共查询到16条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
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大气折射是对天文测量精度影响较大的因素之一,至今无法将其完全消除,只能尽量减弱.因此,处理好大气折射改正,是提高天文测量精度的一项重要任务.文中分析了大气折射的特点,介绍了传统天文测量对大气折射的处理方法;研究并实现了新的处理大气折射的方法,给出了具体解算公式.新方法的应用,使天文测量的效率、精度都得以大大提高. 相似文献
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GPS测量的中性大气折射改正的研究 总被引：39，自引：3，他引：36
中性大气对ＧＰＳ信号的折射影响是ＧＰＳ测量的重要误差源之一。测量定位的垂直分量精度的提高,受到中性大气延迟改正程度很强制约。 相似文献
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在大气折射延迟模型中避免采用大气分布模型的论证 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
天文大气折射是经典天体测量学和大地测量的一项误差源,大气折射延迟是空间大地测量技术中的一项重要误差源,它们的改正模型都直接与大气折射率和大气分布模型有关。文章简述了大气的垂直分布状况,以及大气折射率(或折射率差)因地和因方位而异的情况,分析了目前只能采用球对称大气分布模型的原因。论证了随测站和随方位而异的天文大气折射和电磁波大气折射延迟实测模型建立的必要性和可能性。实测模型已经包含了测站上空大气实际分布及其非球对称的特性,不必再去寻找或建立随地势而异和随季节而变的大气分布模型,避免了大气分布模型选择不当的影响,从而排除了空间大地测量技术中的一项主要误差源。 相似文献
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天文定位是一种重要的导航定位方法,被广泛应用于大地天文测量、天文航海等领域。该方法中观测恒星的选择会影响最终的定位精度,目前缺少针对同时测定经纬度天文定位算法中最优选星问题的研究。随着观测仪器自动化水平的提高,观测数据的获取变得更加高效,这就要求研究最优的选星方案以达到最高的定位精度。本文借鉴卫星导航中几何精度衰减因子GDOP的概念,研究了天顶距法中恒星的数量以及分布对定位精度的影响,最后通过仿真试验和实测数据验证得到结论:在天顶距观测误差的统计特性一定时,GDOP能够用来描述恒星的分布对定位结果影响的优劣,且观测的恒星方位角均匀分布时定位误差最小。考虑到不同高度的恒星天顶距大气折射改正残差不同,在实际测量中应尽量采用等天顶距且方位角均匀分布的恒星。 相似文献
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大气折射是ＧＰＳ测量中主要的误差源之一，它大大限制了ＧＰＳ定位特别是单点定位精度的提高，这主要是由于我们对大气的瞬间分布特性及其变化规律还缺乏准确了 解，所以无法找到比较精确的大气折射误差模型。 相似文献
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三角高程测量中大气折光改正的教学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
三角高程测量因大气折光影响而使精度受损。介绍从测定大气温度、压强入手,确定大气折射率、求出大气折光差角,从而消除大气折光对三角高程测量的影响的方法。 相似文献
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石雪强;程新文;杨翠莲 《东北测绘》2013,(2):173-175
水准测量传递高程适合在地势平坦的地区,但在地形复杂的地区会受到制约。用全站仪精密三角高程测量方法来代替二等水准测量,通过同时对向观测方法,消除或减弱大气折光、仪器高量取误差等对测量精度的影响,满足二等水准测量精度要求,在武咸铁路勘测应用中证明是可行的。 相似文献
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Summary The discrepancy between precision and accuracy in astronomical determinations is usually explained in two ways: on the one
hand by ostensible large refraction anomalies and on the other hand by variable instrumental errors which are systematic over
a certain interval of time and which are mainly influenced by temperature.In view of the research of several other persons and the author’s own investigations, the authors are of the opinion that
the large night-errors of astronomical determinations are caused by variable, systematic instrumental errors dependent on
temperature. The influence of refraction anomalies is estimated to be smaller than 0″.1 for most of the field stations.
The possibility of determining the anomalous refraction from the observations by the programme given by Prof. Pavlov and Anderson
has also been investigated. The precision of the determination of the anomalous refraction is good as long as no other systematic
error working in a similar way is present.The results, which are interpreted as an effect of the anomalous refraction by Pavlov and Sergijenko, could also be interpreted
as a systematic instrumental error.
It is furthermore maintained thatthe latitude and longitude of a field station can be determined in a few hours of one night if the premisses given in [3, p.68]are kept.
It has been deplored that the determination of the azimuth has not been given the necessary attention. It is therefore proposed
to intensify the research on this problem.
The profession has been called upon to acquaint itself better with the valuable possibilities of astronomical determinations
and to apply them in a useful and appropriate manner. At the same time, attention has been called to the possibility of improving
astronomical determinations with regard to accuracy as well as effectiveness. 相似文献
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《测量评论》2013,45(82):177-184
AbstractA method of applying azimuth control to a survey is given in which the precision with which the astronomical position must be determined is proportional to tan (altitude) instead of tan (latitude) as in the orthodox method. By using the method with stars of low altitude the observational difficulties are greatly reduced, especially in high latitudes. Methods of observation and reduction are discussed which make it possible to avoid altogether special observations to determine the astronomical position. 相似文献