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1.
Characteristics of the Seismic Waves from a New Active Source Based on Methane Gaseous Detonation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
WANG Weitao WANG Xiang MENG Chuanmin DONG Shi WANG Zhigang XIE Junju WANG Baoshan YANG Wei XU Shanhui WANG Tao 《中国地震研究》2019,33(2):354-366
Active seismic sources are critical for obtaining high resolution images of the subsurface. For active imaging in urban areas, environment friendly and green seismic sources are required. In present work, we introduce a new type of green active source based on the gaseous detonation of methane and oxygen. When fired in a closed container, the chemical reaction, i.e. gaseous detonation, will produce high pressure air over 150MPa. Seismic waves are produced when high pressure air is quickly released to impact the surroundings. The first field experiment of this active source was carried out in December, 2017 in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province, where a series of active sources were excited to explore their potential in mine exploration. In current work, we analyzed the seismic waves recorded by near-field accelerators and a dense short-period seismic array and compared them with those from a mobile airgun source, another kind of active source by releasing high pressure air into water. The results demonstrate that it can be used for high resolution near surface imaging. Firstly, the gaseous detonation productions are harmless CO2 and water, making it a green explosive source. Secondly, the dominant seismic frequencies are 10-80Hz and a single shot can be recorded up to 15km, making it suitable for local structure investigations. Thirdly, it can be excited in vertical wells, similar to traditional powder explosive sources. It can also act as an additional on-land active source to airgun sources, which requires a suitable water body as intermediate media to generate repeating signals. Moreover, the short duration and high frequency signature of the source signals make it safe with no damage to nearby buildings. These make it convenient to excite in urban areas. As a new explosive source, the excitation equipment and conditions, such as gas ratio, sink depth and air-releasing directions, need further investigation to improve seismic wave generation efficiency. 相似文献
2.
在区域边坡地震危险性评价中主要采用永久位移预测模型进行地震边坡永久位移计算。永久位移预测模型以Newmark滑块理论为基础,通过大量实测地震时程记录统计拟合得出。针对Newmark理论中滑动面抗剪强度参数保持不变和已有位移预测模型的计算位移小于实测位移的问题,利用动态临界加速度理论,分别构建含有峰值加速度和阿里亚斯强度的两种位移预测模型。对该模型计算出的永久位移合理性进行讨论,发现永久位移计算结果符合滑坡实测位移的数量级。采用本文模型计算的永久位移更加接近地震滑坡位移实际大小,可以解决一直存在的预测位移小于实测位移的问题。在更进一步讨论发展的基础上,本文模型可满足更多的理论应用和工程实际,为区域边坡地震危险性评价提供思路。 相似文献
3.
The ray formulae for the radiation from point sources in unbounded inhomogeneous isotropic as well as anisotropic media consist of two factors. The first one depends fully on the type and orientation of the source and on the parameters of the medium at the source. We call this factor the directivity function. The second factor depends on the parameters of the medium surrounding the source and this factor is the well-known geometrical spreading. The displacement vector and the radiation pattern defined as a modulus of the amplitude of the displacement vector measured on a unit sphere around the source are both proportional to the ratio of the directivity function and the geometrical spreading.For several reasons it is desirable to separate the two mentioned factors. For example, there are methods in exploration seismics, which separate the effects of the geometrical spreading from the observed wave field (so-called true amplitude concept) and thus require the proposed separation. The separation also has an important impact on computer time savings in modeling seismic wave fields generated by point sources by the ray method. For a given position in a given model, it is sufficient to calculate the geometrical spreading only once. A multitude of various types of point sources with a different orientation can then be calculated at negligible additional cost.In numerical examples we show the effects of anisotropy on the geometrical spreading, the directivity and the radiation pattern. Ray synthetic seismograms due to a point source positioned in an anisotropic medium are also presented and compared with seismograms for an isotropic medium. 相似文献
4.
根据兰德斯(Landers)地震断层面及其附近余震目录计算这些余震产生的位移场, 并与根据兰德斯地震破裂面滑动分布计算的主震产生的位移场进行对比. 结果表明, 断层面及其附近余震产生位移场的方向与主震大体一致, 余震破裂总体来看是继承性的. 余震产生的位移场达厘米量级, 足可以被GPS观测所捕获. 在利用地震震后随时间变化位移场研究地球粘性结构、 地震震后滑动分布等地球物理问题时, 扣除余震产生的位移场可以最大限度地减小反演结果的不确定性, 得到符合实际的结果. 相似文献
5.
Emil Blias 《Geophysical Prospecting》2013,61(3):574-581
I introduce a new explicit form of vertical seismic profile (VSP) traveltime approximation for a 2D model with non‐horizontal boundaries and anisotropic layers. The goal of the new approximation is to dramatically decrease the cost of time calculations by reducing the number of calculated rays in a complex multi‐layered anisotropic model for VSP walkaway data with many sources. This traveltime approximation extends the generalized moveout approximation proposed by Fomel and Stovas. The new equation is designed for borehole seismic geometry where the receivers are placed in a well while the sources are on the surface. For this, the time‐offset function is presented as a sum of odd and even functions. Coefficients in this approximation are determined by calculating the traveltime and its first‐ and second‐order derivatives at five specific rays. Once these coefficients are determined, the traveltimes at other rays are calculated by this approximation. Testing this new approximation on a 2D anisotropic model with dipping boundaries shows its very high accuracy for offsets three times the reflector depths. The new approximation can be used for 2D anisotropic models with tilted symmetry axes for practical VSP geometry calculations. The new explicit approximation eliminates the need of massive ray tracing in a complicated velocity model for multi‐source VSP surveys. This method is designed not for NMO correction but for replacing conventional ray tracing for time calculations. 相似文献
6.
目前用于结构抗震设计的反应谱仅能反映峰值反应,无法体现反应值随时间的变化。文中提出一种弹性能量半径演化谱,可反映线性单自由度体系弹性能量(即动能与弹性势能之和)随地震持时的变化,且其峰值近似等于结构峰值位移。文中给出了利用地震动演化功率谱得到该演化谱的方法并进一步发展了一种计算线性多自由度体系地震位移反应的新方法。通过两座框架结构的地震反应计算,将新方法与传统振型组合法及时程分析法的计算结果进行对比,发现对于振型稀疏结构,新方法计算结果与SRSS法接近;而对于振型密集结构,新方法计算结果较CQC法更精确,且避免了CQC法相关系数的复杂计算。 相似文献
7.
基于动态临界加速度计算地震边坡永久位移的方法应用了边坡分布的不均匀性,不均匀分布程度影响着永久位移计算结果。研究Newmark滑块底部或潜在滑动面上抗剪强度参数的分布特征,有利于了解地震过程中临界加速度的分布和变化过程,为地震边坡永久位移计算参数选取提供依据。通过计算发现：边坡土体标准差的线性关系比较微弱,在缺乏实验数据时,仅可参考使用;黏聚力随机数个数达到200时所计算的永久位移数值不再有波动;黏聚力无论设置为正态分布还是对数正态分布均不影响永久位移计算结果;黏聚力标准差的数值大小对永久位移的大小和离散性影响很大。在地震边坡计算时,尽量将其设置为符合正态分布;尽量根据实测数据设定黏聚力标准差,若缺乏实测资料,可参考两者的线性关系并结合经验进行标准差设定。 相似文献
8.
Numerical simulations of a highway bridge structure employing passive negative stiffness device for seismic protection 
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下载免费PDF全文 Navid Attary Michael Symans Satish Nagarajaiah Andrei M. Reinhorn Michael C. Constantinou Apostolos A. Sarlis Dharma T. R. Pasala Douglas Taylor 《地震工程与结构动力学》2015,44(6):973-995
A new passive seismic response control device has been developed, fabricated, and tested by the authors and shown to be capable of producing negative stiffness via a purely mechanical mechanism, thus representing a new generation of seismic protection devices. Although the concept of negative stiffness may appear to be a reversal on the desired relationship between the force and displacement in structures (the desired relationship being that the product of restoring force and displacement is nonnegative), when implemented in parallel with a structure having positive stiffness, the combined system appears to have substantially reduced stiffness while remaining stable. Thus, there is an ‘apparent weakening and softening’ of the structure that results in reduced forces and increased displacements (where the weakening and softening is of a non‐damaging nature in that it occurs in a seismic protection device rather than within the structural framing system). Any excessive displacement response can then be limited by incorporating a damping device in parallel with the negative stiffness device. The combination of negative stiffness and passive damping provides a large degree of control over the expected performance of the structure. In this paper, a numerical study is presented on the performance of a seismically isolated highway bridge model that is subjected to various strong earthquake ground motions. The Negative Stiffness Devices (NSDs) are described along with their hysteretic behavior as obtained from a series of cyclic tests wherein the tests were conducted using a modified design of the NSDs (modified for testing within the bridge model). Using the results from the cyclic tests, numerical simulations of the seismic response of the isolated bridge model were conducted for various configurations (with/without negative stiffness devices and/or viscous dampers). The results demonstrate that the addition of negative stiffness devices reduces the base shear substantially, while the deck displacement is limited to acceptable values. This assessment was conducted as part of a NEES (Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation) project which included shaking table tests of a quarter‐scale highway bridge model. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
9.
Vlastislav Červený I. A. Molotkov Ivan Pšenčík Reviewer J. Vaněk 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1982,26(4):342-351
Summary The space-time ray method can be applied to the evaluation and continuation (extrapolation) of the complete seismic wave field in laterally inhomogeneous media with curved interfaces. The wave field propagates along certain space-time curves, called space-time rays. Their space projections correspond to standard rays. Examples of possible applications of the space-time ray method, where the standard ray method fails, are as follows: a) The propagation of seismic waves in slightly dissipative media, b) The computation of seismic wave fields generated by seismic sources with direction-dependent source-time variations. c) Downward continuation of the seismic wave field (actual seismograms) measured at the Earth's surface. 相似文献
10.
I. Ya. Chebotareva 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2010,46(3):199-215
Two new algorithms of seismic emission tomography and the results of their numerical testing are presented. The algorithms
allow eliminating of the screening effect caused by spatially correlated noise, and imaging of deep weak sources. Both algorithms
invoke spatial filters, calculated on the basis of singular decomposition of the spectral matrix of the wave field. The key
parameter of such a filter is the number of eigenvectors of the spectral matrix, which must be rejected in the process of
seismic emission imaging in order to eliminate the screening effect. Consecutive increasing in the number of rejected eigenvectors
enables imaging of ever weaker seismic sources. 相似文献
11.
I. Ya. Chebotareva 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2010,46(3):187-198
Two new algorithms of seismic emission tomography and the results of their numerical testing are presented. The algorithms allow eliminating of the screening effect caused by spatially correlated noise, and imaging of deep weak sources. Both algorithms invoke spatial filters, calculated on the basis of singular decomposition of the spectral matrix of the wave field. The key parameter of such a filter is the number of eigenvectors of the spectral matrix, which must be rejected in the process of seismic emission imaging in order to eliminate the screening effect. Consecutive increasing in the number of rejected eigenvectors enables imaging of ever weaker seismic sources. 相似文献
12.
A procedure is developed in this paper that enables modification of the Modal Pushover results to predict the peak dynamic responses. Steps involved in this procedure cannot be strictly derivable from the first principle, but the resulting responses always match with the theoretical results within the elastic regime. A Generalized Single Degree of Freedom system is defined with a displacement profile derived from the maximum (regardless of sign) relative floor displacements and results of which is semi-empirically modified to predict the peak dynamic responses. Three test-beds are considered for assessment of the proposed method: (1) ten-storeyed symmetric building designed and detailed conforming to the Indian seismic code; (2) ten storey plan-asymmetric building designed and detailed per Indian seismic code; and (3) seven-storeyed existing building located in seismic Zone IV of India. Three seismic events recorded at the Large Scale Seismic Testing array in Lotung, Taiwan are used for this purpose. Distribution of the peak absolute floor acceleration and peak relative floor velocity across the height based on the proposed method is found in well agreement with those calculated using the rigorous IDA. The procedure can best be applied to the seismic safety assessment non-structural components (that are acceleration and velocity sensitive) of building adding a little cost to the routine assessment of structural components. 相似文献
13.
从分层均匀介质中地震波传播的基本理论出发, 参考已有的利用广义反射透射系数矩阵方法计算分层均匀介质中点源引起的地面运动的方法和程序, 考虑了任意几何特征的有限震源及有限震源的震源机制随时间和空间发生变化的可能性, 并考虑了并行计算的发展方向, 本文对点源情况下的计算流程进行了改进, 重新设计编写了计算程序GRTMatSyn, 使其不但适应于点源的情形, 也适应于任意几何形状的、 有限的、 震源机制随时间和空间变化的有限震源的情形． 为了验证该程序的可靠性和计算效率, 设计了必要的有限震源模型和观测点分布, 计算了地面运动, 并与已有的被广泛认可的计算有限平面断层引起的地面运动的程序CompSyn的计算结果进行了对比分析． 结果表明, GRTMatSyn的计算结果可靠、 计算效率较高． 相似文献
14.
Synthesis of a seismic virtual reflector* 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We describe a method to process the seismic data generated by a plurality of sources and registered by an appropriate distribution of receivers, which provides new seismic signals as if in the position of the receivers (or sources) there was an ideal reflector, even if this reflector is not present there. The data provided by this method represent the signals of a virtual reflector. The proposed algorithm performs the convolution and the subsequent sum of the real traces without needing subsurface model information. The approach can be used in combination with seismic interferometry to separate wavefields and process the reflection events. The application is described with synthetic examples, including stationary phase analysis and with real data in which the virtual reflector signal can be appreciated. 相似文献
15.
借助人工震源,主动探测地下介质结构、并监视其动态变化是地震学家的一个梦想,本文提出的精密主动地震监测(PASM: Precisely and Actively Seismic Monitoring)为实现这一梦想提供了一条可能的途径.本文介绍的精密主动地震监测系统以与GPS保持同步的电子系统控制的旋转质量体作为地震信号源,产生精确的、高度可重复的地震信号,这种信号经过地下介质传播到达观测点被数字地震仪器记录,由专门的计算方法提取,可以获得监视地下介质结构的有效信息,从而实现地下介质结构及物性的主动精确动态监测.其中震源是一种连续震源,工作时对地输入能量强度低,对环境不造成任何破坏性影响,可长期运行,是一种适用范围广泛的绿色震源.以此震源为基础构成的精密主动地震监测系统,配合高灵敏度的数字观测系统,再加上数据处理和信噪比增强技术,可以在150 km以上的距离外得到有效纪录,精确地监视固定路径的精度优于1 ms的走时变化,进而监视地下介质的速度变化和介质参数的变化,是一种前景光明的新型地震学研究方法. 相似文献
16.
Mettupalayam V. Sivaselvan Andrei M. Reinhorn Xiaoyun Shao Scot Weinreber 《地震工程与结构动力学》2008,37(15):1785-1800
A new approach to dynamic force control of mechanical systems, applicable in particular to frame structures, over frequency ranges spanning their resonant frequencies is presented. This approach is implemented using added compliance and displacement compensation. Hydraulic actuators are inherently velocity sources, that is, an electrical signal regulates their velocity response. Such systems are therefore by nature high‐impedance (mechanically stiff) systems. In contrast, for force control, a force source is required. Such a system logically would have to be a low‐impedance (mechanically compliant) system. This is achieved by intentionally introducing a flexible mechanism between the actuator and the structure to be excited. In addition, in order to obtain force control over frequencies spanning the structure's resonant frequency, a displacement compensation feedback loop is needed. The actuator itself operates in closed‐loop displacement control. The theoretical motivation, as well as the laboratory implementation of the above approach is discussed along with experimental results. Having achieved a means of dynamic force control, it can be applied to various experimental seismic simulation techniques such as the effective force method and the real‐time dynamic hybrid testing method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
本文推导了各类点源和线源（压性、张性、压扭性、张扭性、单力偶和双力偶）的理论地震位移场公式, 讨论了板内地震的震源力学性质.根据实测地震位移场、建筑物破坏和倒塌的优势方向等近场资料与理论结果对比, 作者认为, 1966年邢台地震震源机制符合于张性断裂的模型;1966年东川地震震源机制符合于压扭性断裂的模型.根据理论公式和实际位移资料, 给出了邢台地震的地震矩 M0为6.51026达因厘米, 应力降△为39巴.最后指出大地震的震源力学机制反映了该区域长期构造应力作用的状态, 认为双力偶（剪切位错）不一定是板内地震震源机制的最合适的、唯一的模型. 相似文献
18.
In this paper, closed-form analytic expressions for the frequency-wave number domain Fourier amplitudes of the displacement field at the free surface of a layered, anelastic half-space are established. The displacement field is caused by a seismic source described by a shear dislocation propagating with constant velocity over a rectangular fault (Haskell's model). Three-dimensional plane wave propagation is considered in the layered half-space using a propagator-based formalism. The wave radiation from the source is decoupled into P-SV and SH motions and the two problems are treated separately. First, analytic expressions are calculated for the displacement field at the free surface due to unidirectional unit impulses. Then, these expressions are used to compute solutions for the displacement field due to effective point sources associated with a pure strike slip and a pure dip slip. Finally, these solutions are combined and integrated over the rectangular fault area to establish closed-form analytic expressions of the total displacement field at the free surface. 相似文献
19.
地震数据与地下介质物性参数之间的复杂关系,决定了地震全波形反演在理论方法上面临着强烈的非线性难题.地下不同物性参数的不同分量在地震数据上具有不同的表现,勘探的不同阶段对地下介质模型的精度也具有不同的要求,这就决定了在地震全波形反演过程中不必时刻追求地震数据全部信息的匹配,部分信息的匹配就有可能解决现阶段的某些问题,还可以一定程度上规避匹配全部地震信息所遇到的强烈非线性难题.基于这样的考虑,我们提出了利用地震数据子集进行波形反演的思路,给出了统一的反演方法,并通过基于包络数据子集以及反射波数据子集的波形反演的理论模型与实际资料反演试验,证明了所提出的波形反演思路和方法的正确性. 相似文献
20.
Krzysztof P. Teisseyre 《Acta Geophysica》2007,55(4):535-553
Analysis of a group of seismic events which took place in central Italy and have been recorded at the l’Aquila Observatory
reveals proportionality between the maximum seismic signal (the displacement velocity) and the maximum amplitudes of rotational
components. To compare the seismic events in the aspect of energy emitted as rotational motions, the rotation indices are
used; these indices help us also to differentiate between the results obtained for different frequency spectra.
In the adopted higher frequency range, 2.6–43 Hz, the relation between maximum displacement velocities and the rotation indices
is roughly reciprocal, while for the lower frequencies, 0.3–3 Hz, there is no clear relationship.
The share of rotation motions in the whole seismic energy emitted from the source varies during the seismic event. Research
on the rotational components hidden in the seismic field gives a new insight into the processes in the source. 相似文献