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1.
以2021年兰州市主城区678个居住小区房价数据为基础,引入地理场模型量化影响房价的外部因素,通过空间自相关分析、多尺度地理加权回归等模型对房价分异的空间格局及驱动因素的作用机理、带宽差异展开研究,以期为推动河谷型城市房产市场的公平发展提供参考。结果表明:(1)兰州市主城区平均房价为13739元·m-2,空间上呈现“一主三副”的带状多中心组团式分布格局,房价由多中心向四周递减,价格相似的小区在地理空间上邻近分布,具有“小集中、大分散”的局部空间特征。(2)房价分异是多种驱动因素共同作用的结果,区位特征中的主商圈对房价的影响居于首位,建筑特征中的房龄、容积率和邻里特征中的中学数量、绿化率等对房价的影响较大,城市地理特征对房价具有显著影响,愈靠近黄河的小区、房价越高。(3)各驱动因素的带宽差异明显,主商圈、医院等小尺度变量存在高度空间异质性,而容积率、黄河等全局变量基本不存在空间异质性。 相似文献
2.
The main objective of this study is to assess evacuation assistance need in the 100 year floodplain of South Florida (Palm Beach, Broward and Miami-Dade counties) by examining select population characteristics of the floodplain inhabitants. Dasymetric mapping is used to redistribute block group level census data to homogeneous inhabited zones of 30 m × 30 m. Because the 100 year floodplain does not correspond to block group boundaries, this data redistribution increases the resolution and accuracy of the floodplain population and their social characteristics. Data on poverty, age, vehicle ownership and mobile housing units are obtained for each 30 m × 30 m zone in the floodplain and is aggregated to the block group level. It is then used to assess evacuation assistance need (based on volume of need as well as concentration of need) for the floodplain in each block group. Results reveal variations in evacuation need across the floodplain. “Age” is the main driver of evacuation need along the coast. “Poverty” is a factor inland, in both urban and rural areas. “Lack of vehicle ownership” contributes to assistance need in coastal and inland urban areas, but not so much in rural areas. “Mobile housing” is a factor in rural areas. Miami-Dade County has higher volume and concentration of poor households lacking vehicular ownership. Palm Beach and Broward counties, on the other hand, have a more dominant presence of elderly and of mobile housing. These results have important implications for local and regional evacuation planning in the event of a 100 year flood. 相似文献
3.
选取合肥市为案例地,基于问卷调查数据,运用有序Logistic回归模型,探究不同类型社区中建成环境对老年人休闲行为的影响。研究发现：1）不同类型社区中,老年人的休闲活动水平存在显著差异,居住在单位房社区的老年人休闲频率最高,公租房社区最低;大部分老年人休闲活动频率为每周≥3 d,且以散步、跳广场舞、打牌等低强度活动为主。2）在感知建成环境变量中,对社区整体步行环境的感知与单位房社区和商品房社区老年人的日常休闲行为存在正相关;而对社区治安的评价仅对居住在单位房社区的老年人表现出积极影响;居住在公租房社区中的老年人对社区交通便捷度的感知与其日常休闲行为间存在正相关。3）在客观建成环境变量中,土地混合利用度与老年居民日常休闲行为的关系在单位房社区表现为正相关,但在公租房社区呈现负相关;离最近公交站距离越远,商品房和公租房社区老年人的日常休闲行为频率越低;交叉路口的密度对老年人日常休闲行为的负向影响仅表现在单位房社区。4）建成环境对不同休闲频率的老年人表现出差异化影响,单位房社区中,社区治安、社区整体步行环境的满意度和土地混合利用度对中低休闲频率的老年人产生负向影响,对高休闲频率的老年人产生正向影响,而交叉路口密度的作用方向正好相反;商品房社区中,社区整体步行环境的满意度与低休闲频率的老年人呈负向关联,与高休闲频率的老年人呈正向关联,到最近公交车站的距离与二者的关系恰好相反;公租房社区中,低休闲频率的老年人与社区交通便捷度之间呈负相关关系,与土地混合利用度和到最近公交车站的距离呈正相关关系,而中等休闲频率的老年人正好相反,高休闲频率的老年人仅受到社区交通便捷度的积极影响。 相似文献
4.
XIA Shaoxia YU Xiubo LEI Jinyu HEARN Richard SMITH Bena LEI Gang XIE Ping 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(10):1617-1632
The Yangtze River floodplain is critical for migratory waterbirds along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway(EAAF). Greater awareness of its global importance is urgently needed to ensure waterbird populations remain in favourable conservation status, as well as the enhancement of wider wetland biodiversity within this region. The designation of protected wetland areas and building a green ecological corridor in the Yangtze floodplain is now becoming a critical issue of interest to the Chinese government. Priority sites in this area were identified based on the criteria used to identify sites that qualify as Wetlands of International Importance(Ramsar Sites) and Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas(IBAs) by using multi-source data. The results show that 140 of the sites surveyed are priority sites. The Importance Index(I) for the whole floodplain decreased slightly from 2001–2005 and an unbalanced distribution pattern is evident with Jiangxi and Hunan provinces significantly higher than the other provinces in the floodplain. Although more than 60% of the priority sites are currently located outside protected areas, the average Conservation Effectiveness Index(C) of the whole floodplain is 75.6%, which suggests the coverage of protected areas for most wintering waterbird population is reasonable. Conservation of the Yangtze River floodplain needs to be further strengthened due to declining waterbird abundances and the mismatch between the distribution of protected areas and their importance for wintering waterbirds. A comprehensive system for priority site identification and protection and scientific review is needed. Multi-sourced data from regular, systematic and coordinated monitoring of waterbird distribution and abundance across the EAAF, as well as national scale citizen science programmes are also critically important. 相似文献
5.
P.A. Aarrestad G.S. Masunga H. Hytteborn M.L. Pitlagano W. Marokane C. Skarpe 《Journal of Arid Environments》2011,75(3):290-297
The response of the field layer vegetation to co-varying resource availability (soil nutrients, light) and resource loss (herbivory pressure) was investigated along a landscape gradient highly influenced by elephants and smaller ungulates at the Chobe River front in Botswana. TWINSPAN classification was used to identify plant communities. Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) were used to explore the vegetation-environment relationships. Four plant communities were described: Panicum maximum woodland, Tribulus terrestris woodland/shrubland, Chloris virgata shrubland and Cynodon dactylon floodplain. Plant height, species richness and diversity decreased with increasing resource availability and resource loss. The species composition was mainly explained by differences in soil resources, followed by variables related to light availability (woody cover) and herbivory, and by interactions between these variables. The vegetation structure and species richness, on the other hand, followed the general theories of vegetation responses to herbivory more closely than resource related theories. The results suggest a strong interaction between resource availability and herbivory in their influence on the composition, species richness and structure of the plant communities. 相似文献
6.
基于广州25个典型社区（4种居住类型）的962份调查问卷,采用卡方分析和二元逻辑回归模型探讨了居民的超重特征。结果发现,不同居住类型具有不同的超重水平和超重分层特征。1）居民超重率为历史街区＞保障性住房＞单位社区＞商品房社区。商品房社区居民超重水平最低,与其较高的受教育程度与收入水平带来更好的健康知识和社区资源获取能力有关;单位社区和历史街区超重水平较高,与其长期的住房环境隔离聚集了大量受教育程度和收入水平都较低的居民有关;此外,历史街区较大比例的高龄人群也使超重率提高;保障性住房居民较高的超重率与其较差的社区环境,以及具有高比例资源获取能力差的低收入人群相关。2）对所有居住类型来说,老年人和已婚人口都是容易超重的人群。保障性住房和单位社区居民收入的提高可能增加额外的社区资源可获得性,而产生超重分层。历史街区居民整体教育水平偏低,相比之下,高教育水平居民可能因其具有更多的健康知识而降低超重水平。商品房社区产生超重分层与其高收入居民具有的不健康工作生活方式有关。 相似文献
7.
中国大城市保障房居民情绪幸福感影响因素 ——以广州市为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用在广州市13个保障房社区收集的一手数据,运用多元线性回归模型和中介效应分析技术,分析了保障房社区居民情绪幸福感影响因素。结果表明：社区建成环境（住房条件、社区建设）和社区社会环境（社区社会网络和社区凝聚力）与情绪幸福感水平显著相关,但没有证据表明社区内的保障房比重与情绪幸福感相关。此外,居民的人口与社会经济特征与其情绪幸福感显著相关。身体健康水平与情绪幸福感水平显著相关,且对于婚姻状况和住房条件与情绪幸福感的关系而言起到中介效应。因此,保障房的规划和建设要兼顾社会环境建设和物质环境建设,以提升保障房社区居民的幸福感和生活体验。 相似文献
8.
基于住宅价格视角的居住分异耦合机制与时空特征——以南京为例 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13
城市住宅价格空间分异,是居住空间资源非均衡配置的市场化表达,映射出不同阶层社会群体对城市住宅的选择倾向与需求差异,与居住空间分异在机制和格局上存在一定耦合关联。以南京主城区商品房社区为研究对象,构建起住宅价格特征变量指标体系,采用地理加权回归模型,分析导致房价空间差异的主要因素、组合关系及时空演变特征。研究发现：社区服务档次、学区资源、环境区位、景观稀缺等能够体现居住群体经济实力、生活方式与文化品位的因素,是影响房价分异的主导要素并随时间不断强化;南京房价总体上呈现“圈层+扇形+飞地”的空间结构,高房价主要分布在城市中心、名校学区、高档封闭社区和山水景观别墅区;房价分异与居住分异在作用机制和空间格局上表现出显著的关联耦合特征。城市房价空间分异不止于表达,同时也是推动居住空间分异与再分化的重要驱动机制,并能够预判未来一段时期内城市居住空间分异格局演变的基本走势,可以为城市社会空间研究提供具有前瞻性的观察视角和分析工具。 相似文献
9.
天山南麓山前平原土壤盐分空间异质性对植物群落组成及结构的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
将轮台天山南麓山前平原中下部自北至南分为4个地貌带:洪水剥蚀带、溢出带、三角洲带及两河交汇区带。并以土壤电导作为积盐程度的指标,分析了天山南麓山前平原4个地貌带土壤盐的分布特征:溢出带和三角洲带土壤盐分含量高,两端洪水剥蚀带和两河交汇区带盐分含量低。物种多样性及物种组成分析结果表明,自北至南物种多样性及物种数量都在下降,洪水剥蚀带主要为柽柳群落、琵琶柴群落,溢出带主要为柽柳群落、盐节木群落、盐角草群落,三角洲带及两河交汇区均为柽柳群落。通过相关性分析,土壤盐分与群落物种多样性相关性不显著。但是,土壤盐渍化的变化明显影响到植物群落物种组成的变化、群落类型的空间分布和演替。 相似文献
10.
随着中国特色社会主义新时代人民对美好生活的向往与日俱增,配建房居住群体作为一类“夹心层”群体,其住区环境和主观幸福感理应得到充分重视。论文以深圳市混合居住区为例,揭示配建房住区环境对居民主观幸福感的影响机制。针对3个典型住区开展问卷及访谈调研,并构建结构方程模型,将地方感和房屋类型分别作为住区环境影响居民主观幸福感的中介变量和调节变量。研究结果表明：(1)总的看,住区环境对居民主观幸福感具有显著的直接影响;分维度看,社会环境对主观幸福感具有直接影响,而建成环境中,小区环境、社区环境和住房环境对主观幸福感影响均不显著;(2)由中介效应看,社会环境通过建立居民地方感间接影响主观幸福感;(3)由房屋类型看,相较保障房住户,人才房住户主观幸福感受社会环境影响强度更大。综合来看,研究结果能够为完善配建房制度提供科学决策支持。 相似文献
11.
Wildfires cause different impacts, depending on the conditions and resilience level of the exposed communities. Wildfire occurrence in mainland Portugal was assessed with regard to socioeconomic and demographic parameters, to identify the most distinctive conditions of fire-affected areas, without implying the existence of causal relationships. The latest population and agriculture census data were used to retrieve conditions at the civil parish level, regarding demographic patterns, social and labor conditions, physical structures and agricultural activities. To identify differences between parishes, two groups were created with the communities that showed the highest and lowest 20% of wildfire incidence between 2007 and 2014, separately for density of fire events and for burned area. A stepwise approach based on classification trees and random Forest methods was applied to identify the best discriminant variables between the groups. First, irrelevant variables were removed by an interactive process based on misclassification rates. The second step used random Forest analysis to the remaining variables to evaluate their importance in distinguishing the groups. In the final step, cluster analysis was applied to test the correspondence between the clusters created with the selected variables and the initial groups. Results showed that parishes with higher fire density have higher population density, higher proportion of young and educated people, larger families and more overcrowded buildings. On the contrary, parishes with larger burned area are less populated, less attractive to foreigners, have a higher proportion of elderly people, more degraded housing conditions and agricultural activities, visible in the density of sheep and goat and pastures, are still relevant. The cluster analysis demonstrated a better performance of the model for wildfire density, revealing a strong association with socioeconomic dynamics with an agreement above 0.85, much higher than for burned areas which is 0.29. Overall, the spatial distribution of wildfire impacts is framed by societal settings and particular conditions must be further understood to improve the coping capacity of affected communities. 相似文献
12.
Leal A. K. Mertes Darin L. Daniel John M. Melack Bruce Nelson Luiz A. Martinelli Bruce R. Forsberg 《Geomorphology》1995,13(1-4)
The spatial heterogeneity of hydrology and vegetation during high-water periods in geomorphically distinct reaches of the Amazon River in Brazil was determined based on semivariance statistics. The spatial statistics were derived from three classified Landsat Thematic Mapper images representing upstream to downstream geomorphic characteristics. In the upstream river reach, scroll-bar topography on the floodplain tends to channelize floodwater into floodplain drainage channels, thus reducing the diversity of water types by reducing opportunities for mixing of flooding river water with locally derived floodplain water. The highest diversity of vegetation types is along floodplain drainage channels, while the rest of the floodplain has a more homogeneous cover. In the middle reach of the river the diversity of wetland classes as measured by semivariance is higher than both upstream and downstream, perhaps because of exposure to more water types and landforms. The diversity of water types is high, because flooding river water flows onto the floodplain as diffuse, non-channelized overbank flow, as well as through drainage channels. The non-channelized overbank flow readily mixes with locally derived floodplain water. Floodplain landforms available for colonization by vegetation include scroll bars, swales, lake shores, lake deltas, and floodplain drainage channels. In the downstream reach where the floodplain is wide, relatively flat, and covered with huge lakes, the floodplain supports a moderately heterogeneous mix of vegetation communities. Where landforms are similar, the spatial distribution of the vegetation is similar to that of the middle reach of the river. In the downstream reach flooded forest comprised only 37% of the wetland vegetation. In contrast, in both the upstream and middle reaches, over 70% of the wetland vegetation was flooded forest. Agricultural clearing of the floodplain is more. common in downstream reaches and may account for the smaller percent of floodplain forest cover. 相似文献
13.
Ruijun Zhong Wanxia Zhao Yonghua Zou Robert J. Mason 《The Professional geographer》2018,70(2):175-185
China has witnessed unprecedented growth of its universities in recent years. Because they function as a sort of urban quasi-public good, university campuses generate a variety of externalities within surrounding communities, including their impacts on adjacent housing markets. Through an analysis of the case of Nanjing, China, this study attempts to quantify the association between university campuses and housing markets in China and to help policymakers, planners, and community members better understand campus–community relationships more generally. The study yields the following findings. First, university campuses have been capitalized into the housing prices of their neighboring communities in Nanjing. Second, in the proximate communities, university campus spillover benefits involve trade-offs with the amenity values of other public goods. Third, campus capitalization effects vary across different tiers of universities. Based on the empirical results, we offer several policy implications, key among which are that policymakers need to acknowledge and rationally distribute the potential spillover benefits of the campus to multiple stakeholders; campus and residential communities should be planned synergistically to optimize land use efficiency; and universities should be fully engaged with their surrounding communities to maximize mutual benefits. 相似文献
14.
Within Britain lowland heaths and floodplain forests are rapidly disappearing from the landscape. This paper considers the hydrogeomorphological significance of these two types of semi-natural vegetation cover using research results gathered from a drainage basin in the New Forest, southern England. Whilst heathland vegetation communities are closely adjusted to the soil water hydrological regime, floodplain forests have a distinctive and significant influence on the geomorphology of river channels. Both of these types of interaction are not only of hydrogeomorphological interest, but provide an essential foundation for the effective management and restoration of catchments and rivers containing these types of vegetation cover. 相似文献
15.
城市房价与地价之间的关系错综复杂,不仅受多种因素的交织影响,相互之间也存在动态关系。研究房价与地价关系的传统方法,如Granger因果检验和回归分析等,无法刻画房价与地价之间多维的网络状关系,相比之下,结构方程模型能同时处理多个内生潜变量,且不受观测指标共线性的影响,为刻画地价与房价的交互作用提供了新的工具。从住房与土地市场的供需传导机制出发,推导出房价与地价的结构模型,以北京市为例,运用2003-2013年居住用地价格和2014年在售楼盘价格,与北京市GIS电子地图相匹配,提取商服中心可达性、公共交通可达性、道路可达性、商服繁华度、设施便利性等解释变量,构建地价与房价结构方程模型,分析二者之间的结构关系。 相似文献
16.
城市居民购房与租房的居住选择倾向及其机制存在差异,但当前对租房方面的研究仍显不足。鉴于此,本文构建城市租房户居住选择过程中“好房子、好位置、低租金”不可兼得的“不可能三角”理论框架及其基本理论模型,这为研究租房户居住选择倾向提供了一个新的视角。以广州都市区1328个社区为案例,得出广州都市区的租房户比例呈现核心区低,中心城区和近郊区较高的空间分异格局,并呈现显著的空间关联特征。构建广州都市区租房户居住选择倾向因素指标体系,该体系由租金水平、住房自身条件和区位条件三大类9个指标构成。通过空间误差模型分析表明,广州都市区租房户倾向于居住在低租金水平和房龄较新的社区,且被动选择租住在住房建筑面积较小、住房内部设施较差、日常生活便利性较差的社区中。该结论可丰富和完善中国特大城市居民租房选择理论,为特大城市租赁住房政策制定提供决策参考。 相似文献
17.
The sediment archives in lakes and mires formed by salt solution within the floodplain of the Middle Werra river were used to detect effects of climate and landuse changes on the sedimentation regime of the river by means of high-resolution sedimentological and palynological methods. All archives of the Middle Werra valley show similar sedimentation sequences which are mainly influenced by climate until the Middle Ages and mostly affected by human activity between the Middle Ages and Modern Times. The likelihood of climatic influences in terms of wetter conditions is especially given by a clear increase of indicators for floodplain forest, reed communities and aquatics in combination with decreasing human landuse indicators in the investigation area.In addition, the palynological results show that the sediment input in these depressions is higher both during periods with wetter conditions and with increased human impact in the catchment. According to the fact, that during flood events the river is hydrological connected with these depressions, the minerogenic layers are suspected to be delivered during floods. 相似文献
18.
摘 要：以广州3个大型保障房社区为例,对保障房社区、居民居住意愿及其影响因素进行了定量研究,并对当前保障房社区建设提出了建议。研究发现,广州保障房社区呈现居民受教育水平低、就业率低、贫困比例高、家庭规模大等问题,总体上保障房社区居民的居住意愿较高。在影响因素上,研究发现,保障房周边公共服务设施对社区居住意愿的影响最为显著,且社区交往、社区环境和住房质量等亦具有正向效应,而居住时间则具有负效应。随着中国保障房建设的加速,提高保障房社区的居住满意度,促进社区的社会融合与发展,对地区的发展具有重要意义 相似文献
19.
广州住房与保障房的建设与评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以广州12个保障房社区的问卷抽样调查为基础,从住房建设与住房结构、保障房建设、保障性住房社区3个层面探究了城市住房与保障房的关系,对当前广州保障房社区现状进行定量分析,并从社区层面检验当前保障房建设模式下的实际效果。研究发现,总体上,20世纪90年代后广州住房质量提升明显,配套设施不断完善,但住房拥有率低,租赁住房是城市居民的重要选择;且住房市场的发展并未较好地解决居民的住房需求,保障性住房缺口较大,城市住房保障职能部分转嫁于城中村等“非正规”居住空间,住房保障体系仍有较大的提升空间。在保障房社区层面,存在部分配套设施可达性低、居民社区参与程度低等问题,但居民的满意度较高,居住意愿达到了89.2%,这表明当前大规模保障房建设具有其合理性。但当前保障房建设模式忽视了保障房社区的后续发展,已出现社区居民社会融合度低、发展机会少等问题,并可能向新的贫困集聚区演化。 相似文献
20.
Dorota Mantey 《The Professional geographer》2017,69(1):151-161
This article aims to determine how three factors—the fence, the internal public space, and the type of building—affect the sense of community, as well as the perception of social divisions that gated communities generate and the need for integration between people living in and outside gated communities. Its results are based on the survey conducted in two villages, Józefos?aw and Julianów, located in the Warsaw metropolitan region. It has been found that the existence of a physical barrier in the form of a fence affects the perception of human relationships. Research has confirmed the negative impact of fencing off on social bonds, the sense of community, and attachment to the area beyond the housing estate. The study of Józefos?aw and Julianów, however, has proved that for the residents of suburban gated communities the key factor that can increase their sense of community is access to an internal public space. The sense of community and the attachment to the area of residence are also dependent on the type of building. Inhabitants of suburban gated communities dominated by multifamily housing are definitely characterized by a weaker attachment. 相似文献