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1.
森林景观格局分析是森林景观优化配置与实施规划的基础。本文以森林资源二类调查数据为基础,采用森林景观定量空间分析方法,在自主开发而成的森林景观可视化系统VisForest支持下,利用VS2008开发平台、ArcEngine组件与OSG图形渲染引擎,集成景观指数计算模型和地理信息系统的分析方法,形成森林景观格局分析与景观三维可视化模拟系统,实现了景观格局分析的定量化和景观可视化;并以闽侯县白沙国有林场2013年的数据为例,按优势树种划分森林景观类型,计算分析了景观组成结构、斑块特征和景观异质性等。结果表明,杉木林、马尾松林、湿地松林、木荷林、非林地是白沙林场的优势景观类型,总体景观类型丰富、景观异质性较高;木荷作为隔离带树种,以小面积狭长斑块居多,其形状指数和分形维数最大,斑块形状复杂而不规则;森林景观的三维可视化模拟为研究景观格局提供了一个直观、交互的展示平台。 相似文献
2.
Decline of traditional landscape in a protected area of the southwestern Alps: The fate of enclosed pasture patches in the land mosaic shift 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【Title】
【Author】
【Addresses】1
Traditional landscape elements such as pasture patches enclosed in a forest matrix are progressively disappearing throughout the European Alps. We assessed the land mosaic shift of a protected area located in the western Italian Alps. In particular, the dynamics of pasture patches were studied at both landscape and stand level. Land-cover mapping through object-oriented analysis of historical aerial photographs was used to assess land-cover changes between 1954 and 2000. Spatial statistics were used to quantify landscape patterns, and field samplings within pasture patches were used to explore tree regeneration structure and composition. Our results showed a significant increase in the number of pasture patches caused by their fragmentation following forest expansion. The total surface area of pasture patches decreased by 43% and their core area decreased by 94%. The encroachment of trees on less accessible areas of the pasture patches caused a reduction of patch shape at landscape scale. The gap filling process started 40-50 years ago and began with an early invasion of light demanding species like sycamore maple （Acer pseudoplatanus L.） and common ash （Fraxinus excelsior L.）, followed by European beech （Fagus sylvatica L.） and secondarily silver fir （Abies alba Mill.）. Traditional land-use and population decline in the Pesio Valley led to a reduction in ecotone areas. A transition to a more homogeneous landscape is expected in the next decades. Given the cultural and productive nature of these mountain meadow-pasture communities, extensive livestock grazing systems could be used to manage their future conservation. 相似文献
【Author】
【Addresses】1
Traditional landscape elements such as pasture patches enclosed in a forest matrix are progressively disappearing throughout the European Alps. We assessed the land mosaic shift of a protected area located in the western Italian Alps. In particular, the dynamics of pasture patches were studied at both landscape and stand level. Land-cover mapping through object-oriented analysis of historical aerial photographs was used to assess land-cover changes between 1954 and 2000. Spatial statistics were used to quantify landscape patterns, and field samplings within pasture patches were used to explore tree regeneration structure and composition. Our results showed a significant increase in the number of pasture patches caused by their fragmentation following forest expansion. The total surface area of pasture patches decreased by 43% and their core area decreased by 94%. The encroachment of trees on less accessible areas of the pasture patches caused a reduction of patch shape at landscape scale. The gap filling process started 40-50 years ago and began with an early invasion of light demanding species like sycamore maple （Acer pseudoplatanus L.） and common ash （Fraxinus excelsior L.）, followed by European beech （Fagus sylvatica L.） and secondarily silver fir （Abies alba Mill.）. Traditional land-use and population decline in the Pesio Valley led to a reduction in ecotone areas. A transition to a more homogeneous landscape is expected in the next decades. Given the cultural and productive nature of these mountain meadow-pasture communities, extensive livestock grazing systems could be used to manage their future conservation. 相似文献
3.
Zongming Wang Yubo Zhang Bai Zhang Kaishan Song Zhixing Guo Dianwei Liu Fang Li 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2008,18(2):137-145
The landscape pattern of Da＇an County, Northeast China has undergone significant changes since the 1950s as a result of climatic change and human activities. The aim of this paper is to quantitatively study landscape pattern and its spatial dynamics of Da＇an County at the landscape level over the nearly 50-year span. Patch dynamics were examined according to land use and land cover change processes built from a series of images, as well as topographic maps, and temporal patterns built from landscape pattern metrics. The transition matrix of landscape patch types and changes of various landscape metrics were applied. The results showed that, from 1956 to 2000, the landscape within the study area had undertaken a complicated evolution in landscape structure and composition. The outstanding characteristic is that saline-alkali land increased and grassland decreased. As some smaller patches amalgamated, the heterogeneity of patch decreased. All those changes were the synthetic result of both climatic and anthropogenic influences, but the predominant factor was different in different parts. In the southern part of the study area, the landscape pattern changes resulted from the modification of climate obviously, while in the northern part, the landscape pattern changes were mainly caused by human activities, such as the conversion between farmland and saline-alkali land. This phenomenon showed that human activities played more important role in the north than in the south of Da＇an County. 相似文献
4.
野鸭湖湿地自然保护区是北京最大的湿地自然保护区,也是唯一的湿地鸟类自然保护区,因此,选择野鸭湖研究城市湿地景观格局演变特征具有典型意义。以野鸭湖自然保护区为研究对象,分析了1999年、2004年、2009年和2014年4个时期野鸭湖湿地系统景观格局演变过程,并根据景观指数分析其动态变化趋势。研究结果表明:①野鸭湖湿地面积在1999~2004年间逐渐减少,之后逐年恢复,至2014年湿地面积总数已恢复到1999年的水平,但水体的面积仍缩减一半,主要恢复的是草甸湿地和疏林湿地。②野鸭湖湿地景观格局的变化特征主要表现为:景观破碎度增加,景观形状更加复杂,景观多样性和异质性增加而优势度降低。③野鸭湖湿地斑块类型呈现如下特征:耕地连片分布,耕地开垦力度减缓;草甸湿地成片增长且优势度逐渐明显,形状复杂;水体分布聚集,2014年出现恢复现象;疏林湿地面积不断增长,呈现破碎化现象;建筑用地面积也略微增长,但分布分散;滩涂湿地面积最小,形状简单。 相似文献
5.
黄河源区玛多县土地利用/覆被及景观格局变化的遥感分析 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
采用了黄河源地区1977、1990及2003年MSS、TM的3个时相遥感影像,通过人机交互的解译与GIS的空间分析,提取了玛多县3个时期的土地利用/覆被信息。分析了玛多县各地类的数量变化和空间变化特征。另外对景观生态空间分布格局,利用FRAGSTATS软件对玛多县景观级别的动态特征进行了分析。结果表明:玛多县的土地利用/覆被类型以草地为主,占全区总面积77.93%;退化现象十分严重,主要是草地覆盖度的降低以及草地沙化;景观破碎化程度在前期呈下降趋势,而后期呈上升趋势,景观斑块形态越来越偏离规则而变得复杂、多样。 相似文献
6.
肖笃宁，赵羿，郭林海ＬＡＮＤＳＣＡＰＥＰＡＴＴＥＲＮＣＨＡＮＧＥＳＩＮＷＥＳＴＳＵＢＵＲＢＳＯＦＳＨＥＮＹＡＮＧ￥ＸｉａｏＤｕｎｉｎｇ；ＺｈａｏＹｉ；ＧｕｏＬｉｎｈａｉ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＡｐｐｌｉｅｄＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ，ｔｈｅＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄ... 相似文献
7.
以1995年和2005年官司河流域两个时期的TM遥感数据作为基本信息源,采用GIS和数理统计的方法提取景观类型,通过基质比例、斑块数量和面积变化率、斑块密度变化率3个指标,以及景观类型转化规律对流域的景观稳定性进行了初步研究。结果表明:(1)耕地是整个流域人工景观的基质,处在频繁耕作及动态变化中,稳定性不高,马尾松林地作为半自然景观的基质,稳定性亦较低,但有所提高;(2)城镇及水域的斑块稳定性最高,马尾松林地、栎类林地和柏木林地次之,耕地与村庄的稳定性最低;(3)耕地与水域及有林地的转化最为剧烈,这与1998年以来,流域实施的退耕还林工程密切相关,但水域及有林地的稳定性仍然取决于其自然稳定性,且景观格局呈现良好发展趋势;(4)中小斑块的马尾松林地及柏木林地的稳定性对流域的景观稳定性具有重要作用,须以合理的保护、规划及建设。 相似文献
8.
1992-2010年基于DMSP-OLS图像的环渤海城市群空间格局变化分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从DMSP-OLS数据提取城市区域的经验阈值法存在固有的缺陷,经验阈值对不同的空间区域不具备通用性,不适用的经验阈值,将导致城区面积提取具有较大误差,可采用统计数据对经验阈值进行修正以降低误差。本文在大时空尺度条件下以少量样本城市的统计数据对经验阈值方法进行了修正;另采用Elvidge二次多项式模型对DMSP-OLS时间序列数据进行了校正。在此基础上选取总斑块数量、景观总面积、平均斑块大小、最大斑块面积比、斑块密度、景观形状指数、总边界长度、平均边界密度和斑块平均回旋半径共9个景观生态学指标,采用FRAGSTATS 3.3软件计算分析了1992-2010年环渤海区域城市发展的空间格局变化特征。结果表明:1992-2010年间,环渤海区域城市化进程持续较快发展,城市建成区总面积增加了2.14倍,平均城市建成区面积增加了76%,提取到的城市斑块平均回旋半径增加了约26.5%,并且城市景观斑块的复杂度明显上升,可检测到的城镇总个数增加了82%。但是,每100km2内孤立的城市景观斑块数却降低了约76%;大城市持续扩张的相对速度慢于中小城市,城市区域边界密度和整体城市分布景观格局破碎度逐渐降低,核心城市与周围卫星城市的景观斑块的联通性逐步增加。 相似文献
9.
喀斯特地区不同石漠化等级的结构和格局是实现区域石漠化治理的重要基础信息,受技术手段的限制,目前这方面的研究进展仍非常缓慢。随着无人机技术的快速发展,高精度的地表信息获取越来越方便、且成本较低。本研究利用无人机影像,对比了基于像元的非监督和监督分类方法以及面向对象的分类方法在裸岩信息提取中的表现,发现面向对象分类结果具有更高精度。基于获得的裸岩分布信息的研究结果表明：① 岩石平均斑块面积与裸岩率呈负相关的关系,岩石斑块个数与裸岩率呈正相关关系;② 通过对比不同裸岩率（11%、20%、29%和48%）基质的景观斑块指数、景观形状指数和景观破碎度指数对不同裸岩率的景观分布的影响,从而表明了在不同的石漠化地区随着裸岩率的增加,岩石形状指数与岩石破碎度指数均逐渐增加,进而表明石漠化程度越严重;③ 裸岩率不同的地区表现不同的分布形态和斑块特征,裸岩率越高,岩石越破碎,斑块分布较为分散。小尺度斑块景观格局与区域的生态过程有着重要关系,开展小尺度景观格局的研究会深化区域尺度石漠化发展过程的理解。石漠化地区的小尺度斑块景观格局变化影响区域的生态过程,对以后的石漠化过程以及未来石漠化演变的发展有重要的启示作用。 相似文献
10.
Under conditions of a warmer climate, the advance of the alpine treeline into alpine tundra has implications for carbon dynamics in mountain ecosystems. However, the above- and below-ground live biomass allocations among different vegetation types within the treeline ecotones are not well investigated. To determine the altitudinal patterns of above-/below-ground carbon allocation, we measured the root biomass and estimated the above-ground biomass (AGB) in a subalpine forest, treeline forest, alpine shrub, and alpine grassland along two elevational transects towards the alpine tundra in southeast Tibet. The AGB strongly declined with increasing elevation, which was associated with a decrease in the leaf area index and a consequent reduction in carbon gain. The fine root biomass (FRB) increased significantly more in the alpine shrub and grassland than in the treeline forest, whereas the coarse root biomass changed little with increasing altitudes, which led to a stable below-ground biomass (BGB) value across altitudes. Warm and infertile soil conditions might explain the large amount of FRB in alpine shrub and grassland. Consequently, the root to shoot biomass ratio increased sharply with altitude, which suggested a remarkable shift of biomass allocation to root systems near the alpine tundra. Our findings demonstrate contrasting changes in AGB and BGB allocations across treeline ecotones, which should be considered when estimating carbon dynamics with shifting treelines. 相似文献
11.
本文选择大连市沙河口和西岗区为研究区,以Landsat ETM、SPOT等数据为基础,通过遥感解译和反演得到1999年和2013年研究区内绿地及地表温度空间分布及演变特征,结合温度-植被指数（TVX）空间分析法测度城区发展过程中绿色空间减退所引起的热环境效应,以提出更有针对性的城市气候变化适应性规划。研究结果表明：（1）1999-2013年,研究区绿地面积减少43.8%,绿地斑块增加42.9%,城市绿地呈现面积减少、空间分布碎化的演变特征。其中,森林绿地、公园绿地和街区绿地转化为建设用地的贡献率分别为43.8%、42.9%和13.3%,街区绿地因原始面积小且转化率高,被建设用地侵占最为严重。（2）1999-2013年,研究区地表温度最高值上升5.2 K,地表温差增加1.7 K,地温聚集区间由301.6 ~304.7 K上升至306.5~310.9 K,热环境效应加剧。（3）TVX模型追踪结果显示,快速城市化过程中研究区内城市绿地转化为建设用地引起植被覆盖度下降和地表温度上升,其中街区绿地被侵占造成的地表热环境效应大于公园绿地和森林绿地。 相似文献
12.
基于地学知识的大尺度土地利用/土地覆盖精细化分类方法研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
人类活动对生态环境具有显著影响,大尺度土地利用/覆盖变化（Land Use/Cover Change,LUCC）作为人类活动最直接的表征,能够很好地反映这一过程,因此进行精确而迅速的大尺度土地利用/覆盖分类与提取方法研究尤为关键。全球覆盖产品GlobCover（2005/2006）数据已经具有良好的空间精度和数据准确度,但仍然存在一些分类误差。为提高地表覆被分类精度,本文以GlobCover（2005/2006）的巴西数据为例,以2005年Landsat TM/ETM影像为主要信息源,结合相应地学知识与辅助数据,利用人机交互逐栅格修改方法得到2005年土地利用数据产品。结果表明：通过对GlobCover数据和本次成果数据进行精度评价与对比分析,GlobCover数据巴西地区的总体精度为67.17%,Kappa系数为0.58,改进后产品总体精度为93.39%,Kappa系数为0.91。此外,改进后数据显示巴西常绿阔叶林面积最大,面积比例达45.67%;农地/自然植被镶嵌面积次之,比例为19.19%;封闭灌丛面积最小,比例为12.34%。农地/自然植被镶嵌和灌丛与草地2种地类的修改比例最大,其中混合像元地类比例减少3.54%,灌丛与草地比例增加3.81%。综上,改进方法可以有效地提高土地利用/覆盖分类的效率和精度,为后续大尺度LUCC产品的制作和以LUCC产品为基础的相关研究提供参考。 相似文献
13.
《中国地理科学(英文版)》2021,(5)
The relationship between landscape patterns and soil conservation, as well as the need for nature-based soil erosion control and landscape pattern optimization, have increasingly gained attention in the scientific and political community in the past decade. With the implementation of a series of afforestation/reforestation projects in the western China, the optimization and management of forest landscape patterns will become more important for soil conservation. In this study, the Bailongjiang Watershed(BLJW), in the western China, was used as a case study to explore the relationship between the forest landscape pattern and soil conservation services using mathematical and spatial statistics methods. A spatially-explicit model called the sediment delivery ratio(SDR) model of the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST) was used to assess the soil conservation service in each sub-basin of BLJW in 1990, 2002, and 2014, and landscape indices were used to describe changes in forest landscape patterns in each sub-basin. Nine forest landscape indices, including the percentage of landscape(PLAND), largest patch index(LPI), edge density(ED), landscape shape index(LSI), mean patch shape(SHAPE_MN), patch cohesion index(COHESION), landscape division index(DIVISION), splitting index(SPLIT) and aggregation index(AI), were significantly correlated to the soil conservation service. PLAND, AI, LSI and SPLIT of forestland were determined to be the more important landscape indicators. The results also indicated that soil conservation was substantially scale-dependent. The results demonstrated that landscape type diversity greatly affected watershed soil conservation and can be used for forest landscape restoration and management. Furthermore, spatial statistics analysis indicated that the Spatial Lag Model(SLM) was superior to the Ordinary Least Squares(OLS) for soil conservation regressions in 1990 and 2014, while OLS was more appropriate for the regression in 2002. These findings will be useful for enhancing soil conservation and for optimizing mountainous forest landscape patterns for afforestation/reforestation and regional development. Future planning and implementation of ecological restoration should focus more on strategic spatial planning and integrated landscape management with full consideration of future climate, water availability/consumption, hydrological regime, topography, and watershed features, especially on afforestation and revegetation projects in western mountainous China, where the socio-ecological system is fragile and poor. 相似文献
14.
黄河三角洲具有极高的生态价值,研究其景观格局及生态风险对促进黄河三角洲高质量发展具有重要意义。本文以黄河三角洲1980年、2000年和2020年土地利用数据为基础,分析土地转移及景观格局特征,同时构建生态风险评价模型揭示生态风险时空演变及空间相关性。结果表明：(1)耕地是黄河三角洲最主要的地类,占比在60%以上,1980—2020年土地转移主要发生在耕地、建设用地、水域和未利用地之间。(2)1980—2020年黄河三角洲景观斑块数、景观斑块密度、景观最大斑块指数、景观形状指数和香农多样性指数均呈下降趋势,区域整体趋向简单化和聚集化。(3)黄河三角洲高风险区和较高风险区主要环渤海分布,1980—2020年各级风险区转出最大面积均为更低级风险区,生态风险有所降低。 相似文献
15.
Based on forest inventory data (FID) at sublot level,we estimated the carbon sequestration in forest vegetation of Beijing,China in 2009.In this study,the carbon sequestration in forest vegetation at sublot level was calculated based on net biomass production (ΔB) which was estimated with biomass of each sublot and function relationships between ΔB and biomass.The biomass of forested land was calculated with biomass expansion factors (BEFs) method,while those of shrub land and other forest land types were estimated with biomass,coverage and height of referred shrubs and shrub coverage and height of each sublot.As one of special forested land types,the biomass of economic tree land was calculated with biomass per tree and tree number.The variation of carbon sequestration in forest vegetation with altitude,species and stand age was also investigated in this study.The results indicate that the carbon sequestration in forest vegetation in Beijing is 4.12 × 106 tC/yr,with the average rate of 3.94 tC/(ha·yr).About 56.91% of the total carbon sequestration in forest vegetation is supported by the forest in the plain with an altitude of < 60 m and the low mountainous areas with an altitude from 400 m to 800 m.The carbon sequestration rate in forest vegetation is the highest in the plain area with an altitude of < 60 m and decreased significantly in the transitional area from the low plain to the low mountainous area with an altitude ranging from 200 m to 400 m due to intensive human disturbance.The carbon sequestration of Populus spp.forest and Quercus spp.forest are relatively higher than those of other plant species,accounting for 25.33% of the total.The carbon sequestration in vegetation by the forest of < 40 years amounts to 45.38% of the total.The carbon sequestration rate in forest vegetation peaks at the stand age of 30–40 years.Therefore,it would be crucial for enhancing the capability of carbon sequestration in forest vegetation to protect the forest in Beijing,to limit human disturbance in the transitional area from the plain to the low mountain area,and to foster the newly established open forest. 相似文献
16.
Land use and land cover change on slope in Qiandongnan prefecture of Southwest China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This study uses DEM(Digital Elevation Model) data and remote sensing maps of the study area in 1993, 1999, and 2009 to analyze the slope gradient change of land use patterns in Qiandongnan Prefecture, Guizhou province, China. The land use data were classified into five types, forest, farmland, grassland, water and built-up, the slope gradients were divided into four grades. Indices for analyzing land use features were defined by their proportions, transformation matrixes, land use degree and changes.The results showed that all land use types can be found at every gradient. Generally, with the slope degree increased, the area of forest being augmented as well, while the area of the other land use types(farmland, grassland and build-up) declined. Moreover, a mass of farmland were shifted from other land use types from 0° to 25°, while a quantity of forest were transformed from the other land use types on 25° from 1993 to 2009. In terms of land use degree and changes, the area of farmland and buildup land use types decreased when slope degree increased. Finally, we calculated the five landscape pattern metrics: Patch Density(PD) value, Largest Patch Index(LPI), Shannon's Diversity Index(SHDI), Area-Weighted Mean Shape Index(AWMSI) and Contagion Index(CONTAG). The results of metricsanalysis showed that PD values, SHDI values and CONTA values had a similar variation trend, that is, they decreased when slope degree increased. There was no obvious variation trend on LPI value. 相似文献
17.
高速公路的快速发展在推动经济发展的同时,也对区域的生态环境产生重要的影响。在地理信息系统的支持下,本研究以北京市高速公路网10 km缓冲区为研究区域,利用缓冲区分析、空间分析、统计分析等方法探讨了高速公路周边土地利用变化对景观格局的影响规律。结果表明：① 北京市高速公路周边的土地利用类型主要以建设用地、耕地、林地为主,土地利用变化以耕地向建设用地转入最为显著;② 空间变化上,各缓冲区内土地利用变化以林地、耕地、建设用地的相互转移为主,随着与高速公路的距离增大,土地利用类型从以耕地、建设用地为主逐渐转变为以林地、耕地为主;③ 2005-2015年,各类景观的景观指数变化差异明显,其中水域的斑块密度与分离度指数变化幅度最大,耕地的形状指数增加最快,建设用地的分离度指数减少最多,这与相应的土地利用变化密切相关;④ 基于土地利用变化,北京市高速公路网对周边景观格局的影响范围约为6 km,其中林地转入建设用地以及建设用地与耕地的相互转移是引起公路周边景观空间变化差异的主要原因。 相似文献
18.
景观镶嵌结构是景观异质性的重要表现,同时又是各种生态过程在不同尺度上作用的结果。本文以北京市野鸭湖湿地自然保护区为区域背景,以RS、GIS和GPS为技术手段,监测获取了1996-2002年研究区域湿地土地利用／土地覆盖景观空间格局变化,探讨了土地利用/土地覆盖景观空间格局变化对湿地环境的影响。故此,对1998-2000年和2000-2002年湿地资源景观镶嵌结构的动态变化进行详细分析。结果表明:(1)利用遥感信息多尺度、多时相、多波段的特点,在GIS、GPS技术的支持下,能够快速及时准确地反映湿地景观类型的动态变化,为湿地资源监测、保护与利用提供科学依据。(2)借助景观生态学中的相关原理,通过景观空间格局计算模型解释不同类型湿地景观的分布、变化,剖析湿地景观演化机制,为湿地景观规划与评价服务。(3)分析认为,野鸭湖湿地景观格局发生了较大的变化,水域面积减少严重,耕地面积增长幅度不高,旅游用地和堤坝面积明显增加。(4)湖泊和沼泽草甸是控制和影响湿地景观格局的主体。野鸭湖整个湿地景观的破碎化程度降低,人类活动干扰湿地在不断减弱,湿地景观异质性在逐渐降低,斑块之间的连通性提高,生境斑块相互之间的隔离度大大减少,湿地景观趋向稳定。 相似文献
19.
山西省土地覆盖时空变化特征及其驱动因子分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以遥感与GIS为技术支撑,对山西省20世纪80年代到2005年的土地覆盖进行了动态监测,并分析了土地覆盖的变化特征及其驱动因子;监测表明,山西省土地覆盖时空变化特征:(1)变化数量:城镇建设用地和农村聚落面积增加显著,草地有所增加;旱地和水浇地减少明显,森林和河湖滩地略有减少。(2)变化速度:城镇建设用地增速迅猛,沼泽和农村聚落面积增速较快;河湖滩地减少速度最快,其次,是旱地和水浇地减少速度较快。(3)空间转换:以农田和聚落之间的转换为主,另外城镇建设用地的增加包括其扩展融入的农村聚落等;典型草地的增加主要来自旱地;灌丛减少主要是转变成典型草地,其次是转变成灌丛草地;河湖滩地减少主要是变为内陆水体,再是转变成水浇地。驱动力分析表明,区域自然因素相对稳定,对土地覆盖变化的影响较小,人口、经济、农业结构调整、政策和交通等是山西省土地覆盖变化的主要驱动力。山西省土地覆盖变化的总体特征与区域经济发展、产业布局及其工业化、城市化演变的特征基本一致。 相似文献
20.
本文以Landsat TM/ETM+数据和HJ-1卫星CCD数据,系统分析了2000-2010年新疆地区陆地生态系统变化。10年间,新疆地区建设用地、农田和湿地生态系统迅速扩张,分别增加了30.5%、26.7%和10.2%;草地与灌丛生态系统则大量减少,分别减少了2.4%和5.1%;冰川积雪减少也较为明显,减少了1.6%;荒漠和森林生态系统变化较小。生态系统变化热点区域主要分布在传统绿洲区,尤其是天山南北麓的绿洲区。水利设施改善与灌溉节水技术进步,以及国家西部开发战略导致灌草地被大量开垦为农田,人口增长则是建设用地增加的主因;全球气候变暖使冰川积雪减少明显,20世纪60年代至今面积减少了16.7%~32.5%,导致山区湿地生态系统增加;国家生态环境保护工程则有效地遏制了林地与荒漠生态系统的恶化趋势。山地水源涵养区除了要严格控制森林砍伐外,还要严格禁止灌草的开垦,控制绿洲农田的增加和重视生态过渡带的保护,并加强全球气候变化对新疆水资源影响的研究,以制定相关对策。 相似文献