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1.
湿位涡和倾斜涡度发展 总被引：266，自引：22，他引：266
从完整的原始方程出发，在导出精确形式的湿位涡方程的基础上，证得绝热无摩擦的饱和湿空气具有湿位涡守恒的特性。并由此去研究湿斜压过程中涡旋垂直涡度的发展。结果表明，在湿等熵坐标中，涡旋的发展与对流稳定度的减少，等熵面上的辐合和潜热的释放有关。由于等熵位涡分析的应用受等熵面倾斜的限制，又进而发展了Ｚ坐标及Ｐ坐标中的倾斜涡度发展理论。指出无论是湿对称不稳定或对流不稳定大气，还是湿对称稳定或对流稳定大气，除对流稳定度的影响外，风的垂直切变的增加或水平湿斜压的增加均能因湿等熵面的倾斜而引起垂直涡度的增长。湿等熵面的倾斜越大，这种由干湿斜压性加强所引起的涡旋发展更激烈。在梅雨锋附近及其南侧暖湿区的北端，湿等熵面十分陡立，是涡旋发展及暴雨发生的重要地区。对１９９１年６月１２—１５日江淮流域暴雨过程的湿位涡分析表明，湿位涡分析，尤其是等压面上湿位涡量ＭＰＶ１和ＭＰＶ２的分析不仅在中高纬有效，在低纬度及低对流层也十分有效，是暴雨诊断和预报的有力工具。 相似文献
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湿位涡（MPV）给出了大气短期行为的热力状态和涡旋运动之间的约束关系，这种关系导致了强降水这样的天气现象中涡旋爆发性增长的重要机制，它的大小与大气层结的状态、斜压性以及风的垂直切变有关，其正负符号取决这三者的配置。文章分析指出500 hPa上MPV1零线或0～20（0.1 PVU）的区域可作为强降水区的后界（西北界）。锋面南侧暖湿对流不稳定层结大气中，在对流层700 hPa及以下的中低层（低空急流之上）。存在着向东的正涡度环流对应MPV2的正值中心，该中心北部对应强降水区，而锋面北侧的对流稳定层结大气中， 相似文献
3.
ISENTROPIC POTENTIAL VORTICITY ANALYSIS ON THE MESOSCALE CYCLONE DEVELOPMENT IN A TORRENTIAL RAIN PROCESS* 
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下载免费PDF全文 The mesoscale model MM4 is used to simulate the torrential rain associated with Meiyu front occurring on 5-6 July.1991 in the Changjiang-Huaihe Basin.Based on the outputs of the model,the cause of the mesoscale cyclogenesis on the lower troposphere is investigated in terms of the potential vorticity principle.The results show that because of the favorable pattern of moist isentropic surface,the absolute vorticity increases when cold air with high moist potential vorticity value rapidly slides down southwards along the moist isentropic surface,and then causes the cyclonic vortex development. 相似文献
4.
This paper tests the impacts of cloud-induced mass forcing on the moist potential vorticity
(MPV) anomaly associated with torrential rains caused by Typhoon No.9914 (Dan) by using fine model
simulation data outputted by the Fifth-Generation NCAR / Penn State Mesoscale Model (MM5). The
diagnostic results show that the positive MPV anomaly region, which is obtained by integrating the MPV
from 600 hPa to 300 hPa in the vertical, roughly coincides with the precipitation at their synchronous
stages either in position or in the distribution pattern, and the maximum positive MPV area of Dan is
located mainly between 600 hPa and 300 hPa, which is much higher than torrential rain cases. Further
analyses also showed that the value of positive MPV anomaly increased or decreased with the development
of Dan, and the positive MPV anomaly may also be served as a tracer to indicate the evolution of tropical
cyclone intensity. 相似文献
5.
滇中暴雨的湿位涡诊断分析 总被引：50，自引：21，他引：29
应用湿位涡理论,对１９９８年６月滇中地区罕见的６场暴雨过程进行了诊断分析。结果表明：θｅ面陡立且南侧暖湿气流活跃,易导致湿斜压涡度发展,形成θｅ陡峭密集区,密集区内暴雨容易发生;湿空气对流活动层仅能达到５００ｈＰａ至６００ｈＰａ之间,若对流层低层ＭＰＶ１〈０,同时ＭＰＶ２〉０,易产生暴雨。 相似文献
6.
Up-sliding Slantwise Vorticity Development and the complete vorticity equation with mass forcing 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：15
The moist potential vorticity (MPV) equation is derived from complete atmospheric equations including the effect of mass forcing, with which the theory of Up-sliding Slantwise Vorticity Development (USVD) is proposed based on the theory of Slantwise Vorticity Development (SVD). When an air parcel slides up along a slantwise isentropic surface, its vertical component of relative vorticity will develop, and the steeper the isentropic surface is, the more violent the development will be. From the definition of MPV and the MPV equation produced here in, a complete vorticity equation is then put forward with mass forcing, which explicitly includes the effects of both internal forcings, such as variations of stability, baroclinicity, and vertical shear of horizontal wind, and external forcings, such as diabatic heating, friction, and mass forcing.When isentropic surfaces are flat, the complete vorticity equation matches its traditional counterpart. The physical interpretations of some of the items which are included in the complete vorticity equation but not in the traditional one are studied with a simplified model of the ChangjiangoHuaihe Meiyu front. A 60-h simulation is then performed to reproduce a torrential rain event in the ChangjiangoHuaihe region and the output of the model is studied qualitatively based on the theory of USVD. The result shows that the conditions of the theory of USVD are easily satisfied immediately in front of mesoscale rainstorms in the downwind direction, that is, the theory of USVD is important to the development and movement of these kinds of systems. 相似文献
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对山东省春秋季暴雨的气候特征和影响系统进行了分析, 制作了春秋季暴雨的平均环流形势图。分析了2003年春秋季两次大范围暴雨的环流特征和影响系统及暴雨期间大气的热力特征和水汽输送特征, 应用k-螺旋度和倾斜涡度发展理论, 分析了暴雨的形成机制。结果表明:4月暴雨均受气旋影响, 10月暴雨以冷锋影响居多。2003年4月17—18日为气旋暴雨, 10月10—12日为切变线冷锋暴雨。两次暴雨前都有低空偏南风急流向暴雨区输送水汽, 大气强烈增温增湿, 对流不稳定度增大, 湿斜压性增强。强冷锋南下触发对流不稳定能量释放, 产生暴雨。暴雨期间低层正k-螺旋度猛烈发展。暴雨前期中低层MPV1 < 0且MPV2 > 0, 冷锋影响期间MPV1 > 0且MPV2 < 0, 都有利于倾斜涡度发展, 增强了上升运动。 相似文献
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利用NCEP 1°×1°的6 h再分析资料和常规气象观测资料,对2012年7月21日发生在北京地区的一次大暴雨天气过程进行非地转湿Q矢量(Q*)和湿位涡等物理量诊断分析,研究暴雨期间Q*散度、锋生函数和湿位涡的时空分布特征,以及它们与强降水之间的关系。结果表明,Q*在850 hPa高度层上对暴雨表现出良好的诊断特性,冷、暖气流的汇聚加强了锋生作用,强锋生中心出现几小时后即出现暴雨。暴雨区位于Q*辐合区内,Q*散度对6 h后暴雨的落区有很好的指示意义。暴雨落区基本位于MPV1正、负值交界处的等值线密集带上以及MPV2负值区内。暴雨区上空,从近地面到对流层低层的对流性不稳定与条件性对称不稳定同时存在,两者共同作用,这很可能是此次暴雨的中尺度对流系统发生发展的重要条件之一。 相似文献
11.
Vertical vorticity development owing to down-sliding at slantwise isentropic surface 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Based upon the conservation of Ertel potential vorticity and moist potential vorticity, a ‘parcel dynamic’ approach is used to investigate the development of vertical vorticity of a parcel which is sliding down a slantwise isentropic surface. An accurate form of the tendency equation of vertical vorticity is deduced to interpret such slantwise vorticity development (SVD). In addition to those dynamic terms in the traditional vertical vorticity equation, the newly developed accurate form includes several thermal terms associated with the changes in stability, vertical wind shear and baroclinity. It is proved that the combinative impacts of these thermal terms on the development of vertical vorticity can be expressed by a succinct theory of SVD. According to this theory, when the horizontal component of potential vorticity and stability possess opposite signs, and the slantwise isentropic surfaces are very steep, the vorticity development of the down-sliding flow at such isentropes can be dramatic. It is also shown that in a convectively unstable and saturated atmosphere, such vorticity development must be accompanied by the development of a low-level jet. Study of a torrential rain process shows that moist potential vorticity analysis is a powerful tool in the study of torrential rain occurrence. Results from the present study are in agreement with the contentions of earlier workers that moist symmetric instability is the cause of some heavy rainbands. 相似文献
12.
MOIST POTENTIAL VORTICITY DIAGNOSIS OF A MEIYU FRONTAL HEAVY RAIN PROCESS SIMULATION DURING SUMMER, 1991 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 In this paper,the heavy rain process from June 30 to July 2,1991,has been simulated by MM4.and three-dimensional moist potential vorticity distribution of the simulation results has been calculated.It is shown that moist potential vorticity is an important physical variable to reveal heavy rain structure and dynamic mechanisms.Negative moist potential vorticity corresponds to the Meiyu front-wind shear line system and the negative center corresponds to the heavy rain center.Negative moist potential vorticity mainly attributes to the effects of meridional baroclinic term and convective unstable term.The former is favourable to the maintenance of zonal precipitation and the latter is the mechanism of the heavy rain center propagating along the rain belt.The heavy rain is contributed by the cooperative effects of conditional convective instability,baroclinic instability and upper air inertial instability. 相似文献
13.
MOIST POTENTIAL VORTICITY DIAGNOSIS OF A MEIYU FRONTAL HEAVY RAIN PROCESS SIMULATION DURING SUMMER,1991 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 In this paper,the heavy rain process from June 30 to July 2,1991,has been simulated by MM4.and three-dimensional moist potential vorticity distribution of the simulation results has beencalculated.It is shown that moist potential vorticity is an important physical variable to reveal heavyrain structure and dynamic mechanisms.Negative moist potential vorticity corresponds to the Meiyufront-wind shear line system and the negative center corresponds to the heavy rain center.Negativemoist potential vorticity mainly attributes to the effects of meridional baroclinic term and convectiveunstable term.The former is favourable to the maintenance of zonal precipitation and the latter is themechanism of the heavy rain center propagating along the rain belt.The heavy rain is contributed bythe cooperative effects of conditional convective instability,baroclinic instability and upper air inertialinstability. 相似文献
14.
广义湿位涡理论及其应用研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
押重点介绍了诊断暴雨落区与强度的广义湿位涡理论研究方面的两个内容,一是由于暴雨系统中强降水引起的质量亏空导致的暴雨系统中质量强迫下的湿位涡异常理论,二是非均匀饱和大气中的广义湿位涡理论;对暴雨系统中质量强迫的物理意义和非均匀饱和大气中的广义位温引入的思路与意义作了详细说明,并对位涡理论作了细致推导。在此基础上,针对暴雨个例,利用质量强迫的湿位涡异常和非均匀饱和广义湿位涡异常诊断了暴雨落区,从理论和诊断上论证了利用这两种湿位涡异常判断暴雨落区的可行性。 相似文献
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Impacts of cloud-induced mass forcing on the development of moist potential vorticity anomaly during torrential rains 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13
1. Introduction The Ertel (1942) potential vorticity (PV) has beenwidely used, especially in the studies of large-scale sys-tems (Hoskins et al., 1985; McIntyre and Norton, 2000;Wu et al., 1995; Wu and Liu, 1999). The vorticityequation in quasi-geostrophic ?ows only predicts thevariation of the vorticity and cannot provide a usefulconstraint to the vorticity. PV provides a constraintfor the variation of the vorticity in the baroclinic at-mosphere (Gao et al., 1990). The PV may not bec… 相似文献
17.
一次华南持续性暴雨的动力诊断分析和数值模拟 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用倾斜涡度发展（slantwise vorticity development,SVD）理论,对2008年6月中旬华南地区持续性暴雨进行了动力学机制的诊断分析,讨论了低空急流（10wleveljet,Lu）在低涡发展过程中起的作用,同时利用MM5数值模式对暴雨过程进行了验证并对模拟结果进行了进一步分析。结果表明,高原低涡的发展是前期广西地区降水的主要动力因素,由于湿等熵面相对地形倾斜,且气块沿等熵面有相对运动,同时满足热力学参数CM〈0的条件,使得SVD发生作用,导致低涡移出高原后得到进一步发展;而LLJ的增强改变了大气斜压性,是后期低涡继续东移发展,并造成广东地区持续性暴雨的重要原因。数值模拟控制试验结果很好地反映了这次低涡降水的发展过程。敏感性试验结果初步表明,LLJ改变了低层大气稳定度和风的垂直切变,即大气斜压性增强,从而促进了中尺度低涡的进一步发展。 相似文献
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切变线暴雨过程中湿位涡的中尺度时空特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用中尺度数值预报模式MM5V3.6,对2005年9月19—21日发生在山东中南部的区域性切变线暴雨天气过程进行了数值模拟。并用高时空分辨率的模式输出资料,对此次暴雨过程的湿位涡场特征进行了诊断分析。结果表明:θse面陡立易导致湿斜压涡度的发展,形成θse陡峭密集区,密集区内容易发生暴雨。通过湿位涡的分析,揭示了暴雨过程中湿位涡的中尺度演变特征和空间结构,表明切变线暴雨的发生发展与湿位涡的时空演变有很好的联系。暴雨主要出现在850hPa的ζMPV1负值区和ζMPV2正值区等值线密集区附近,降水中心位于ζMPV1负值中心前部对流不稳定区中。 相似文献
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利用NCEP再分析资料对2009年3月20日夜至21日凌晨豫北强对流天气过程进行了分析,结果表明：①导致这次强对流天气发生的湿位涡场分布特征为,对流层低层MPV1〉0,同时MPV2〈0;强对流发生时,对流高层表现为MPV1〉0,同时MPV2〈0,即高低层均为异常的湿对流稳定区。②强对流的发生发展与湿位涡的时空演变有着很好的对应关系,对流层高低层湿位涡“正负区垂直叠加”的配置是强对流天气发展的有利形势。这次强对流天气发生在低层湿位涡正压项等值线密集的零线附近以及大于零的区域和湿位涡斜压项的负值区,同时高层为湿位涡正压项等值线密集正值区域和湿位涡斜压项的负值区。③中低层急流和地面东路冷空气入侵高温高湿不稳定区是形成这次强对流天气的主要原因,中尺度对流云团是造成此次强对流天气的直接影响系统,且强对流发生前,近地面存在逆温层。 相似文献