、建井、开矿带来一定危害。通过对新疆煤田火烧区区域构造和煤层火烧区特征的分析研究，阐明火烧区的主要形成因素，提出了煤田火烧区的防治对策，选用地面物探方法查清火烧区的分布范围和煤层地下燃烧状态。根据煤层高温燃烧区定期观测剖面测定结果，对新疆煤田火烧区储量的损失作了科学的推算，对煤田高温燃烧区灭火方法作简要说明。 相似文献
15.
为评估建新煤矿建设工程区地质灾害危险性,评价工业场地建设和煤矿开采的适宜性,依据钻孔和矿产资源开发利用方案等相关资料,在野外现场调查的基础上,通过定性与定量相结合方法,对研究区的地质灾害进行了评估。结果认为：评估区内有危险性大区8个,面积0.100 050km2,危险性中等区1个,面积14.965 013km2,危险性小区5个,面积3.459 323km2;工业场地建设为基本适宜,煤矿井下开采在地质灾害危险性大区和中等区,按有关规范、规程要求,采取合理的开发方案和有效的避让或防治措施后为基本适宜,在危险性小区适宜煤矿开采。 相似文献
16.
新疆煤田火烧区特征及其勘探灭火问题的探讨 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
煤田火烧区的存在，给勘探、建井、开矿均带来一定的危害。本文重点论述新疆煤田火烧区的特征，煤田火烧区的危害和煤田火烧区的主要形成因素，经过各种勘探方法的对比，选用地面物探方法（磁法和自然电场法）查清了煤层火烧区的分布范围和煤层地下燃烧状态。物探成果资料经钻孔验证技术效果良好，根据煤层高温燃烧区定期观测剖面测定结果，对新疆煤田火烧区储量的损失作了科学的推算。对煤田高温燃烧区灭火方法作了简要说明，并对灭火效果提出了一定见解。对灭火工程的验收程序提出了合理化建议。 相似文献
17.
Laurance J. Donnelly 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2004,60(2-4):117-150
The Northwest Pakistan and Afghanistan frontier is located one of the most remote, inaccessible, and inhospitable part of the Himalayan orogenic belt. In this region, two of the world's largest and most distinct mountain belts intersect; the Karakoram Himalaya (mainly in Pakistan) and the Hindu Kush (mainly in Afghanistan). Located at high altitude, in a remote part of Northwest Pakistan, close to the border with Afghanistan, tribal villagers began excavating a series of adits into the steep mountain slopes, beneath glaciers, to extract valuable coal and carbonaceous shale resources. These were discovered in 1996, by the villagers, whilst hunting, and may represent some of the highest mine workings in the world. Small-scale mining operations subsequently developed using rudimentary mining methods and the mine became known as the Reshit or Pamir Coal Mine.The coal deposits are sedimentary, highly disturbed and tectonised, having been subjected to multiple phases of orogenic crustal deformation. The coal occurs as discrete lenses, several tens of metres in their lateral dimension, between steeply dipping, overturned and thrusted limestone beds of Jurassic age. The coal provided a vital, alternative source of fuel for the villagers since the local, traditional fuel supply was wood, which had become severely depleted, and imports of kerosene from neighbouring China and Afghanistan were too expensive.The mining operations experienced severe problems. These included several collapses of mine entrances, the failure of the adits to intersect the coal-bearing zones, the potential threat of geological hazards, mining-induced hazards and harsh high-altitude operating conditions, particularly during the winter months. International aid was provided to assist the villagers and a geological investigation was commissioned to investigate the problems at the mine.The geology of Karakoram Himalaya is relatively poorly understood. Until recently the region was restricted to foreign visitors and large areas of this mountain belt are virtually unmapped. Existing geological and topographic maps are difficult to obtain or are unavailable due to the close proximity of political frontiers, national borders and security reasons. The mineral resource potential of this region is virtually unknown. Few western geologists have visited this area due to its inaccessibility and political constraints, being situated close the frontiers with China, Afghanistan, and the disputed Pakistan and India territory of Kashmir.The Pakistan and Afghanistan border, is once again, now closed to foreign visitors. The objectives of this paper are to document the occurrence of coal and carbonaceous shale, at high altitude, in the Karakoram Himalaya and to provide details on the geology, geological hazards, reserves and labour-intensive mining operations. These observations and information may provide the basis for future mineral exploration, mining-geology, mining-engineering, feasibility studies and engineering geological investigation in the Karakoram Himalaya. 相似文献
18.
合山市矿山地质环境影响评价研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
广西合山属于煤炭资源枯竭型城市,正在经历的市域经济转型与大规模城市建设,使得矿山地质环境影响评价成为一项基础性工作。将矿山地质环境影响评价划分为两个层次,即采矿活动对矿山地质环境影响评价和城市建设对地质环境的影响评价。选取矿山地质环境条件、矿山开采状况、矿山地质环境问题3个地质环境要素,地形地貌、植被覆盖率、岩土体工程特征、矿山分布密度、煤层倾斜角度、煤层采深采厚比、土地资源破坏强度、水资源破坏强度、地质灾害发育强度9个评价指标,首先应用模糊综合评价模型进行了第一层次的矿山地质环境影响评价,然后采用综合指数评价模型进行了第二层次的地质环境影响评价,结果显示,影响严重区、较严重区、一般区分别为62.87,118.84,175.99km2,各占市域面积的17.6%、33.2%、49.2%。评价结果可作为合山市矿山地质环境综合治理的重要依据。 相似文献
19.
Aquifers above high-extraction underground coal mines are not affected by mine drainage, but they may still exhibit changes
in groundwater chemistry due to alterations in groundwater flow induced by mine subsidence. At two active longwall mine sites
in Illinois, USA, glacial-drift aquifers were largely unaffected by mining, but the geochemistry of the bedrock aquifers changed
during the post-mining water-level recovery. At the Jefferson site, brackish, high-sulfate water present in the upper bedrock
shale briefly had lower values of total dissolved solids (TDS) after mining due to increased recharge from the overlying drift,
whereas TDS and sulfate increased in the sodium-bicarbonate water present in the underlying sandstone due to downward leakage
from the shale and lateral inflow of water through the sandstone. At the Saline site, sandstones contained water ranging from
brackish sodium-chloride to fresh sodium-bicarbonate type. Post-mining recovery of the potentiometric levels was minimal,
and the water had minor quality changes. Longwall mining affects geochemistry due to subsidence-related fracturing, which
increases downward leakage from overlying units, and due to the temporary potentiometric depression and subsequent recovery,
whereby water from surrounding areas of the aquifer recharges the affected zone above and adjacent to the mine.
Received, December 1998 / Revised, August 1999 / Accepted, August 1999 相似文献
20.
采动条件下断层活化易于诱发冲击地压、底板突水等动力地质灾害,如何对采场断层活化引起的一系列动力地质灾害开展超前防治预警,一直是煤矿安全开采面临的科学技术难题。从数值模拟、相似物理模拟及现场测试三个方面,概述国内外采场断层活化方面的研究现状;围绕断层活化的监测预警方法,包括微震监测技术、声发射技术、视电阻率监测技术、光纤监测技术、注水试验等,从方法原理、研究现状、技术特点等方面对现有的主要测试与评价方法进行了总结;结合当前国内断层复杂区的煤炭资源开采,重点分析断层活化诱发的几类典型动力地质灾害形成机制及其内在联系;当前,对于采动诱发下的断层活化多维多尺度全程精细化监测技术等研究工作仍然不足,基于煤矿开采精准化、智能化需求,指出断层复杂区煤层开采研究应向多场耦合、精细化模型构建、多手段综合探查、智能预警等方向发展。认为通过进一步开展断层活化的基础理论、精细化模拟、多维多场多尺度监测预警的技术系统研究,可为煤矿智能化引领下的矿井地质保障工作提供坚实基础。 相似文献