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Zusammenfassung Die intermediären bis basischen Plutonite des Nördlichen Waldviertels aus dem Raum Gebharts-Pfaffenschlag werden petrologisch untersucht und ihre Genese sowie ihr möglicher Zusammenhang mit den großen granitischen Intrusionen dieses Bereiches diskutiert. Nach Mineralbestand und Chemismus können diese basischen Gesteine im Wesentlichen als Quarzmonzodiorite und Quarzmonzonite klassifiziert werden. Es wird gezeigt, daß diese Plutonite trotz variablem Chemismus einen weitgehend ähnlichen Entwicklungstrend aufweisen. Die Kristallisationsfolge beginnt je nach Ausgangschemismus mitOpx undKpx; mit steigendemP
H2O erfolgte eine vollständige Uralitisierung der Pyroxene unter Bildung von Anthophyllit oder Mg- und Ca-Amphibolen. Der Abbau von Cummingtonit zu Biotit sowie die Verdrängung von Korund durch Margarit und die Bildung von Diaspor aus Spinell in Resorptionsschlieren spricht für eine langsame Abkühlrate unter kontrolliertenP
H2O-Bedingungen. Die untersuchten dioritischen Gesteine werden aufgrund ihrer tieftemperierten Umwandlungsreaktionen als synorogene Intrusionen angesehen, wobei einP
H2O 3 kb P
total bei einer angenommenen H2O-Sättigung der Schmelze einer Mindestintrusionstiefe von 12 km entspricht.Geochemisch sind die untersuchten Massengesteine anhand einiger Element-Quotienten von Krustenmaterial abzuleiten, wobei aber eine Beteiligung von Mantelmaterial nicht ganz ausgeschlossen werden kann. Die Haupt- und Spurenelementgehalte zeigen eine klare Entwicklungstendenz vom Gabbro von Kleinzwettl über Hornblende- und Biotitdiorite und Wolfsegger Granit bis zu den sauren Graniten vom Typus Schrems und Mauthausen und deren Ganggefolge. Daraus läßt sich ableiten, daß speziell die Diorite ein Produkt einer magmatischen Differentiation darstellen und gewissermaßen als basische Vorläufer der jüngeren Granite aufzufassen sind. Aufgrund von Tracht, Habitus und Wachstumstendenz der akzessorischen Zirkone ist allerdings eine direkte genetische Verwandtschaft zwischen den Dioriten (und dem Gabbro von Kleinzwettl) einerseits und den Graniten vom Typus Mauthausen, Schrems und Wolfsegg nicht anzunehmen. Tracht, Habitus und Einschlußtypen der Zirkone der basischen Gesteine schließen dagegen eine genetische Bindung zur Masse des Weinsberger Granites nicht aus. Trotz der sehr deutlichen geochemischen Entwicklungstendenz der untersuchten Massengesteine ist daher eine gewisse Eigenständigkeit der Magmenentwicklung der Diorite und deren gabbroider Vorläufer anzunehmen.
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The petrology of diorites in the northern Waldviertel, lower Austria
Summary The petrology of the intermediate and basic igneous rocks of the northern Waldviertel in the area Gebharts-Pfaffenschlag has been investigated. The genesis of these rocks and their genetic correlation with the big granite intrusions of this area is discussed. These basic igneous rocks can be classified as quartzmonzodiorites and quartzmonzonites.Despite distinct variations in chemical composition the plutonites exhibit a similar crystallization trend. The crystallization sequence starts with the formation ofopx andcpx and depends on the primary chemical composition of the magma. With increasingP H2O the pyroxenes become completely uralitized favouring the formation of anthophyllite or Mg- and Ca-amphiboles. Both, the degradation of cummingtonite to biotite and the replacement of corundum by margarite as well as the formation of diaspore from spinel in resorption spots point to a slow cooling rate under controlledP H2O-pressure. Because of their low temperature conversion reactions the investigated dioritic rocks may be interpreted as synorogenic intrusions. AP H2O 3 kb P total corresponds to an intrusion depth of 12 km if saturation of H2O of the magma is supposed.Geochemically the investigated igneous rocks may be compared to crustal material, although participation of mantle material cannot be excluded. The main and trace elements develop a clear crystallization trend from the gabbro of Kleinzwettl, hornblende and biotite diorites and Wolfsegger granite to the acid granites of the Schrems and Mauthausen type and their gangue rocks. From this it may be inferred that especially the diorites are products of magmatic differentiation and may be interpreted as basic precursors of the younger granites. Nevertheless, no direct genetic relationship seems to exist between the diorites (and the gabbro of Kleinzwettl) on the one hand and the granites of Mauthausen, Schrems and Wolfsegg on the other hand. This is proved by crystal habit, shape and growth trends of the accessory zircons of these rocks. However, habit, shape and types of inclusions of the accessory zircons of the basic rocks do not preclude a genetic relationship to the intrusion of the Weinsberger granite. Despite the clear geochemical trend of the igneous rocks investigated a certain uniqueness in the development of the diorites and their gabbroic precursor has to be assumed.
Mit 11 Abbildungen 相似文献
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Dr. Niranjan D. Chatterjee 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1964,53(2):536-550
Tectonic analysis within the Mesozoic sequence of the Pennine belt in the vicinity of the northern Dora-Maira massif resulted in the discovery of three different B-axes of Alpine age:
- 1.The oldest one with NNW-trending axes is found to have been developed exclusively to the south and west of the Ambin massif, followed by 相似文献
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Sjoerd J.P. Bohncke 《第四纪科学杂志》2000,15(5):557-558
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Xenoliths from the upper mantle and lower crust are abundant in Plio–Pleistocene alkali basalts of the Nógrád-Gömör Volcanic Field (NGVF; northern Pannonian Basin, northern Hungary/southern Slovakia), representing a valuable ‘probe’ of lithospheric structures and processes. Ultramafic xenoliths have been divided into two groups: (1) Type-I, composed mostly of olivine with subsidiary orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and spinel, and (2) Type-II, containing mostly Al- and Ti-rich clinopyroxene with subordinate olivine, spinel and plagioclase. Both types often contain amphibole and, to a lesser extent, mica. The refractory character of Type-I xenoliths suggests they represent mantle depleted by prior episodes of partial melting. In contrast, Type-II series (wehrlites, olivine clinopyroxenites, clinopyroxenites and plagioclase-bearing ultramafic lithologies), on the basis of their textural features, thermobarometric histories and major and trace element variation, appear to have formed as magmatic cumulates. Petrologic and geochemical studies of Type-II xenoliths from Nógrád-Gömör suggest they crystallized from basaltic melts emplaced within the lithospheric mantle and lower crust, prior to the onset of Plio–Pleistocene volcanic activity. After their consolidation, metasomatic agents reacted with the anhydrous cumulate phases producing amphiboles and micas at the expense of olivine and clinopyroxene. The metasomatic agents appear to have been adakitic rather than basaltic in composition, possibly linked to a retreating arc–forearc system. Large-scale contamination of the lithospheric mantle can therefore be attributed to fluid and melt fractions related to subduction beneath the outer Carpathian arc. 相似文献
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S.I. Shkol'nik L.Z. Reznitskii V.G. Belichenko I.G. Barash 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2009,50(9):779-788
The geochemical composition of metavolcanics (metabasalts and metaandesites) of the Tunka terrane is considered. They are differently enriched in incompatible elements relative to N-MORB. The geochemical features of the basalts (LILE and LREE enrichment, Zr and Hf negative anomalies) point to the suprasubductional nature of synsedimentary volcanism; at the same time, the rocks lack negative Nb, Ta, and Ti anomalies. Comparison of the Tunka metavolcanics with those of modern geodynamic settings shows their analogy to back-arc basin basalts. 相似文献
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Volkmar Stingl 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1987,76(2):647-664
For the first time the origin of the Alpine Buntsandstein (Scythian) in the western part of the Northern Calcarous Alps is outlined by lithofacies types and their relations. The eastern realm of Tyrol seemed to be interesting because of the transition from the terrestric-fluviatile facies of the Alpine Buntsandstein to the marine Werfen beds and the marine influence on the Alpine Buntsandstein. Lithology and sedimentary petrology enable a classification as redcoloured Lower Buntsandstein and white and grey Upper Buntsandstein. Analyses of sedimentary structures, lithofacies types and paleocurrent directions show, that most of the Lower Buntsandstein is composed of sandstones of a braided fluvial system, whose uppermost part ist replaced by sediments of a coastal plain only in the eastern part of Tyrol. Marginal marine influence is testified by sporadic occurrence of gypsum, increased carbonate content, bimodal current directions and trace fossils (Diplocraterion). Fluviatile sedimentation of the Upper Buntsandstein, starting above, is rapidly suppressed by transgression of the »Werfen Sea« from E to W, resulting in the development of estuaries, lastly being replaced by the marine Werfen beds. 相似文献
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Burkhard Hofmeister 《Geoforum》1974,5(4):108-109
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Franois Michaud 《Cretaceous Research》1988,9(4)
Au Chiapas, sud-est du Mexique, la Formation Angostura d'âge Maastrichtien est riche en grands formanifères benthiques et en algues dasycladacées. Parmi celles-ci, nous avons reconnu une nouvelle forme, Neogyroporella? servaisi n. sp., qui se caractérise par un seul ordre de ramifications disposées en verticille et de type vésiculifère.In the State of Chiapas (SE Mexico), the Maastrichtian Angostura Formation is very rich in large benthic foraminifera and Dasycladaceae. We describe a new species. Neogyroporella? servaisi n. sp., which is characterized by having primary branches arranged in whorls of a vesicular type. 相似文献
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This contribution is a short history of the Zambian copper flower, Becium homblei (recently renamed B. centraliafricanum that has attracted attention as a plant associated with Cu-rich soils. It has a peculiar discontinuous distribution in Central Africa which has been explained in terms of biotype depletion. A field investigation into the ecology of the species shows that it is able to tolerate soil Cu concentrations of up to 15,000 μg/g (ppm), and soil nickel concentrations of nearly 5000 μg/g. B. homblei is also found on areas where soil metals are in trace quantities, and where soil bases, particularly Ca, are low. In spite of its tolerance to a wide range of edaphic conditions, the distribution of the species is very restricted in Zimbabwe, and this is almost certainly due to severe interspecific competition with a closely related species, B. obovatum, which is common on soils not unusually enriched in heavy metals. Pioneering work on geobotanical prospecting by use of Becium homblei was carried out by the late G. Woodward and others in the 1950s and 1960s. This species was used successfully for geobotanical prospecting for Cu. This present report is a brief history of these pioneering studies 相似文献