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1.
Martin Gude Gerhard Daut Susanne Dietrich Roland Mäusbacher Christer Jonasson Annett Bartsch & Dieter Scherer 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2002,84(3-4):205-212
The analysis of Holocene geomorphic process activity demands long–term data sets, which are available for the Kärkevagge catchment due to 50 years of intensive geomorphologic field studies. This data set is used in combination with additional field measurements, remote sensing and digital elevation model (DEM) analysis to provide input data for modelling Holocene valley development. On the basis of this information, geomorphic process units (GPUs) are defined by means of GIS modelling. These units represent areas of homogeneous process composition that transfer sediments. Since the data base enables the quantification of single processes, the interaction of processes within the units can also be quantified. Applying this concept permits calculation of recent sediment transfer rates and hence leads to a better understanding of actual geomorphic landscape development activity. To extrapolate these data in time and space the process–related sediments in the valley are analysed for depth and total volume, primarily using geophysical methods. In this fashion the validity of measured process rates is evaluated for the Holocene time scale. Results from this analysis are exemplified in a cross–profile showing some of the principal sediment units in the valley. For example, the measured modern rates on a slush torrent debris fan seem to represent the Holocene mean rate. This approach should also be suitable for revealing Holocene geomorphic landscape development in terms of climate change. 相似文献
2.
Martin Gude Gerhard Daut Susanne Dietrich Roland Mäusbacher Christer Jonasson Annett Bartsch & Dieter Scherer 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2002,84(3&4):205-212
The analysis of Holocene geomorphic process activity demands long–term data sets, which are available for the Kärkevagge catchment due to 50 years of intensive geomorphologic field studies. This data set is used in combination with additional field measurements, remote sensing and digital elevation model (DEM) analysis to provide input data for modelling Holocene valley development. On the basis of this information, geomorphic process units (GPUs) are defined by means of GIS modelling. These units represent areas of homogeneous process composition that transfer sediments. Since the data base enables the quantification of single processes, the interaction of processes within the units can also be quantified. Applying this concept permits calculation of recent sediment transfer rates and hence leads to a better understanding of actual geomorphic landscape development activity. To extrapolate these data in time and space the process–related sediments in the valley are analysed for depth and total volume, primarily using geophysical methods. In this fashion the validity of measured process rates is evaluated for the Holocene time scale. Results from this analysis are exemplified in a cross–profile showing some of the principal sediment units in the valley. For example, the measured modern rates on a slush torrent debris fan seem to represent the Holocene mean rate. This approach should also be suitable for revealing Holocene geomorphic landscape development in terms of climate change. 相似文献
3.
以Web of Science和中国知识资源总库为数据来源,进行知识图谱分析发现：2009年以来,景观偏好研究发展较快,涉及学科多、主题广泛;国际以文化生态系统服务、公众偏好、美学分析等为研究方向;国内围绕居民、游客和公共绿地等开展研究;学术共同体未形成,地理学者较少;地理学对景观偏好研究的响应国际上以技术应用为主,国内集中在旅游地理方向。景观偏好聚焦于人景互动和人的尺度,符合地理学核心主题,与人文地理学发展契合。积极响应景观偏好研究,将为地理学研究拓展小微尺度、深入揭示新时代人地关系提供新领域。 相似文献
4.
The linkages between ecology and geomorphology can be difficult to identify because of physical complexity and the limitations of the current theoretical representations in these two fields of study. Deep divisions between these disciplines are manifest in the methods used to simulate process, such as rigidly physical-deterministic methods for many aspects of geomorphology compared with purely stochastic simulations in many models of change in landcover. Practical and theoretical research into ecology–geomorphology linkages cannot wait for a single simulation schema which may never come; as a result, studies of these linkages often appear disjointed and inconsistent.The grid-based simulation framework for cellular automata (CA) allows simultaneous use of competing schemas. CA use in general geographic studies has been primarily limited to urban simulations models of change for land cover, both highly stochastic and/or expert rule-based. In the last decade, however, methods for describing physically deterministic systems in the CA framework have become much more accurate. The possibility now exists to merge separate CA simulations of different environmental systems into unified “multiautomata” models. Because CAs allow transition rules that are deterministic, probabilistic, or expert rule-based, they can immediately incorporate the existing knowledge rules in ecology and geomorphology. The explicitly spatial nature of CA provides a map-like framework that should allow a simple and deeply rooted connection with the mapping traditions of the geosciences and ecological sciences. 相似文献
5.
我国湿地景观研究现状、存在的问题与发展方向 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
湿地景观研究是近十余年来新兴的热点领域,极大地推进了湿地学科发展.但是,由于湿地景观研究体现的是湿地与景观方法有机结合,其在发展过程中还存在许多问题.本文在对我国湿地景观研究现状系统分析基础上,重点阐明了湿地景观概念、分类、遥感信息提取精度、多源数据可比性、结构与格局研究方法、景观过程与功能研究内容与尺度等制约湿地景观研究的主要问题.并指出了未来发展方向:(1)重视湿地景观分类研究;(2)重视湿地景观破碎化研究;(3)重视发展基于过程和功能的景观格局研究方法;(4)重视多尺度湿地生物多样性研究;(5)重视湿地景观管理研究. 相似文献
6.
7.
关于景观格局演变研究的几个问题 总被引：96，自引：7，他引：89
针对特定的生态过程,将景观格局与生态过程相结合的格局分析是未来景观格局研究发展的方向。景观格局变化与景观过程改变互为因果,了解格局演变时空规律及其演变驱动机制是结合生态过程进行景观格局分析的前提与基础。文章归纳了景观格局演变分析方法有景观格局指数与景观空间统计特征比较法、马尔柯夫转移矩阵法和主要以细胞自动机理论为基础的景观格局动态模拟。主要分析了景观格局演变的人文驱动力系统,介绍典型相关分析与逐步回归分析两种定量判别景观格局演变驱动力的方法,简要总结景观格局演变的驱动机制。最后提出今后研究所要突破的方面。 相似文献
8.
Modern physical geography in China grew from Chinese traditional geography and has been profoundly influenced by the geographical disciplines of Euro-America and Russia. Since the 1950s, integrated studies of physical geography in China have made remarkable progress in the fields of comprehensive physical geographical regionalization, land studies, landscape ecology, and land surface geographical processes. During the past few decades, under the background of global change and rapid socio-economic transformation, a series of environmental and resources problems have boomed in China. To solve these problems and promote the development of integrated studies of physical geography, the following issues were proposed as research priorities: (1) coupling of land surface patterns and processes; (2) integrated research on regional responses and adaptation to global change; (3) analysis of human dimensions of the earth system; (4) ecosystem service research from a geographical perspective; (5) integration of multi-source data and model development; (6) integrated studies on unique geographical units; and (7) important global issues and relevant international programs. 相似文献
9.
黄土高原流域地貌系统的地貌演化特征十分复杂,尚有诸多科学问题有待进一步深入研究。以往研究大多集中在流域地貌演化的侵蚀和发育特征等某一方面,缺乏从流域地貌系统及其势能信息熵的视角深入剖析野外多岩土层黄土小流域地貌演化特征的研究。为此,基于系统论的观点和方法,构建多岩土层黄土小流域地貌系统及其势能信息熵的数学模型,并以辛店沟小流域为例,对其地貌演化特征进行研究。结果表明：（1）构建的野外多岩土层黄土小流域地貌系统的概念模型及其势能信息熵的数学模型能够有效对辛店沟小流域进行数值模拟。（2）以黄土侵蚀作用为主的辛店沟小流域从2000—2019年的地貌演化过程是其势能信息熵的熵减过程和黄土地貌不断侵蚀的过程。（3）辛店沟小流域的势能信息熵能较好地反映该小流域的地貌演化阶段和地貌侵蚀过程。 相似文献
10.
《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(2-3):153-169
Initially, seven usages of the term cultural landscape in Norwegian academic literature are discussed: as an areal category, as a chronological stage of development, as the human components of any landscape, as countryside, as heritage, as scenery with esthetical qualities, and as elements in the landscape with meaning for human activity. The development of cultural landscape studies in different disciplines is then examined as a response to varying assessments of relevance for problems of society. Finally, the geographer's contribution to Norwegian cultural landscape studies is assessed. 相似文献
11.
An overview of scale, pattern, process relationships in geomorphology: a remote sensing and GIS perspective 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Satellite remote sensing and geographic information systems are emerging technologies in geomorphology. They offer the opportunity to gain fresh insights into biophysical systems through the spatial, temporal, spectral, and radiometric resolutions of remote sensing systems and through the analytical and data integration capability of GIS. The two technologies can be linked together into a synergistic system that is particularly well suited to the examination of landscape conditions through the interrelationships of scale, pattern, and process, a paradigm that has gained prominence in the fields of biogeography and landscape ecology. In this study, we apply optical and microwave remote sensing systems and GIS methodologies to case studies framed within the fluvial and alpine environments. We use the scale, pattern, and process paradigm to explore landscape relationships in those environments. Satellite image processing, change-detection analyses, digital elevation models, GIS-derived geomorphic indices and variables, composition and pattern metrics of landscape organization, and scale-dependent analyses are described and related to the study of river channel abandonment and the alpine treeline ecotone. We describe appropriate remote sensing and GIS techniques for geomorphic research, and demonstrate the use of such techniques in the application of the scale, pattern, and processes perspective in geomorphic studies. 相似文献
12.
《地理学报(英文版)》2016,(7)
Modern physical geography in China grew from Chinese traditional geography and has been profoundly influenced by the geographical disciplines of Euro-America and Russia. Since the 1950 s, integrated studies of physical geography in China have made remarkable progress in the fields of comprehensive physical geographical regionalization, land studies, landscape ecology, and land surface geographical processes. During the past few decades, under the background of global change and rapid socio-economic transformation, a series of environmental and resources problems have boomed in China. To solve these problems and promote the development of integrated studies of physical geography, the following issues were proposed as research priorities:(1) coupling of land surface patterns and processes;(2) integrated research on regional responses and adaptation to global change;(3) analysis of human dimensions of the earth system;(4) ecosystem service research from a geographical perspective;(5) integration of multi-source data and model development;(6) integrated studies on unique geographical units; and(7) important global issues and relevant international programs. 相似文献
13.
基于水环境保护的流域景观格局优化理念初探 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
流域范围内因水体的联系使得不同类型景观斑块之间的相互作用变得更为紧密, 因而景 观格局的变化会显著影响流域内水体质量。着眼于流域尺度上水环境保护的需要, 必须合理考虑 景观斑块的类型、格局和空间分异等特征, 尽可能地减少非点源污染输出量, 从而降低水体遭受 污染的威胁程度。本研究从水环境保护的角度出发, 以“源”“汇”景观在镶嵌组合和空间分异方面 利用的适宜性作为优化依据, 以“源”“汇”景观空间分布的关键地段作为研究战略点, 同时考虑 “源”“汇”景观在数量、空间和转换成本等方面的客观约束条件, 将景观数量结构优化和空间结构 优化进行有机结合, 最终确定了流域尺度上以调控非点源污染、保护水体质量为目标的景观格局 优化研究的概念框架。本研究不仅为解决流域尺度上非点源污染问题提供了一个全新的研究视 角, 而且为降低景观类型及其格局对水体质量的威胁程度提供了一个行之有效的优化方案。 相似文献
14.
景观生态学的学科整合与中国景观生态学展望 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13
分析了国际景观生态学三个相互联系的研究领域,指出了各领域的主要研究内容。在阐述景观生态学三个发展阶段的基础上,指出了景观生态学学科发展的基本趋势。从三个方向的整合、时空尺度的匹配、多学科的整合和三个群体的整合4?个方面,阐述了走向整合的景观生态学的发展方向和途径。介绍了当前国际景观生态学研究的热点问题和热点地区,并就中国景观生态学发展的方向和任务提出了作者的看法。 相似文献
15.
Dona J. Stewart 《The Professional geographer》2001,53(3):361-373
This article presents a methodology for a more detailed investigation of urban landscape change in rapidly growing cities of the less developed world beyond typical macrolevel approaches. This research is an attempt to bridge the gap between traditional landscape analysis and geographic information science (GIS). The article presents the preliminary results from a pilot project in Zamalek, Egypt, highlighting the benefits and drawbacks of the two techniques. Rarely used to study the less developed world, these techniques are utilized to assess change within a portion of Cairo's urban landscape. Large‐scale historic maps and high‐resolution satellite imagery, combined with field attribute collection, are the major data sources in this applied landscape analysis. A motivating factor in the desire to examine landscape change at such a large scale is the need to create monitoring systems for historic preservation in cities of the less developed world. 相似文献
16.
分形理论及其在地貌学中的应用──分形地貌学研究综述及展望 总被引：29，自引：1，他引：29
本文简介了分形的有关基本概念,回顾了分形理论在海岸、流水、喀斯特地貌等多种地貌类型和流域地貌发育的形态研究中,以及在地貌过程研究中的应用的新近成果,并提出了今后分形地貌学研究的五个主要方面. 相似文献
17.
面向地貌学本源的数字地形分析研究进展与展望 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
数字地形分析（DTA）是地理信息科学（GIS）研究的热点。但是,当前基于数字高程模型（DEM）的数字地形分析在地貌学研究中存在重形态轻机理、重现象轻过程、重地上轻地下等问题,急需从单一的地貌形态分析,迈向面向成因、过程与机理等地貌学本源问题的研究转变。据此,本文系统梳理了面向地貌学本源的数字地形分析的相关研究现状,并从地貌学本源认识、地貌形态建模、地形因子提取、以及其他地形分析方法等研究进行了系统的回顾、梳理与分析。研究表明,基于DEM的数字地形分析虽具有地貌特征分析的潜力与优势,但是,数字地形分析存在数据表达与分析模式上的先天缺陷,亟待通过基础理论与关键技术的突破,实现理论与方法的创新发展,实现从“坡面”走向“区域”,从“形态”走向“过程”,从“地形”走向“地貌”。而当今地球系统科学的研究发展态势也到了数字地形分析研究从重视地貌形态走向揭示地貌学本源的关键阶段。因此,本文从DEM数据模型增值、地形因子及其地形空间关系、以及宏观地形分析等侧面展望了面向地貌学本源的数字地形分析研究。当今基于DEM的数字地形分析研究,正像当前的GIS是否能够真正支撑地理学发展一样,已经处于一个非常关键的十字路口。面向地貌学本源的数字地形分析研究思路可望成为地理信息科学领域理论与方法创新的一次重要探索与实践。 相似文献
18.
土地利用/土地覆盖变化的研究方法 总被引：23，自引：1，他引：22
文章从LUCC计划研究的主要内容入手,探讨了其相应的研究方法,提出了我国LUCC研究的新思路：(1)从研究的空间尺度来看,应遵循“先局部、再整体;既分工、又合作”的研究思路;(2)从研究的时间尺度来看,应遵循“聚焦近期、兼顾历史、瞄准未来”的研究思路,用考古等研究方法重现5000多年来各个时期的土地利用与土地覆盖状况,建立与竺可桢先生建立的5000年以来的气候变化序列相匹配的LUCC变化序列;(3)从研究的技术手段来看,应注意多源信息的复合使用,重视新技术(尤其是3S技术的集成使用)的运用;(4)开展跨学科研究;(5)结合国家建设与发展需要开展研究;(6)加强理论集成研究。 相似文献
19.
《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(1):49-52
The short article makes a small selection of early German literature containing the term ‘cultural landscape’ accessible for an English-language readership with the aim of enabling a broader discussion of the term. After a brief overview of the usage of ‘cultural landscape’ in geographical research, four German authors and their publications are presented. Carl Ritter appears to have been the first to use Culturlandschaft, in 1832. He was followed by Carl Vogel in 1851, Joseph Wimmer in 1882 and 1885, and Friedrich Ratzel in 1893. Analysis of their use of ‘cultural landscape’ reveals different dimensions of the term: a developmental perspective on cultural landscapes, i.e. cultural landscapes developed from natural landscapes; an opposition of nature and culture; and an understanding of cultural landscape as agricultural or park landscape. The process of cultivation is described with words with a positive connotation. The comparison of these dimensions with recent geographical literature shows that long-standing ideas continue to influence present-day usage. 相似文献
20.
Paul Bishop 《The Australian geographer》1998,29(1):7-29
Much of the current research on long‐term landscape evolution and drainage history in SE Australia is built in one way or another on the early work of Griffith Taylor. The controversy prompted by several attempts to incorporate Taylor's work in recent plate tectonics interpretations of the long‐term evolution of SE Australia highlights differences of opinion as to the appropriate methodologies for such investigations. These questions, including the issues of data sources in reconstructions of long‐term landscape history, testability of such reconstructions, and the relationship between the landscape history so reconstructed and larger‐scale, regional landscape histories, appear not to have been addressed in recent literature on geomorphological methodology. This literature notes the demise of critical rationalism and appears to espouse a strongly relativist viewpoint, which relies on the shared understanding among the discipline's practitioners as to what are appropriate data sources and tests for hypotheses of long‐term landscape evolution. This offers little hope for resolution of the current disputes about the evolution of the drainage systems of SE Australia, but puts the onus squarely on us, the practitioners, to develop shared understandings of the appropriate data sources and tests for our hypotheses and grand schemes of the type so favoured by Griffith Taylor. 相似文献