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大气环流的奇偶对称性（Ⅰ）理论依据和气候特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文中使用奇偶对称分析方法，利用观测资料对全球环流的奇偶对称分量的分布做了分析，指出奇偶分布的气候特征及其时间演变能反映南北半球海陆差异带来的影响，揭示大气对辐射加热响应的时间尺度、环流的波动结构及全球环流季节性调整等一些特征。 相似文献
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ODD AND EVEN SYMMETRY OF ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION—THEORETICAL BASIS AND CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS 
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下载免费PDF全文 Analysis is done of the distribution of odd and even symmetric components of circulations on a global basis in termsof observations and technique for the odd/even symmetry,indicating that climatic features of the component patternsand their temporal evolution are able to reveal their influence of land-sea discrepancy in the Northern and SouthernHemispheres,the time scale of atmospheric response to radiation heating,circulation waveform structure and seasonaladjustment of global circulation. 相似文献
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The relation of interannual anomaly of East Asian monsoon to the ENSO cycle is investigated in terms of even and odd symmetry analysis over a tropical heating field based on the past 30-year data. Evidence suggests that odd and even symmetry components related to the monsoon and Walker heating, respectively, effectively describe the East Asian monsoon circulation and Pacific Walker analog, with the monsoon intensity index corresponding to its heating vigor and western Pacific Walker heating vigor to ENSO phase change, both types of heating marked by pro-nounced seasonal variation and phase-locking; the key region for linking monsoon-ENSO interaction is the western Pacific warm pool; the monsoon effect upon ENSO cycle is affected jointly by the seasonal evolution and interannual anomaly of the heating components; the superimposition of an anti-Walker circulation phase produced by interannual winter monsoon perturbation upon a weaker Walker phase on a seasonal basis leads to an El Nino hap-pening in March-April and plays a significant role in maintaining a warm ENSO phase. 相似文献
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利用ERA-interim再分析资料、中国地面降水资料、全球海温(SST)和降水资料研究了冬季西太平洋和海洋性大陆大气热源变化特征及其对区域气候的影响。结果表明:冬季西太平洋和海洋性大陆热源具有显著的年际变化,海洋性大陆热源同时存在明显的年代际变化。冬季西太平洋热源强年相较弱年,东亚副热带急流轴线偏北3~4 °,东亚冬季风显著加强;热源强度与中国东部大部分地区冬春季降水呈显著负相关。由于西太平洋热源与ENSO事件密切相关,去除ENSO影响后,西太平洋热源对急流和冬季风的影响明显减弱,且与华东南部和华南地区降水无显著相关,但仍与华东中北部和华北地区呈显著负相关,相关关系仍可从同期冬季持续到后期春季。海洋性大陆热源在1993年左右发生显著突变,突变后海洋性大陆附近SST显著升高,海平面气压显著降低。进一步分析表明,海洋性大陆地区大气热源与Walker环流在年代际尺度上存在很好的对应关系,海洋性大陆岛屿整体增暖趋势快于周围海洋,导致海陆热力差异增大,这可能是触发局地热源和Walker环流长期变化的主要原因,进而影响太平洋SST分布和全球增暖的进程。 相似文献
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Most climate models project a weakening of the Walker circulation under global warming scenarios. It is argued, based on a global averaged moisture budget, that this weakening can be attributed to a slower rate of rainfall increase compared to that of moisture increase, which leads to a decrease in ascending motion. Through an idealized aqua-planet simulation in which a zonal wavenumber-1 SST distribution is prescribed along the equator, we find that the Walker circulation is strengthened under a uniform 2-K SST warming, even though the global mean rainfall–moisture relationship remains the same. Further diagnosis shows that the ascending branch of the Walker cell is enhanced in the upper troposphere but weakened in the lower troposphere. As a result, a "double-cell" circulation change pattern with a clockwise(anti-clockwise) circulation anomaly in the upper(lower) troposphere forms, and the upper tropospheric circulation change dominates. The mechanism for the formation of the "double cell" circulation pattern is attributed to a larger(smaller) rate of increase of diabatic heating than static stability in the upper(lower) troposphere. The result indicates that the future change of the Walker circulation cannot simply be interpreted based on a global mean moisture budget argument. 相似文献
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夏季乌拉尔地区环流持续异常及其背景流特征 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在 Dole持续异常界定方法的基础上提出了一种适用于全球分析的界定方法 ,并利用NCEP/NCAR 1 980～ 1 998年 6月 1日～ 8月 31日逐日再分析资料 ,分析了全球大气环流持续异常的分布 ,重点研究了乌拉尔地区反复出现的、维持较长时间的强环流异常的背景流及其演变特征 ,得到以下结论 :1 )文中提出的界定方法能较好地识别全球地区持续异常分布 ;2 )乌拉尔地区环流正、负持续异常形成时 ,背景环流的发展不具有对称性 ,负异常并不是正异常的简单相反过程。正异常的发展与位于西南方的正距平扰动向东北移动、及与位于中西伯里亚的正距平扰动西移有关 ,这些扰动具有相当正压结构的 ,而负异常则主要是局地发展而形成的 ;3)正压过程对乌拉尔持续异常的形成起着主要作用 ,明显不同于北太平洋环流持续异常的发展 ;4)乌拉尔正、负持续异常期间的背景流不仅在北半球中高纬有明显差异 ,而且在南、北半球其它地区也有明显差异 ,热带的差异在低频环流上表现得更为清楚 ;5)在异常发生前 ,中纬度急流已发生了有利于异常建立的改变。 相似文献
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大气环流的奇偶对称性（Ⅱ）度量方法和异常分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文首先给出南，北半球环流奇，偶对笱分量的绝对，相对度量方法，用它分析了１９８０－１９８６年月平均５００ｈＰａ高度场中奇，偶对称分量的季节变化和年际异常。结果表明：重大ＥｌＮｉｎｏ事件事件与全球月平均环流奇，偶对称分量的异常存在明显联系，环流偶对称分量的异常与ＥｌＮｉｎｏ事件盛期准同时出现、奇对称分量的异常在ＥＩ Ｎｉｎｏ事件发生半年出现。 相似文献
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初夏北半球500hPa遥相关型的强度和年际变化及其与我国季风降水的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用一点相关法计算了初夏北半球500hPa遥相关型,得到西大西洋型(WA)、欧亚型(EU)、孟加拉湾北太平洋型(BNP)、西太平洋型(WP)、东大西洋型(EA)、东亚太平洋型(EAP)、黄河东亚型(HEA).确定了它们的中心和历年(1951—1990)的强度指数。研究了它们的年际变化和我国季风雨的关系.指出,EU、HEA和EAP型波列与我国旱涝关系密切。对我国东部降水影响很大的是HEA型和EAP型.我国1991年初夏的大涝与强HEA型、弱EAP型有关. 相似文献
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东亚冬季风异常与全球大气环流变化 I. 强弱冬季风影响的对比研究 总被引：19，自引：6，他引：13
利用ECMWF资料挑选出一个强冬季风年（1986年）和一个弱冬季风年（1980年）,通过个例分析对各种气象要素场及中高纬度大尺度环流在强弱冬季风年的差异特征进行比较。分析结果表明：东亚冬季风是全球大气环流的一个重要组成部分,冬季风异常关联着全球环流的异常;这种异常不仅在中高纬度环流中表现出来,而且在热带地区大尺度流场上也尤为显著。强弱冬季风所对应的长波槽脊分布、低纬对流特征、三维流场结构都是截然不同的。冬季风异常不但造成了同期环流形势的差异,而且对后期环流和天气状况也有影响。 相似文献
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A global general circulation model (AMS-GCM) including many physical processes is presented in this paper.And a month's simulation has been made by use of the globa/climate data in January.The results seem to be in agreement with the observations. 相似文献
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本文对1952—1986年期间我国几次特大严寒的环流背景及发生规律作了分析和探讨,认为:严寒是一个大范围的天气现象,严重严寒往往涉及全国甚至欧亚范围,严寒的发生与大气环境的异常分布有关,导致严寒发生的前期因子是极地和赤道大范围热状况异常。 相似文献
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A 2-D global chemistry-transport model is set up in this paper.The model simulates theatmospheric ozone distributions well with specified dynamical conditions.The analysis of ozonevariation mechanism shows that ozone is chemically in quasi-equilibrium except for the polar nightregion where the variation of ozone concentration is under the control of dynamical processes,thatthe oxygen atoms which produce ozone are mainly provided by the photolysis of O_2 in the upperstratosphere and by the photolysis of NO_2 in the lower stratosphere and the troposphere.and thatthe ozone is destroyed mainly by NO_x:the reactions between NO_x and O_3 and the odd oxygen cyclecontribute 80% to more than 90% of the ozone destruction. 相似文献
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浅论大气电过程与天气气候 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
该文论述了大气电学在天气气候学研究中的渗透，并根据实测资料的对比分析、讨论了晴天大气电过程、雷暴和闪电与天气气候过程之间的相关性和可能的耦合机制。结果表明，区域和全球性雷暴活动是耦合机制的一个关键参量，闪电是直观量，能以参数化形式引入大气环流模式定量地讨论耦合机制；发展的全球电路概念有可能把太阳、大气和地层联结在一起进行整体研究。 相似文献
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在现代全球海洋数值模式的开发研究中,需要在空间尺度为海盆尺度上,时间尺度在几十年、几百年甚至涡流翻转数百次的时间内保持水团属性不变,而湍流混合又是维持层结和海洋环流循环所需要的.在海洋数值模型的开发中,需要将方程组在全球网格上进行离散处理,这势必会产生截断误差,从而产生虚假越中性层混合.因此将目前国内外学者和研究人员对虚假混合的来源、诊断方法、控制方法整理做出简要综述,以供读者参考学习. 相似文献
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Variation characteristics of persistent drought events in Guangdong province are analyzed using 45-year(1961-2005) and 86-station observational precipitation data of Guangdong,and the causes of drought events are discussed from different angles(e.g.,atmospheric circulation,sea surface temperature) on the basis of global coverage datasets of sea surface temperature and atmospheric elements.It is found that the occurrence frequency of persistent drought events in Guangdong province is once every 26 months on average,and autumn-winter or winter-spring persistent drought events take up the majority.The persistent drought events possess large scale spatial characteristics.While the 1960s is the most frequent and strongest decade of drought events in the latter half of the 20th century,the occurrence is more frequent and the intensity is stronger in the first five years of the 21st century(2001-2005).This reflects the response of regional extreme climatic events in Guangdong to global climatic change.The atmospheric circulation,sea surface temperature,etc,appear to have different abnormal characteristics when drought events happen in different seasons.The results of this paper provide some good reference information for the drought forecast,especially for the dynamic interpretation of climatic model products. 相似文献
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Atmospheric CO2 removal is currently receiving serious consideration as a supplement or even alternative to emissions reduction. However the possible consequences of such a strategy for the climate system, and particularly for regional changes to the hydrological cycle, are not well understood. Two idealised general circulation model experiments are described, where CO2 concentrations are steadily increased, then decreased along the same path. Global mean precipitation continues to increase for several decades after CO2 begins to decrease. The mean tropical circulation shows associated changes due to the constraint on the global circulation imposed by precipitation and water vapour. The patterns of precipitation and circulation change also exhibit asymmetries with regard to changes in both CO2 and global mean temperature, but while the lag in global precipitation can be ascribed to different levels of CO2 at the same temperature state, the regional changes cannot. Instead, ocean memory and heat transfer are important here. In particular the equatorial East Pacific continues to warm relative to the West Pacific during CO2 ramp-down, producing an anomalously large equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature gradient and associated rainfall anomalies. The mechanism is likely to be a lag in response to atmospheric forcing between mixed-layer water in the east Pacific and the sub-thermocline water below, due to transport through the ocean circulation. The implication of this study is that a CO2 pathway of increasing then decreasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations may lead us to climate states during CO2 decrease that have not been experienced during the increase. 相似文献