共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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研制了基于LVDT（线性可变差动变压器）传感器的高精度小应变三轴仪,详细介绍了该三轴仪的结构、传感器特性及小应变测量的技术细节。三轴仪采用电控调压阀控制轴压和围压,同时可用电机驱动施加轴压,进行各种复杂应力路径的应变或应力控制三轴剪切试验。针对信号干扰等影响微小位移测量精度的问题,提出了恒温、接地、使用高精度直流电源等措施,并利用中值滤波的方法有效提高了LVDT局部位移计的测量精度。利用安装有LVDT位移传感器的三轴仪对上海软土进行K0固结不排水剪切试验,成功获得上海软土在0.001%～0.1%小应变范围内的割线模量变化情况;确认了LVDT位移传感器能够获得比霍尔效应局部位移计更小应变范围的软土割线模量,指出自主研制的设备比黑盒子产品更有利于实现测量精度的提高。 相似文献
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Most existing hydromechanical models for unsaturated soils are not able to fully capture the nonlinearity of stress–strain curves at small strains (less than 1%). They cannot therefore, for example, accurately predict ground movements and the performance of many earth structures under working conditions. To tackle this problem, a state‐dependent bounding surface plasticity model has been newly developed. Particularly, the degradation of shear modulus with strain at small strains ranging from 0.001% to 1% is focused. The proposed model is formulated in terms of mean average skeleton stress, deviator stress, suction, specific volume and degree of saturation. Void ratio‐dependent hydraulic hysteresis is coupled with the stress–strain behaviour. Different from other elastoplastic models for unsaturated soils, plastic strains are allowed inside bounding surfaces. In this paper, details of model formulations and calibration procedures of model parameters are presented. To evaluate the capability of the new model, it is applied to simulate a series of triaxial compression tests on compacted unsaturated silt at various suctions. Effects of suction, drying and wetting as well as net stress on unsaturated soil behaviour are well captured. The model shows good predictions of the degradation of shear modulus with strain over a wide range of strains from 0.001% to 1%. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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天然沉积粉质黏土的应力路径试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
天然沉积土在沉积过程中产生了结构性和各向异性,使其受力变形特性与重塑土存在明显的差异。实际工程中的天然土体往往在受荷过程中会经历不同的应力路径,因此,需要开展考虑结构性和各向异性影响的应力路径试验。通过研究不同应力路径下土体的力学特性,为建立复杂应力路径下的合理的本构模型提供试验依据。采用大直径PVC管取样器获取张家港地区地下2.5 m深的粉质黏土不扰动土样,通过GDS三轴仪对土样进行了K0固结不同排水应力路径试验。结果表明,应力路径对不扰动土样的体积变形和剪切变形均有显著影响,且球应力和偏应力对土的体应变和剪应变存在交叉影响。无论以体积变形为主还是剪切变形为主的应力路径下,应力-应变曲线都有明显的屈服性状。通过描绘试验所得各应力路径下的屈服点,获得张家港不扰动土样的屈服轨迹大致呈倾斜的椭圆形状,采用Wheeler模型的屈服面与试验屈服点的吻合程度要优于Nakano模型。 相似文献
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An experimental study is conducted to measure small-strain shear modulus of clay-cement mixture using bender element apparatus
setup in a triaxial cell. Bender element tests were conducted on cement-treated soils and the results were analyzed to study
the variation of shear modulus properties of soil specimens at different cement contents, confining pressures, curing times,
and compaction moisture contents. Based on the obtained results increasing the cement ratio has a significant effect on the
small-strain shear modulus of the treated soils, and this effect signifies with increasing the moisture content and curing
time. Rates of shear modulus enhancements due to cement content, curing time, and compaction moisture content are quantified
and presented. In this study, a clay–cement–water ratio formulation is proposed that enables one to calculate cement and water
contents required to obtain specific small-strain shear modulus. 相似文献
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为了研究膨胀土在天然环境下的动力特性,本文利用装有弯曲元的三轴仪对南阳膨胀土原状样和重塑样进行了最大剪切模量的测试试验。试验包括在不同围压下的饱和原状南阳膨胀土最大剪切模量测试;将初始干密度相近的原状样和重塑样分别进行脱湿和吸湿,量测整个过程中最大剪切模量的变化,并结合孔隙比进行分析。试验结果表明:饱和南阳膨胀土的最大剪切模量随着围压增大而增大;脱湿过程中南阳膨胀土最大剪切模量与含水率关系曲线要高于吸湿过程的曲线,即最大剪切模量与含水率关系存在滞回特性,这主要是吸力作用的缘故;初始干密度相近条件下原状样的最大剪切模量比重塑样的要小,这是由于原状样内部存在较多大孔隙。本文最后对饱和土最大剪切模量公式进行改进,使之适用于非饱和原状南阳膨胀土最大剪切模量的预测。 相似文献
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The shear modulus at very small strains (less than 0.001%) is an important parameter in the design of geotechnical structures subjected to static and cyclic loadings. Although numerous soil models are available for predicting shear modulus of saturated and dry soils, only a few ones can predict shear stiffness at very small strains of unsaturated soils correctly. In this study, a few unsaturated soil models are evaluated critically and compared with a newly developed model. This newly proposed model is verified by using measured shear modulus at very small strains for three different low plasticity fine grained soils available in the literature. It is found that this new model can predict shear modulus at very small strain resulting from an increase and a decrease in mean net stress at constant matric suction for low plasticity fine grained soils. Moreover, this model is able to give a reasonably good prediction on shear stiffness at very small strain during wetting of a collapsible unsaturated soil. In addition, the newly proposed model is illustrated to capture a consistent trend with experimental data of shear stiffness at very small strain for non-collapsible soils obtained during drying–wetting cycles. This evaluation revealed that the newly proposed model has better predictive capabilities than some earlier formulations of the same simplicity. In addition, the proposed model with fewer parameters has similar predictive capability as compared with a more complex model. 相似文献
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Daniela Porcino Vito Nicola Ghionna Raffaella Granata Vincenzo Marcianò 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2016,11(2):164-175
The purpose of this paper is to investigate mechanical and hydraulic properties of sands treated with mineral-based grouts through the results of a laboratory test programme consisting of unconfined compression tests (UCS), triaxial bender element tests (BeT) and constant flow permeability tests in triaxial apparatus. An improved apparatus was set up for obtaining high quality, multiple grouted specimens from a single column. Two selected natural sands having different grain sizes were grouted with two mineral-based silica grouts, resulting in different levels of improvement. The behaviour of the sands treated by mineral grouts, in terms of strength, initial stiffness and permeability, was compared with that exhibited by more traditional silicate grouts. The results of this study indicate that sands treated with mineral grouts result in higher strengths, higher initial shear modulus and lower permeability values than the sands treated with the silicate solution. The effect of grout type, effective confining pressure, and sand particle-size on small-strain shear modulus of grouted sand specimens was evaluated. Based on test results, the small strain shear modulus increment from treated to untreated specimens has been correlated with the unconfined compressive strength, obtaining a unique relationship regardless of grout type and grain-size of tested sands. 相似文献
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主应力轴旋转对压实黄土动变形特性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
实际工程中的地基或路基的土体往往处于复杂初始应力状态,在地震或其他动荷载的作用下会出现变形和沉降,而常规的室内土工试验无法真实再现这种固结应力条件下土的动力特性。通过对原有的DTC-199型周期扭转荷载三轴仪进行简单的改造后可进行土体在主应力轴发生旋转时的压实黄土动变形的试验研究。结果表明,在其他固结条件不变的情况下,初始主应力方向角α对压实黄土的动剪切模量有一定的影响,随着α的增加,动剪切模量有减小的趋势,最大动剪应力也逐渐减小,但是α对最大动剪切模量的影响不太显著。初始主应力方向角α对压实黄土的阻尼比基本没有影响,在λ-lgγd的半对数坐标图中,阻尼比随动剪应变的增加有逐渐增大的趋势,并且表现出较好的相关性。 相似文献
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橡胶砂作为一种环保的岩土材料有广泛的应用前景。应用三轴和单剪两种试验方法对2种固结压力下、7种配比橡胶砂的应力-应变特性、体变特性和模量衰减特性进行了对比研究,结果表明：随着橡胶颗粒含量的增加,橡胶砂模量降低,应力-应变曲线向应变硬化型转变,线性关系增强;随着橡胶颗粒含量的增加,橡胶砂剪胀特性减弱,剪缩增大;橡胶砂应力-应变关系可用扩展邓肯-张模型进行模拟,模型参数受橡胶颗粒含量影响的规律明显;随着橡胶颗粒含量的增加,橡胶砂的静剪切模量Gs与剪应变? 曲线降低,而橡胶砂模量衰减曲线Gs /G0 -?（G0为初始剪切模量）向大应变方向偏移;三轴和单剪两种试验方法得到的橡胶砂应力-应变特性、体应变-剪应变规律类似,但试验参数明显受应力状态和应力路径的影响,两者的差异主要表现为三轴试验得到的应力-应变曲线和模量曲线高于单剪试验,产生这种差异的主要原因是由于前者的平均应力相对较大。试验还得到了橡胶砂初始模量随橡胶颗粒含量降低的经验关系。 相似文献
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小应变条件下隧道开挖引起的横向沉降槽分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用配备有局部高精度位移传感器STDTTS+UNSAT型号的高级应力路径三轴测试系统,对小应变条件下的土体进行了试验。采用三维数值分析方法和应用小应变模型及摩尔-库仑模型,分别对隧道施工引起横向沉降槽的影响展开了研究。结果表明,在小应变条件下土体表现出高模量以及模量随应变增加而衰减的特性,且当剪切应变应用对数坐标（lg）表示时,剪切模量随剪切应变增加而衰减的规律可以表示为带有2个拐点的反S型曲线,同时,利用式（1）对其进行很好地模拟;两类模型计算结果的规律性是相似的,采用小应变模型所得到的最大下沉位移符合工程实际,且横向沉降槽的宽度也能符合现场实测,即能够适当地解决采用一般模型所得到的最大下沉位移合理,而横向沉降槽的宽度过宽,或者横向沉降槽宽度合理,而最大下沉位移过小,两者间存在对立的问题。通过计算结果对比进一步验证了考虑小应变条件下土体特性的必要性以及二次开发所得到的模型的合理性与可适用性。 相似文献
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为研究循环荷载下原状红黏土路基的动力特性,采用SDT-20型动三轴仪对原状红黏土进行了分级循环动三轴试验,研究了围压、频率及动应力幅值对原状红黏土的动应力、动弹性模量-动应变（ Ed-εd）和动剪切模量-动剪切应变（ Gd-γd）关系曲线的影响规律。结果表明:原状红黏土的动应力-动应变关系曲线发展规律可采用Kondner模型进行描述;动应力随动应变先急剧增大后趋于平稳,并给出了急剧增加时动应变的取值范围,即0%～0.05%;分析了不同围压、振动频率下红黏土的动弹性模量及动剪切模量的变化规律,当动应变小于临界值时,红黏土动弹性模量随动应变的增大而增大;当动应变大于临界值时,红黏土材料动弹性模量随动应变的增大而减小,动剪切模量具有相同变化规律;结合红黏土的动力特性变化规律,利用围压对动弹性模量进行折减,在Darendeli模型的基础上建立了红黏土路基动弹性模量、动剪切模量的分段预测模型,经拟合验证,本文分段模型的适用性较好,可预测分级循环荷载下红黏土的动弹性模量-动应变（Ed-εd）和动剪切模量-动剪切应变（Gd-γd）关系曲线发展趋势。 相似文献
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A kinematic hardening based model for unsaturated soils considering different hydraulic conditions 
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下载免费PDF全文 At present, several of the existing elastoplastic constitutive models are adapted for describing the stress–strain behavior of unsaturated soils. However, most of them present certain limitations in this field. These limitations can be related to the basic model and/or added unsaturated state variables and formulations. In this regard, inability to model the hydro‐mechanical behavior in constant water (CW) conditions is an example of these limitations. In this paper, an advanced version of CJS model is selected for adaptation to the unsaturated states. Adaptation to unsaturated states is achieved in the framework of effective stress approach. Effective stress equation and unsaturated state variables are selected based on the recent research existing in the literature. The developed model is capable of describing the complex behavior of unsaturated soil in the CW condition in addition to predicting the behavior at failure and post–failure, nonlinear elastoplastic behavior at low levels of stress and strain (by selecting a very small elastic domain), as well as wetting and collapse behaviors. In order to validate the model, results of triaxial tests in CD and CW conditions are used. The validation results indicate the good capability of the proposed model. Behavior of the unsaturated soils during wetting is an important issue. For this reason, the model is also evaluated based on the results of wetting and collapse triaxial tests. A comparison between the tests and simulation results shows that the model is able to predict the soil behavior under the wetting path. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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将数字图像测量技术运用于三轴剪切蠕变试验,试验结果表明,土粒间水膜厚度对土的蠕变有很大的影响,不排水时,试样土颗粒间水膜保持不变,土的黏滞系数基本为一定值,土的流变变形较大;排水时,随着水的排出土体发生固结硬化,土颗粒间水膜变薄,土的密度增大,黏滞性增强,流变变形较小。在排水条件下,加载瞬间孔隙水压力会持续上升产生Manadei-Cryer效应,整个过程历时约10 min。随着偏应力水平的增加,试样发生鼓胀变形,进而形成剪切面发生剪切破坏;受排水路径的影响,剪切面通常位于试样偏下部位。对比数字图像测量方法和试样排水体积换算法在获得剪切应变时的试验结果,表明试验过程中试样变形的不均匀会导致排水体积换算法在计算剪切应变时产生较大误差;Singh-Mitchell模型很好地描述土的剪切流变特性,确定参数时两种方法得到的参数相差不大,偏应力水平较低时可采用排水量换算法进行确定。 相似文献
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黄河三角洲粉土循环剪切特性的试验研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用土工静力-动力液压三轴-扭转多功能剪切仪,对黄河三角洲埕北海域原状粉土试样进行了循环三轴和循环扭剪试验,以此探讨了原状海底粉土的动力变形与强度特性,确定了最大动剪切模量及动力变形参数随剪应变的变化规律。基于循环三轴试验结果,建立了残余孔隙水压力发展变化规律的双曲线经验模式,对动强度关于循环次数的依赖性提出了经验关系,确定了有关试验参数及其关于固结应力比的依赖性。与循环三轴试验结果相对比,认为在土工抗震设计中采用循环三轴试验结果稍偏于保守。 相似文献
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M. S. A. Siddiquee M. S. Islam F. Tatsuoka 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2013,31(2):627-645
A phenomenological model has been developed for soft rock based on the results of a series of triaxial compression (TC) tests conducted on Kobe sandstone with a very high precision measurement. From the analysis and interpretation of the test results, it has been found that small strain Young’s modulus (Ee) was a function of the major principal stress. Ee for elastic strains of soft rock was assumed to be cross-anisotropic. A damage function has been used to derive the appropriate elastic Young’s modulus when subjected to shear loading. As the basic stress–strain relation, the relationship between the tangent modulus and the shear stress level was used. The differential form of which was subsequently integrated by a 4th order Runge–Kutta solver to obtain the stress–strain relation. The model of soft rock is based on an isotropic strain hardening elasto-plastic framework which takes into account the pressure sensitivity, cross-anisotropy, degradation of Young’s modulus with the degree of mobilized shear stress and the nonlinearity of the shear stress-shear strain relationship. Although the model was developed from the analysis of the TC tests results of Kobe sandstone, it was also applied to the other types of soft rock or stiff geomaterials. Plate loading tests were conducted at a level of 61 m below the ground level at the bottom of a large excavated shaft at four locations. Finally, the model was used to simulate the plate loading test results successfully. This model was successfully calibrated with Akashi sandstone and applied in the simulation for the settlement of Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge piers. The simulations were carried out for both drained and undrained condition by changing the Poisson’s ratio. The layering information beneath the foundations were used in the FEM simulation. The use of very accurate Young’s modulus from the field shear wave velocity test was the key to the successful simulation of the settlement under bridge pier foundations. 相似文献
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A review of the literature indicates that the elastic behaviour of granular materials is isotropic and that Poissony's ratio is constant, whereas Young's Modulus, the bulk modulus and the shear modulus vary with the mean normal stress and the deviatoric stress. A nonlinear, isotropic model for the elastic behaviour is developed on the basis of theoretical considerations involving the principle of conservation of energy. Energy is therefore neither generated not dissipated in closed-loop stress paths or in closed-loop strain paths. The framework for the model consists of Hooke's law, in which Poission's ratio is constant and Young's modulus is expressed as a power function invlving the first invariat of the stress tensor and the second invariant of the deviatoric stress tensor. The characteristics of the model are described, and the accuracy is evaluated by comparison with experimental results from triaxial tests and three-dimensional cubical triaxial tests with a variety of stress paths. Parameter determination from unloading–reloading cycles in conventional triaxial compression tests is demonstrated, typical parameter values are given for granular materials and extension of the model to soils with effective cohesion is described. 相似文献