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1.
在雪宝顶北麓的黄龙地区新发现的鲕状钙华包壳粒,是高寒区钙华形成环境中产出的一类典型陆相包覆颗粒构造。通过系统采样鲕状包壳粒沉积剖面,并借助常规显微镜、扫描电镜与能谱分析等,揭示出鲕状钙华包壳粒的矿物组分、微观结构等特征。结果表明:研究区的鲕状钙华包壳粒分为同心圆状、同心圆—放射状、薄壁同心圆状3种基本类型,包壳粒核部是由异地的钙华碎屑构成,外壳层是由泥晶与微亮晶方解石纹层围绕核部逐层形成的圈层构造;微观特征显示泥晶层无明显微生物成因发育特征。鲕状钙华包壳粒的微观形态与组构特征反映出壳体中的泥晶圈层可能形成于相对深的静水环境,亮晶圈层可能形成于浅水高能环境,鲕状钙华包壳粒的成因偏于鲕类而非核形石类。 相似文献
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3.
在现代和古代碳酸盐沉积物中,碳酸盐鲕粒的包壳结构类型均较多,因其常被用于恢复古海洋的化学、物理性质演化而备受关注。对碳酸盐鲕粒包壳的研究始于 1879年,此后现代和古代鲕粒包壳的原生和次生结构特征和成因均得到了详细描述和深入探讨;然而,目前仍存在对现代鲕粒包壳原生结构的部分术语定义不明确、对古代鲕粒包壳原生结构的特征识别和分类不尽准确等问题。文中归纳了现代鲕粒包壳的原生结构类型及其主要特征,指出鲕粒包壳结构组合的常见类型包括放射状、同心状、同心—放射状等,且对包壳结构组合类型的识别是鲕粒包壳结构研究的关键。古代鲕粒受成岩作用影响,包壳原生结构保存程度可能不尽相同,甚至完全被次生结构所替代,但其原生结构类型与现代鲕粒类似,以放射状和同心状结构为主,只是同心状结构中的切线状纹层难以识别。中国的古代鲕粒研究虽已取得大量成果,但在对包壳原生结构的识别和应用方面尚存在一些误区,故在借鉴现代鲕粒包壳结构研究成果的基础上,笔者以华南下奥陶统鲕粒为例,论述了对古代鲕粒包壳结构如何进行特征描述、如何识别出保存较好的原生结构及如何利用包壳结构组合类型进行鲕粒分类等问题,展示了古代鲕粒包壳原生结构研究的重要科学意义。 相似文献
4.
龙门山地区中泥盆统养马坝组铁质鲕粒是我国"宁乡式"鲕粒赤铁矿矿床重要铁质赋存形式。为查明龙门山地区泥盆系铁质鲕粒的沉积环境和成因机制,以甘溪石沟里剖面精细实测为基础,通过薄片鉴定和扫描电镜分析,对铁质鲕粒的沉积特征进行了详细研究。研究结果表明:龙门山地区甘溪石沟里泥盆系养马坝组铁质富集于生屑灰岩、鲕粒生屑灰岩和生屑鲕粒灰岩,呈层状或透镜状夹于粉砂质泥岩和泥岩中。铁质鲕粒是重要的铁质赋存载体,类型多样,根据鲕粒成分可将其划分为灰泥鲕粒、绿泥石鲕粒、铁化鲕粒和铁质鲕粒4种类型。龙门山地区石沟里剖面养马坝组铁质鲕粒沉积于有障壁海岸的潟湖环境中,根据鲕粒的纵横向分布特征,建立了有障壁海岸铁质鲕粒的成因分布模式,从障积滩外侧、障积滩内侧到潟湖,依次发育灰泥鲕粒、铁化鲕粒、绿泥石真鲕、绿泥石薄皮鲕和铁质鲕粒。 相似文献
5.
对北京西山下苇甸剖面寒武系徐庄组鲕粒灰岩进行了观察和研究,在其中不仅发现了有核及无核同心-放射状鲕、单(或多)晶鲕、泥晶鲕和复合鲕,而且还发现了暗色颗粒包壳、凝聚颗粒和黄铁矿聚集体等特殊组构。暗色颗粒包壳的发现尚属首次,其可能是丝状蓝细菌菌体的残留物。凝聚颗粒由方解石或白云石构成,可能代表了微生物席内的含氧气泡。生物碎屑上的附着体可能是微生物群落的痕迹,在其内部发现有类似鲕粒的球状颗粒。复合鲕胶结松散,包壳不发育,表明其可能形成于相对稳定的水体环境。研究表明,徐庄组鲕粒可能形成于水动力条件相对较弱的浅海环境中,微生物在鲕粒的形成过程中发挥了较大的作用。 相似文献
6.
朱伟鹏 《沉积与特提斯地质》2023,43(1):87-100
宁乡式铁矿是我国南方最具代表性的沉积型铁矿,为了探讨其沉积特征与成矿机制,本文借助偏光显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和TESCAN综合矿物分析仪,选取采自桂东北、鄂西成矿区的若干矿石样品进行岩石学和沉积学研究,深入剖析铁质鲕粒的显微组构和地球化学特征。结果显示宁乡式铁矿为混积岩,具有典型的鲕状结构,可划分为砂岩型、灰岩型和混合型等三种类型,赋存于中泥盆统信都组、上泥盆统黄家磴组和写经寺组地层中,含矿岩系总体为一套砂岩、泥页岩和泥灰岩组合,形成于区域海侵背景下的滨海、滨–浅海转换带;矿石中铁质鲕粒形态多样,粒径多集中于0.2～0.5 mm,少数铁质鲕粒的矿物相和主量元素呈圈层状分布,核心可为石英或生物碎屑充填,外部为赤铁矿、鲕绿泥石及胶磷矿环带互层。研究表明矿石的形成可划分为成矿物质准备期、铁质鲕粒形成期和铁矿沉积期三个阶段,强烈的古陆风化作用提供了成矿物质来源,成矿物质在机械沉积作用、胶体化学沉积作用和生物沉积作用下富集并沉淀,期间经历了复杂的氧化还原过程,最终压实固结为宁乡式铁矿。 相似文献
7.
龙门山区中泥盆统养马坝组底部发育丰富的铁质鲕粒。为分析该铁质鲕粒成因,本文以甘溪石沟里剖面精细实测为基础,通过详细的薄片和扫描电镜等分析,对铁质鲕粒的特征进行了研究,分析结果表明:龙门山区北川甘溪泥盆系养马坝组鲕粒类型多样,鲕粒核心包括石英碎屑颗粒、海百合碎片、黑色赤铁矿和方解石等4种类型,鲕粒圈层可分为明暗相间圈层、颜色均匀圈层和绿泥石圈层等3种类型。根据鲕粒核心和外部圈层的组合,可将甘溪泥盆系养马坝组的铁质鲕粒划分为粉砂质鲕粒、铁化鲕粒和绿泥石薄皮鲕粒等3种类型。龙门山区北川甘溪泥盆系养马坝组铁质鲕粒对古环境具有重要的指示意义,粉砂质鲕粒形成于开放近岸浅海氧化环境,而铁化鲕粒和绿泥石薄皮鲕粒则指示浅海滨岸中相对封闭的泻湖与残积鲕粒滩环境。 相似文献
8.
滇东南中三叠统法郎组锰矿床微生物成因的新证据 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在滇东南中三叠统拉丁阶法郎组锰矿床的矿石中一般都可以观察到鲕、豆状结构,同心环带构造.对采自这一地区的斗南、岩子脚、老乌等典型矿床的锰矿石样品进行了系统的薄片显微镜和扫描电镜观察,同时应用阴极发光技术对有代表性的样品进行了分析.根据对鲕、豆状结构矿石显微结构特征的研究发现,这些矿石中的鲕、豆状结构是蓝绿藻类微生物凝聚形成的显微叠层构造,具有核形石特有的核心和包壳,其明暗纹层相间的显微结构特征可以与现代深海大洋铁锰结核类比,初步研究结果表明,该区锰的富集可能与微生物活动密切相关. 相似文献
9.
巨鲕的产出时代多见于新元古代和早三叠世,而寒武纪的巨鲕却鲜见报道。近期,笔者在重庆石柱地区下寒武统天河板组中发现厚约35cm的透镜状巨鲕灰岩。在该层巨鲕灰岩中,巨鲕粒径一般为5～7mm,最大可达9mm,约占岩石组分的55％,与大量强烈重结晶的正常鲕粒伴生。钙质生物壳体较常见,颗粒间见亮晶方解石胶结物。研究区巨鲕最外圈纹层上常见蓝细菌化石,形成发育不完全的突起状“夭折的纹层”;巨鲕内的暗色纹层中亦见杂乱交错的、有一定重结晶的蓝细菌等微生物化石。故推测其为微生物成因形成的,且早寒武世频繁的强风暴背景和蓝细菌等微生物的积极参与是该层巨鲕形成的必备条件。 相似文献
10.
本文应用显微镜和扫描电镜对下石炭统马角坝组顶部的铁质鲕粒的研究发现:铁质鲕粒由核心和同心圈层组成,核心成分主要是赤铁矿碎屑和石英颗粒,圈层厚度较小,整体呈胶状形态,由赤铁矿围绕核心呈致密板状平行排列,整体上结构一致;铁质鲕粒是在适合的pH、Eh条件下,大量铁质围绕石英碎屑或矿物碎屑转动时胶体沉积形成的,沉积环境为潮间-潮下的浅水动荡环境,是大规模海退暴露后海平面初始上升期的产物。 相似文献
11.
Ferriferous ooids and microoncoids occur in many sedimentary iron formations. These ferriferous-coated grains are found in fine-grained carbonate-rich groundmasses. Iron mineral-encrusted microbiota are observed in both the coated grains and the groundmass. The branching nature and other morphological features of the microorganisms suggest fungal origins for the oolitic iron ores particularly of the Lower Jurassic (Lorraine Minette). The similarity of the microbial structures in coated grains and their groundmasses suggests that both had developed within microbial mats growing under calm environmental conditions. The contribution of stromatolitic marine fungal mats to the fast extraction and immobilization of iron and thus to the genesis of iron ores is demonstrated. Observations on well-preserved freshwater-derived fungal stromatolites of the Tertiary and laboratory experiments with organotrophic fungal mats confirm the findings on the Jurassic and imply a general role of microorganisms in the formation of such deposits. 相似文献
12.
It is shown that siderite is unstable during sedimentation, diagenesis, and metamorphism of sedimentary and volcanosedimentary rocks. Regularities in the distribution of siderite in Precambrian jaspilites (iron formations), metasomatic ores of the Bakal type, continental–marine coaliferous formations, and oolitic iron ores are discussed. The genesis of the Precambrian iron formations and Riphean–Lower Paleozoic elisional–hydrothermal deposits is considered. The genetic relation of nodular siderites from coaliferous formations and oolitic iron ores with lowmoor coal-forming peat deposits is noted. 相似文献
13.
Iron and phosphorite ores are very common in the geological record of Egypt and exploitable for economic purposes. In some cases these deposits belong together to the same geographic and geologic setting. The most common deposits include phosphorites, glauconites, and iron ores. Phosphorites are widely distributed as a belt in the central and southern part of Egypt. Sedimentary iron ores include oolitic ironstone of Aswan area and karstified iron ore of Bahria Oasis. Glauconites occur in the Western Desert associated with phosphorites and iron ores. As these ores are exploitable and phosphorus in iron ores and iron in phosphorites are considered as gangue elements, the iron–phosphorus relationship is examined in these deposits to clarify their modes of occurrences and genetic relationship based on previously published results.Phosphorus occurs mainly as carbonate fluorapatite (francolite). Iron, on the other hand, occurs in different mineralogical forms such as glauconites, hematite, limonite and goethite.In P-rich rocks (phosphorites) no relationship is observed between iron and phosphorus, which in turn indicates that the FeP model is unlikely to interpret the origin of the late Cretaceous phosphorites and the association of phosphorites and glauconites in Egypt. In Fe-rich rocks (iron ores and glauconites) also no relationship between iron and phosphorus is observed. The present work, therefore, does not support the hypothesis that there is a genetic relationship between phosphorus and iron in sedimentary rocks. 相似文献
14.
Mineralogical-geochemical features of different facies types of sedimentary iron ore deposits are described. Particular attention is paid to deposits associated with the weathering crusts of ultramafic igneous rocks and to marine oolitic iron ores. The multistage formation of their geochemical properties is proved available geochemical models are considered. 相似文献
15.
The Coniacian-Santonian high-phosphorus oolitic iron ore at Aswan area is one of the major iron ore deposits in Egypt. However, there are no reports on its geochemistry, which includes trace and rare earth elements evaluation. Texture, mineralogy and origin of phosphorus that represents the main impurity in these ore deposits have not been discussed in previous studies. In this investigation, iron ores from three localities were subjected to petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical analyses. The Aswan oolitic iron ores consist of uniform size ooids with snowball-like texture and tangentially arranged laminae of hematite and chamosite. The ores also possess detrital quartz, apatite and fine-grained ferruginous chamosite groundmass. In addition to Fe2O3, the studied iron ores show relatively high contents of SiO2 and Al2O3 due to the abundance of quartz and chamosite. P2O5 ranges from 0.3 to 3.4 wt.% showing strong positive correlation with CaO and suggesting the occurrence of P mainly as apatite. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the occurrence of this apatite as hydroxyapatite. Under the optical microscope and scanning electron microscope, hydroxyapatite occurred as massive and structureless grains of undefined outlines and variable size (5–150 μm) inside the ooids and/or in the ferruginous groundmass. Among trace elements, V, Ba, Sr, Co, Zr, Y, Ni, Zn, and Cu occurred in relatively high concentrations (62–240 ppm) in comparison to other trace elements. Most of these trace elements exhibit positive correlations with SiO2, Al2O3, and TiO2 suggesting their occurrence in the detrital fraction which includes the clay minerals. ΣREE ranges between 129.5 and 617 ppm with strong positive correlations with P2O5 indicating the occurrence of REE in the apatite. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns showed LREE enrichment over HREE ((La/Yb)N = 2.3–5.4) and negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.75–0.89). The oolitic texture of the studied ores forms as direct precipitation of iron-rich minerals from sea water in open space near the sediment-water interface by accretion of FeO, SiO2, and Al2O3 around suspended solid particles such as quartz and parts of broken ooliths. The fairly uniform size of the ooids reflects sorting due to the current action. The geochemistry of major and trace elements in the ores reflects their hydrogenous origin. The oolitic iron ores of the Timsha Formation represent a transgressive phase of the Tethys into southern Egypt during the Coniacian-Santonian between the non-marine Turonian Abu Agag and Santonian-Campanian Um Barmil formations. The abundance of detrital quartz, positive correlations between trace elements and TiO2 and Al2O3, and the abundance mudstone intervals within the iron ores supports the detrital source of Fe. This prediction is due to the weathering of adjacent land masses from Cambrian to late Cretaceous. The texture of the apatite and the REE patterns, which occurs entirely in the apatite, exhibits a pattern similar to those in the granite, thus suggesting a detrital origin of the hydroxyapatite that was probably derived from the Precambrian igneous rocks. Determining the mode of occurrence and grain size of hydroxyapatite assists in the maximum utilization of both physical and biological separation of apatite from the Aswan iron ores, and hence encourages the use of these ores as raw materials in the iron making industry. 相似文献
16.
E. V. Golubovskaya 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2005,40(2):187-190
The REE distribution in alluvial, deltaic, liman, and lacustrine oolitic iron ores in the northern Aral region is analyzed. In general, the iron ores are relatively enriched in LREE. The REE distribution patterns are sufficiently similar in different facies, although the contents may slightly vary owing to specific features of the mineral and chemical compositions.Translated from Litologiya i Poleznye Iskopaemye, No. 2, 2005, pp. 215–219.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Golubovskaya. 相似文献
17.
Michael M. Kimberley 《地学学报》1994,6(2):116-132
Ironstone is any chemical sedimentary rock with > 15% Fe. An iron formation is a stratigraphic unit which is composed largely of ironstone. The solutes which have precipitated to become ironstone have dissolved from the Earth's surface, from the upper crust, e.g. the basaltic layer of oceanic crust, or from deeper within the Earth. Genetic modellers generally choose between surficial weathering, e.g. soil formation, and hydrothermal fluids which have convected through the upper kilometre of oceanic crust. Most genetic modellers attribute cherty laminated iron formations to hydrothermal convection and noncherty oolitic iron formations to surficial weathering. However, both types of iron formations are attributable to the exhalation of fluids from a source region too deep for convection of seawater. Evidence for a deep source of ferriferous fluids comes from a comparison of ancient ironstone with modern ferriferous sediment in coastal Venezuela. A deep-source origin for ironstone has wide-ranging implications for the origins of other chemical sedimentary ores, e.g. phosphorite, manganostone, bedded magnesite, sedimentary uranium ore, various karst-filling ores, and even petroleum. Preliminary study of a modern oolitic iron deposit described herein suggests that the source of iron and silica to iron formations may have been even deeper than envisioned within most hydrothermal convection models. 相似文献
18.
郭有录 《沉积与特提斯地质》1989,9(5):33-43
本溪早期地层(铁铝岩段)在山西省分布甚广,矿产资源丰富,不仅有铝土矿、粘土矿,而且还赋存有铁矿、黄铁矿等,是本省的重要含矿层位之一。近年来,笔者参加了山西省石炭纪岩相古地理编图工作,对本溪早期岩相古地理特征及各类矿产成矿规律有些粗浅认识,借此与同行们共同探讨。一、地层概况本溪早期地层自下而上由铁质岩、铝质岩和泥质岩三种基本岩石类型所组成。由于受下伏碳酸盐岩古风化壳的制约,岩层厚度变化较大(图1);基底地形低凹处厚度大,凸起处变 相似文献
19.
The Middle–Upper Jurassic boundary in the westernmost Tethyan basins is marked by a discontinuity. A thin iron crust with ferruginous ooids and pisoids and an overlying ferruginous oolitic limestone lithofacies occur in a genetic relationship to this discontinuity with a reduced thickness (< 50 cm) and very local distribution in the Prebetic Zone (Betic Cordillera).The ferruginous coated grains are subdivided into two types. Type A ooids are characterised by thin, regular lamination in concentric layers enclosing a nucleus; they are dominant in the top of the iron crust (100% of the ferruginous ooids) and in the ferruginous oolitic limestone (82%). Type B ooids typically have thick, irregular lamination in a few discontinuous concentric layers enclosing a variable nucleus including bioclasts and foraminifera; they are exclusive to the ferruginous oolitic limestone (18% of the ferruginous ooids). The bulk chemical composition varies between 80% Fe2O3 by weight in the iron crust and 67% by weight in the coated grains. In the ferruginous ooids, the contents in SiO2 (5.4%), Al2O3 (6.5%), P2O5 (3.6%), and CaO (4.7%) are higher than in the crust. Trace elements (V, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Y, Mo, and Pb) in both the crust and ooids show enriched values compared with the bulk composition of the upper continental crust. The mineral composition of the iron crust and ooids is primarily goethite, with small amounts of Al-hydroxide (bohemite) and apatite, whereas hematite is identified only in the iron crust.The Type A ooids are interpreted as having an origin related to the iron crust. Since there is no evidence to support a marine genesis for the iron crust, the possibility of a subaerial origin is presented here. The crust has characteristics (chemical and mineralogical composition) similar to those of ferruginous pisolitic plinthite (highly weathered redoximorphic soil), and goethite shows an Al-substitution range (5–10 mol%) that indicates pedogenic conditions. Soil processes under periodic hydrous conditions are suggested; groundwater soils with hydrous conditions are congruent with the formation of the Type A ferruginous ooids and pisoids. In this situation, a coastal plain with periodically flooded soils would be the likeliest scenario. Callovian shallow carbonate shelf was possibly emerged and weathered, followed by marine sedimentation during the Middle Oxfordian, associated with major flooding of the Prebetic shelf and the erosion of ferruginous pisolitic plinthite. The first marine deposit was ferruginous oolitic limestones. Fragments of iron crust and Type A ferruginous ooids were reworked and incorporated into the marine sediments. A second phase of ferruginous ooids (Type B) with clear marine features developed, benefiting from iron-rich microenvironments due to the redistribution from iron crust fragments and Type A ferruginous ooids. 相似文献