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1.
El Bey river, which drains 60% of the pollutant load of several urban cities in the northeast of Tunisia, provides a good example of the transfer of organic and metallic pollutants that result from industrial and urban activity, and can be used to show how these charges are transported and discharged into the Gulf of Tunis. Persistent organic pollutants (PAH and PCB) in dissolved, particulate matter, bed sediments, and three wastewater effluents in El Bey watershed were analyzed. PAH (∑14PAHs) concentration ranged from 0.248 to 9.955 mg L?1 and from 0.836 to 28.539 mg L?1 in dissolved and particulate fraction respectively. The particulate/dissolved partition coefficient value (Kd) was less than one which confirmed the affinity of PAH to be adsorbed. In sediment, the high-molecular weight PAHs were found principally with percentage between 50 and 100% witch present 239.99 to 5362.19 μg kg?1, which is relatively higher in comparison with other estuaries river. Contrary to PAH patterns, PCB were bound to dissolve fraction. Kd (PCB) value (Kd?>?1) reflected this affinity which is related to environment energy. The spatial distribution and profile of analyzed organic pollutants confirmed the direct impact of wastewater effluent on the organic pollution level in three compartment of El Bey watershed and his profiles suggested different transport patterns.  相似文献   

2.
The Ponnaiyar River is one of the largest rivers of the Tamil Nadu state (India), flowing a distance of 430 km from its point of origin to the sea. This work contributes with new data of magnetic and elemental composition of river sediments, and improves the knowledge obtained by preliminary and previous studies of rivers from Southeastern India. Magnetic susceptibility, anhysteretic and isothermal remanent magnetization and chemical determinations (major and trace metals) were measured. Magnetic results reveal the predominance of magnetite-like mineral with magnetic grain size variations along the river and in depth. Most of the uppermost samples have the major presence of trace metals and higher values of magnetic concentration. Magnetic and chemical variables were also analysed as potential pollution indicators using multivariate statistical techniques: canonical correlation and fuzzy c-means clustering analyses, which confirmed the existence of relationships, but not in a simple way, between magnetic and chemical variables. Furthermore, fuzzy analysis allows classifying the data in different well-differentiated groups regarding the trace metal load, concentration and feature-dependent parameters. The most polluted samples show high concentration of trace elements and magnetic carriers, softer and coarser magnetic minerals; on the contrary, the unpolluted samples (from the deepest sediments) have the opposite characteristics.  相似文献   

3.
选取辽宁盘锦双台河口滩涂翅碱蓬生长消亡区的20个土壤样本点,比较其与翅碱蓬生长繁茂区的11种微量元素含量,并对其变化量进行主成分分析,得出双台河口滩涂土壤中含量变化显著的微量元素为Mn、Zn和Rb。通过这3种微量元素含量变化曲线图,可以看出其含量变化趋势大体上是减少的,且距离拦海大坝越近,含量越高,距离拦海大坝越远,含量越低。研究区河口底泥中Mn、Zn和Rb的含量分别占研究区滩涂土壤中的47.6%、64.3%和78.5%,表明了研究区滩涂土壤中3种元素主要是由河口地区的沉积物带来的。河口地区水中的沉积物主要由两部分组成:一部分是由河水携带的泥沙颗粒直接在河口地区沉积形成;另一部分是由河水携带的大量胶体,在入海口处产生胶凝作用形成。  相似文献   

4.
In temperate regions, eolian deposits of different natures are often pedogenically-altered and mixed with underlying sediments. The research reported in this paper identifies for the first time the presence of eolian deposits in soils of central Tuscany and investigates the characteristics and origin. Five relict, polycyclic paleosol profiles were studied. P1 was situated in a natural dust trap, a doline on top of an isolated limestone hill; P2 and P3 were both situated on a limestone plateau, and P4 and P5 on a mid- and foot slope on schist. The profiles were sampled for routine analyses, iron forms, heavy minerals, major and trace elements, and pollen, spores and non-pollen palynomorphs. Undisturbed samples were taken for micromorphological and SEM analyses. Nine soil horizons were sampled for OSL dating. Eolian deposits were dominant or abundant in the first layers of P1, P2 and P3. OSL age determinations of soil horizons deriving from eolian parent material were middle Holocene. Chemical and heavy mineral analyses indicated different possible sources, including bare slopes, alluvial fans and wide channels, coming from the nearby streams that drain the Middle Tuscany ridge and the Mounts of Chianti; marginal contribution of volcanic ashes was only found in P1.The research demonstrated that wind soil erosion accompanied water erosion and colluvial deposition during the middle Holocene in the Elsa River basin. Pollen spectra, in particular, indicated that soil degradation occurred in an environment showing signs of incipient desertification, resulting from an increase of aridity in a land already strongly influenced by humans. Although central Italy is currently considered to be only marginally affected by wind soil erosion, a climate change, which would imply increased arid conditions, could trigger a new cycle of slope denudation, wind erosion and loess deposition.  相似文献   

5.
Lerma River is one of the largest rivers in Mexico. Over the past 20 years, unplanned population growth occurred along its course and the river has been used as the only outlet for industrial and domestic wastewater disposal. The aim of the present study was to determine trace metals such as Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Fe, Pb, and arsenic concentrations at the upper layer of sediments of the Lerma River meander in La Piedad, Michoacan, Mexico. Sediment samples were collected from eight different sites during the rainy and dry seasons. All samples were physically characterized, and concentration values of trace metals and As were determined. On the basis of protection criteria for freshwater sediments, concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Pb were found to exceed the lowest effect level; moreover, the concentrations were found to exceed the severe effect level at some sites, particularly for Cu. Statistical analyses showed significant differences between sampling seasons for Fe and As, and among sites for Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb. In addition, the enrichment factor indicates the following order Zn > Cr > Cu > Ni > Pb > As, and the geoaccumulation index (I geo) indicates contamination in the following order Zn > Cr > Cu > Ni > As > Pb. The Lerma River meander in La Piedad shows a reduction in pollution by trace metals and arsenic near the drain area and downstream of the meander. However, there are significantly higher concentrations of these elements in sediments of sites located in the middle part of the city.  相似文献   

6.
Urban and suburban storm water runoff from ten locations in eastern Massachusetts was analyzed for 39 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) compounds. Similar profiles in PAH composition were observed for groups of samples and appear to reflect land use. The largest group includes, urban storm water from areas with a mix of industrial, commercial, and residential use. Fluoranthene, phenanthrene, pyrene, chrysene, and benzo (b) fluoranthene were the predominant compounds in this group, but lighter molecular weight PAHs were also present. Sources of PAHs to storm water include a combination of petroleum and combustion. The profile of PAH compounds in local atmospheric deposition was similar to urban storm water, but differed in several of the predominant compounds. PAHs in storm water could increase the levels of these compounds in nearshore sediments and may be the most important source of high molecular weight PAHs to these environments.  相似文献   

7.
Multivariate canonical correlation analysis has been carried out taking physical variables (mean, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis) as predictors and chemical variables (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) as responses from the soils and sediments of Thane Creek and Ulhas River areas in Bombay, India. Soil samples provide the first canonical correlation to the presence of more clay fractions, which controls the concentration of trace elements such as Co, Fe, and Ni. In sediment samples, the first canonical correlation explains the role of mean particle size in controlling the concentration of Pb and Ni. The second correlation shows the role of clay minerals in controlling the concentration of the trace elements such as Fe and Zn. The plot of transformed scores of first canonical correlation for soil illustrate the high correlation between sets of variables as all points are grouped closely within an ellipsoidal field. The plot of transformed scores of first canonical correlation illustrate that there is a clear distinction between the type of sediments collected from Thane creek and the Ulhas river region.  相似文献   

8.
Trace element distributions, partitioning, and speciation were examined at 15 sites in the Patuxent River watershed from May 1995 through October 1997 to determine possible sources of trace elements to the river and estuary, to examine the relationship of the trace element discharges to freshwater discharges as well as to land use and geographic region, to validate previous estimates of loadings to the river, and to provide baseline data for trace elements in the Patuxent River watershed and estuary. Six freshwater sites were examined, representing different basins and geographic provinces, and nine sites along the estuarine salinity gradient. Subregions within the watershed varied considerably in concentrations and areal yields for some elements. Concentrations of As, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Zn were elevated in the Coastal Plain sites compared to the Piedmont sites, while Cu and Hg were more evenly distributed. Cadmium, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn showed overall positive correlations with river flow while As and methylHg (meHg) showed negative correlations with river flow. Concentrations of trace elements in the estuarine portion of the river were generally low, and consistent with mixing between Patuxent River water with elevated concentrations and the lower concentrations of the Chesapeake Bay. Interesting features included a local Cd maximum in the low salinity region of the estuary, probably caused by desorption from suspended sediments, and a significant input of water containing high As concentrations from the Chesapeake Bay and from As being released from bottom sediments in summer. Comparisons between the estimated annual flux of trace elements and the estimates of suspected source terms (atmospheric deposition, urban runoff, and known point sources) suggest that, except for Hg, direct atmospheric deposition is small compared to fluvial loads. Current estimates of trace element inputs from point sources or from urban runoff are inadequate for comparison with other sources, because of inappropriate techniques and/or unacceptably high detection limits. A complete examination of trace element dynamics in the Patuxent River (and in other coastal systems) will require better data for these potential sources.  相似文献   

9.
《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(7-8):781-791
Fine-scale solid-phase trace metal and acid-volatile sulphide profiles are presented for sediment cores taken at four locations in Lake Ketel, a dynamic sedimentation basin of the river Rhine in The Netherlands. The purpose of this study was to relate these profiles to the dynamics of sediment transport in the lake. The internal cycling of solids in the lake affects the distribution of trace metals and acid-volatile sulphide in the sediments. Comparison of vertical profiles of trace metals and sulphide indicates significant spatial variation in the dynamics of sediment transport in Lake Ketel. The construction of a dredge spoil storage depot in 1996 seems to have significantly influenced the hydrodynamic and sediment dynamics in Lake Ketel. Consequently, deposition rates in Lake Ketel based on comparison of solid-phase trace metal concentrations in the sediments and historical levels in Rhine suspended matter can only be used as rough estimates.  相似文献   

10.
长江与黄河沉积物REE地球化学及示踪作用   总被引：66，自引：4，他引：62  
杨守业  李从先 《地球化学》1999,28(4):374-380
长江与黄河沉积物的稀土元素（ＲＥＥ）组成特征不同。长江沉积物ＲＥＥ含量较高,元素含量变化也大于黄河样品;球粒陨石标准化模式表明长江沉积物的（Ｌａ／Ｌｕ）Ｎ、（Ｌａ／Ｙｂ）Ｎ、（Ｇｄ／Ｙｂ）Ｎ的值也相应地比黄河沉积物中的高１０％左右,分布曲线均呈明显的石倾状,轻重稀土分馏明显,相对富集ＬＲＥＥ。且长江样品比黄河样品更富集ＬＲＥＥ,但Ｅｕ亏损不及黄河样品;两者的北美页岩标准化曲线均呈平坦稍右倾状,具有  相似文献   

11.
The upper reaches of the Bistrita drainage system were selected as a natural test site to determine the geogenic and anthropogenic input into fluvio-lacustrine systems in humid mid-latitude morphoclimatic zones. The reason for this selection lies in the complex geology and its metallogenic evolution leading to a great variety of Fe, Mn, U, and polymetallic sulfides ore deposits. It sparked an intense mining activity during the past centuries with a strong impact on the drainage system similar to many mineralized sites in the world which are still under exploitation. Sediment samples from Bistrita River were analyzed by means of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), near-infrared (NIR) and micro-Raman spectroscopy (μ-Raman).Our results revealed that the chemical and mineralogical built-up of the stream sediments is mainly geogenic, with most of the trace elements accumulated in the river sediments derived from the source rocks exposed in catchment area of the River Bistrita. A strong input by man has been detected in the drainage system near abandoned mining sites. The trace elements are mainly accommodated in the structure of detrital minerals representative of the clastic aureole around the source rocks, and to a lesser extent adsorbed onto the surface of clay minerals. The REE incorporated into muscovite furnish evidence of having derived from the source rocks, prevalently mica schists exposed by supergene processes in the provenance area and rule out a neoformation of clay minerals on transport and deposition.  相似文献   

12.
A study was conducted to investigate the trace metal pollution of water and sediments of downstream of Tsurumi River, Yokohama, Japan. Twenty samples of water and sediments were collected from the river starting from Tokyo bay side up to the junction point of the Yagami River. Results show that the mean concentrations of chromium, cupper and nickel in water greatly exceed (>100 times) the surface water standard. The concentration of molybdenum and lead was also higher than standard values while iron and manganese was lower than that of surface water standard. The mean concentration of zinc, cupper, cadmium, lead, chromium, vanadium, bromine and iodine was 381.1, 133.0, 1.0, 40.8, 102.9, 162.0, 71.5 and 10.6 μg/g sediments, respectively and was greatly exceed the average worldwide shale concentrations and average Japanese river sediment values. However, mean concentration of arsenic, nickel and strontium was 11.0, 36.6 and 164.6 μg/g sediments, respectively which was lower than the average shale value. Other analyzed trace metals, including barium, zirconium, rubidium, yttrium, tin, antimony, cesium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium and neodymium were detected in river sediments; the concentration of which was close to the Japan’s river sediment average values. Pollution load index values of the sites of the studied area ranged from 1.24 to 7.65 which testify that the river sediments are polluted. The PLI value of the area was, however, high (6.53) as the concentration of trace metals like zinc, cupper, cadmium, lead and chromium were very high and were the major pollutants.  相似文献   

13.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compositions were determined in plankton, sediment-trap-collected particulate material and sediment cores from Dabob Bay using a high performance liquid Chromatographie (HPLC)/fluorescence technique. The annual flux of individual PAH measured in a series of sediment traps was compared with the flux of corresponding compounds determined from 210Pb dated bottom sediments. Systematic seasonal variations in the fluxes and concentrations of PAH, Al and organic carbon in the trap-collected particulates and seasonally collected plankton were also investigated to determine whether or not PAH are associated with either terrestrial or marine-derived materials.Concentrations of all PAH studied increased tenfold within the last 80–100 yr of sediment deposition, except for perylene which displayed a reasonably constant concentration profile. This suggests at least two sources contribute to the observed sedimentary PAH compositions in Dabob Bay, i.e., anthropogenic combustion and a natural source. Plankton and sediment trap-collected particulates contained PAH mixtures qualitatively similar to underlying surface sediments. Microscopic examination indicated fecal pellets were the major form of particulate material in the sediment traps. The fecal pellets collected in the sediment trap time series quantitatively account for essentially 100% of the PAH fluxes measured in the 210Pb dated sediments, implying Zooplankton fecal pellets control the removal of PAH to Dabob Bay sediments. These measurements provide clear evidence that the PAH studied are not produced after sediment deposition. The observed seasonal covariations of PAH and Al in both sediment trap and plankton samples further indicate that PAH originate from terrestrially-based sources, are introduced into the marine environment by runoff and erosion or atmospheric deposition and are not produced by marine plankton.  相似文献   

14.
The concentration of selected contaminant trace metals and organic contaminants, namely polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), normal-alkanes, total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and other organochlorines, was studied in cores from shallow-water fine-grain sediments from both sides of the maximum turbidity zone (MTZ) in the upper estuary of the St. Lawrence. Average trace metal concentrations in the cores were generally lower in downstream sediments, except for Hg and Pb. Hg levels in the cores were very high, exceeding 0.7 μg g?1 in core C168 (south shore) and 0.19 μg g?1 in core LE (north shore). Trace metal concentrations in all the cores were highly variable with depth, but after normalization with reference to iron, the trend was remarkably uniform, thus confirming an important inverse relationship with grain size. A similar lack of a well-defined trend was noted in the profiles of the organic components in the modern sediments. Average PAH values for modern sediments at core sites C168 and LO were 1.05 μg g?1 and 0.44 μg g?1, respectively (i.e., less than or equal to those in Lake Ontario and upstream in the river). PCB values far exceeded those in upstream sediments (average: 347 ng g?1 in core LE and 158 ng g?1 in C168), but were less than in Lake Ontario. Concentrations of chlordane, heachlorobenzene, and mirex were relatively low and uniform in the modern sections of the cores. The vertical uniformity of both the contaminant profiles and those for Cs-137 (C168) suggests that the sediments are relatively young (i.e., definitely less than 35 yr at C168, and probably even less at LE and LO). Therefore no long-term or historical trend is evident.  相似文献   

15.
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16.
Thirty-four chemical elements, pH, total nitrogen, and total organic carbon were determined in 49 bottom sediment samples from the whole High Dam Lake in order to improve our understanding of geochemical characteristics of these sediments and geochemical patterns of trace elements and related feeding sources. The present study revealed that the lake were clearly discriminated into three portions in accordance with the sediment geochemistry and geographic position. Likewise, the analyzed elements in the entire lake sediments were classified into six geochemical association patterns that are indicative of the contributing geogenic and anthropogenic sources. As has been noted here, mineralogy, anthropogenic inputs, pH, and organic matter had significant roles in controlling the behavior, concentration, dispersion, and geochemical patterns of the trace elements in the lake sediments. Consequently, the elevated concentration of Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sc, V, Y, and Zn posed moderate contamination level in the sediments. At the same time, the enhancement of Ag, Se, and Te levels caused contamination up to very high levels. Admittedly, the contamination levels were generated by natural and human activities that are coming from the Nile basin countries. Despite progressive deterioration of these sediments, they still have economic applications.  相似文献   

17.
The aim of this study was to determine the sources and contamination characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in various environmental media in a karst underground river system. For this purpose, air, underground river water, sediment, and soil samples were collected from a typical underground river in southern China in the dry and wet seasons of 2013–2014, and the compositional spectra, distribution, and ratio characteristics of 16 PAHs were determined for comparative analysis. The results show that three 2–3-ring PAHs (naphthalene, phenanthrene, and fluoranthene) mainly occur in air and underground river water. In sediments and soils, 4–6-ring PAHs are the main components. The PAH concentrations in the air in the wet season are clearly greater than those in the dry season, while it is the opposite in the underground water. Seasonal differences in the concentration of PAHs in the sediments and soils are minor. The concentrations of PAHs in the environmental media overall showed variation in the following order: upstream < midstream < downstream, and this is related to pollutant discharge, adsorption, etc. The main source of PAHs in the upstream area is the combustion of grass, wood, and coal, while it is petroleum in the midstream area, and combustion of grass, wood, coal, and petroleum near the outlet of the underground river. It is necessary to change the energy structure in the study area, improve the efficiency of environmental protection facilities, reduce the emission in vehicle exhaust, and control pollution by PAHs at their sources.  相似文献   

18.
This study is aimed at determining the level of environmental degradation as well as the concentration of trace elements in soil and stream sediments in order to evaluate the environmental impact of the mining operation. Twenty-five (25) soils and ten (10) stream sediment samples were collected from the study area. The physicochemical parameters were determined using appropriate instrumentation with the aid of a digital pH meter (Milwaukee meter) to measure the pH and electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, moisture content and loss on ignition of the soil and stream sediment samples. The pH of the soil sample ranged from (6.10 to 7.19); Electrical conductivity ranged from (21.3 to 279.4 µS/cm), moisture content varied from (0.60% to 7.20%), and the LOI ranged from (2.03% to 18.62%). The results of the analysis showed that the concentrations of the trace elements in the soils and stream sediment samples were slightly higher than the background values. Plots of the trace elements in stream sediment samples show moderate, consistent decrease downstream except at points where there was mine water discharge into the main river. The pollution levels of heavy metals were examined in stream sediment and soil samples using different assessable indices, such as the enrichment factor, which showed significant-moderate enrichment for Cr, Th, Nb, Zn, Pb, Y and Zr and the geo-accumulation index, which showed practically moderate contamination with Cr, Ni and Sr based on regional background reference values. Geo-accumulation index and contamination index for soils and stream sediment revealed uncontaminated to moderate contamination. Likewise, elements with moderate contamination were Cr, Ni and Sr. The Pearson correlation showed that there were significant positive associations among selected metals in soil and stream sediment samples.  相似文献   

19.
This paper reports on the aquatic chemistry of trace elements in terms of spatial and temporal distribution, but also pollution sources in the transboundary watershed of the Seversky Donets River (Ukraine/Russia). Bed sediments and filtered water were collected from the Udy and Lopan Rivers at sites from the river source in the Belgorod region (Russia) to rural and urban areas in the Kharkiv region (Ukraine) in May and August 2009. Priority trace elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn), an urban tracer (Ag) and additional metals (Co, Mo, V) and Th were measured in stream water and sediments. The low levels and variability of Th-normalized concentrations indicated the absence of geochemical anomalies in the upstream part of the rivers and suggested that these data represent a regional baseline for trace elements in bed sediments. In contrast, water and sediments within the city of Kharkiv were contaminated by Ag, Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr and Zn, which are mainly attributed to municipal wastewater inputs and urban run-off. Results of the environmental quality assessment showed that element concentrations in the sediments can be considered as potentially toxic to aquatic organisms in sites downstream of the wastewater discharges.  相似文献   

20.
本文采用沉积物剖面上的韵律与冲刷面特征,微量元素垂向分布特征和~(210)Pb 测龄法三者相结合的方法,测定了湘江株州至洞庭湖口河流沉积物的沉积速率。该江段不同地点的沉积速率在不同时期是各异的,但20年来总的年平均速率是4.5—5.5cm/年,略高于洞庭湖口的沉积速率(4.2cm/年)。  相似文献   

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