共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
中国对虾养成期细菌性黑鳃,褐斑综合症的病原生物学研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文是对中国对虾黑鳃、褐斑综合症进行病原菌分离和人工感染试验的报告。经细菌学鉴定表明,分离菌分别为海弧菌Vibrio pelagius Baumann和溶藻弧菌Vibrio alginolyticus sakazaki。人工感染试验显示,海弧菌是引起对虾黑鳃、褐斑综合症的主要病原菌,溶藻弧菌的合并感染导致对虾败血死亡。此外还应用电子显微镜对分离纯化的病原细菌进行了超微结构观察。 相似文献
2.
3.
提出1、中国对虾(Penaeus chinensis)镰刀菌病在鳃、甲壳和附肢上的症状;2、在肌肉、中肠腺等组织器官形成的病灶;3、切片的染色观察。指出镰刀菌寄生在鳃组织破坏虾的呼吸功能,是镰刀菌病引起中国对虾死亡的主要原因。 相似文献
4.
对虾鳃虱亚科(甲壳动物亚门:等足目)的分类学与动物地理学研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
基于对虾鳃虱亚科(Orbioninae)的形态学特征,作者比较了属间存在的差异,对该亚科的分类学研究进展进行了归纳。总结世界范围内对虾鳃虱亚科的地理分布特征,解析该亚科动物地理区系特征。迄今,对虾鳃虱亚科包括8属39种,分别为:异对虾鳃虱属(Anisorbione Bourdon,1981,1种);偏对虾鳃虱属(Asymmetrorbione Boyko,2003,2种);表对虾鳃虱属(Epipenaeon Nobili,1906,8种);小对虾鳃虱属(Minicopenaeon Bourdon,1981,4种);圆对虾鳃虱属(Orbione Bonnier,1900,8种);仿偏对虾鳃虱属(Parasymmetrorbione An,BoykoLi,2013,1种);拟对虾鳃虱属(Parapenaeon Richardson,1904,13种);仿拟对虾鳃虱属(Parapenaeonella Shiino,1949,2种)。在中国各大海域共发现对虾鳃虱亚科物种6属18种。对虾鳃虱亚科形态特征:头前板和底节板发达,体形较大。从形态特征推测的系统发育关系,作者认为对虾鳃虱亚科是寄生亚目寄生于鳃部中比较进化的类群、其地理分布范围受寄主对虾总科分布的限制、物种分布相对集中、主要分布范围于印度-西太平洋海域。根据该亚科主要属种的地理分布信息,作者推测该类群的演化是从环热带古地中海闭合开始,直到始新世。 相似文献
5.
1990年7～8月,舟山地区的对虾养殖场暴发了流行性对虾黑鳃褐斑综合症,造成对虾大量死亡。作者根据这一病情,对病虾的主要器官组织进行了电镜观察。结果发现,病虾鳃丝细胞中有支原体感染。寄生部位为鳃呼吸上皮细胞的细胞质和核周腔。支原体多形态,呈近圆形、细长条形不等,无细胞壁,仅有单一膜包围,中心为一电子密度较低的区域。 相似文献
6.
关于对虾的“黑鳃病” 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对虾“黑鳃病”的名称，最早是1968年日本石川雄介在养殖日本对虾(Penaeus japonieus)的病虾上发现了镰刀菌，因病虾鳃丝变黑而命名的。以后江草周三等人又以此名称陆续发表了许多研究报告。Johnsoll(1974)和Lightrier(1975)等报告了得克萨斯州的桃红对虾(P．duorarum)、褐对虾(P．aztecus)、加州对虾(P．californiensis)、中美白对虾(P．occidentalis)和蓝对虾(P．stylirostris)等因水中含有重金属离子使虾鳃变黑的病例，他们也用“黑鳃病”这个名称。我国近几年来有些养虾地区也说有黑鳃病发生。作者根据三年来对我国的东方对虾(P．orientalis)、长毛对虾)P．penicillatus)和墨吉对虾(P．merguiensis)等疾病的调查，参考国外的报道对这问题进行综述，并对“黑鳃病”名称提出自己不同的看法。 相似文献
7.
广东沿海养殖对虾疾病流行特点及病因 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
广东目前人工养殖的对虾有班节对虾（Ｐｅｎａｅｕｓｍｏｎｏｄｏｎ）、中国对虾（Ｐ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）、长毛对虾（Ｐ．ｐｅｎｉｃｉｌｌａ－ｔｕｓ）、墨吉对虾（Ｐ．ｍｅｒｇｕｉｅｎｓｉｓ）、日本对虾（Ｐ．ｊａｐｏｎｉｓｕｓ）、刀额新对虾（Ｍｅｔａｐｅｎａｅｕｓ ｅｎｓｉｓ）和近缘新对虾（Ｍ．ａｆｆｉｎｉｓ）等，是我国南方养殖对虾的重要产区之一。近几年养殖对虾疾病呈加重趋势，已造成巨大的经济损失。本文探讨近两年广东沿海养殖对虾疾病的流行特点及病因。１概况以斑节对虾为主，多品种、多造次交替养殖，即以养殖… 相似文献
8.
9.
辽宁沿海中国对虾常见病多发病病原菌及防治 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
现将辽宁省沿海地区中国对虾常见病、多发病病原菌及其防治技术的研究结果简报如下。１丹东地区１·１常见病、多发病以黄鳃病为主，有时也出现红腿病、黑鳃病、烂鳃病等。该区养虾的水质良好，对虾人工养殖也有一定基础，但在１９８７～１９８８年，东沟县１０００００亩虾池发病面积达８５％以上，减产率占７０％左右，对虾的绝产面积达７０００多亩。ｌ．２病原菌黄鳃病的病原菌（９１Ｉ０，９１Ａ０，Ｐ０－１）都为端生单鞭毛弧菌，经细菌学鉴定后．定名为鳗弧菌（Ｖｉｂｒｏａｎｇｕｉｌｌａｒｕｍ）（图１），经电镜观察，认为对虾黄… 相似文献
10.
1989年辽宁瓦房店横山乡水产养殖公司在人工越冬中国对虾亲虾的眼球内和鳃区发现有大量的线虫存在,其中眼球线虫感染率约达30％,鳃区线虫感染率高达90％。 经调查,亲虾被线虫感染原因与当地沉淀池放养对虾有直接关系。据有关资料报道,线虫是鱼类的常见寄生虫病,越冬期间所用水是沉淀池水,镜检发现沉淀池底线虫很多。证实线虫是由沉淀池水带入越冬亲虾培育池水中,然后再进入亲虾体内。 当线虫感染鳃区后,它要从虾体内吸取营养,再加上线虫排泄物在鳃区的逐渐堆积,使虾呼吸能力减弱, 相似文献
11.
Intertidal blue mussels, Mytilus edulis, experience hypoxia reoxygenation during tidal emersion and resubmersion cycles, and this is often suggested to represent a major stress for the animals, especially for their respiratory tissues, the gills. We exposed mussels to experimental short and prolonged anoxia and subsequent reoxygenation and analyzed the respiratory response in excised gill tissue and the effects of treatment on reactive oxygen species (mainly ROS: superoxide anion, O2·− and hydrogen peroxide, H2O2), formation using live imaging techniques and confocal microscopy. Our aim was to understand if this “natural stress” would indeed produce oxidative damage and whether antioxidant defenses are induced under anoxia, to prevent oxidative damage during reoxygenation. Exposure to declining pO2 in the respiration chamber caused an increase of gill metabolic rate between 21 and 10 kPa, a pO2 range in which whole animal respiration is reported to be oxyregulating. Exposure of the animals to severe anoxia caused an onset of anaerobiosis (succinate accumulation) and shifted high and low critical pc values (pc1: onset of oxyregulation in gills, pc2: switch from oxyregulation to oxyconformity) to higher pO2. Concentrations of both ROS decreased strongly during anoxic exposure of the mussels and increased upon reoxygenation. This ROS burst induced lipid peroxidation in the mantle, but neither were protein carbonyl levels increased (oxidative damage in the protein fraction), nor did the tissue glutathione concentration change in the gills. Further, analysis of apoptosis markers indicated no induction of cell death in the gills. To our knowledge, this is the first paper that directly measures ROS formation during anoxia reoxygenation in mussels. We conclude that hypoxia tolerant intertidal mussels do not suffer major oxidative stress in gill and mantle tissues under these experimental conditions. 相似文献
12.
Maintenance of the glutathione (GSH) pathway is critical in guarding against the toxic effects of a variety of pollutants. However, despite their importance as an initial line of defense against waterborne toxicants, little is known regarding the role of fish gills in GSH-mediated xenobiotic metabolism. In these studies, the role of channel catfish gills in the detoxification of 2,4,5,6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile (chlorothalonil), an electrophilic fungicide, was examined. Chlorothalonil was metabolized in vitro by gill cytosolic and microsomal glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Chlorothalonil metabolism by cytosolic fructions was reduced markedly when GSH was omitted from reaction mixtures. Microsomal metabolism of chlorothalonil did not occur in the absence of GSH and in the presence of an NADPH-regenerating system lacking GSH. Channel catfish exposed in vivo to chlorothalonil had increased gill GSH and cysteine concentrations after 72 h exposure, and increased gill gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) activity at 144 h of exposure. Our results show that the gills play an important role in the metabolism and detoxification of chlorothalonil in the channel catfish. Catfish can maintain elevated gill GSH concentrations in the presence of chlorothalonil by increasing gill cysteine concentrations. 相似文献
13.
14.
在实验生态条件下研究了重金属离子(Cu2 、Pb2 、Hg2 、Cd2 )对日本鳃丝和肝胰脏显微结构(15d)的影响。观察结果表明:在2 mg/L Cu2 处理组,日本鳃叶不规则增厚,鳃腔相对扩大,其中血细胞明显增多;上皮层出现破坏:角质膜(CU)呈波状拱起,部分上皮细胞脱离角质膜形成大的空泡(VA);上皮细胞排列不规则,并与数目众多的血细胞充挤于血腔;肝胰脏中构成肝管的细胞发生严重崩解,只残留包被在外周的一层结缔组织的被膜。10mg/L Pb2 处理组鳃丝角质膜明显呈波状突起;肝管结构紊乱,开始出现大量空泡(VA)。0.1 mg/L Hg2 暴露下,鳃丝上皮层偶有溶解现象;肝胰脏肝细胞空泡化(VA)现象更为严重,细胞间界限不明显,肝细胞溶解,有些细胞核固缩;被膜中的结缔组织充血,出现血细胞浸润现象。1 mg/L Cd2 暴露下,鳃丝上皮层严重解体,只剩一层角质层,鳃腔相对扩大,部分区域有充血现象;肝胰脏出现细胞质溶解,细胞间界限不明显,血细胞浸润等现象。 相似文献
15.
C. R. Fisher J. M. Brooks J. S. Vodenichar J. M. Zande J. J. Childress R. A. Burke Jr. 《Marine Ecology》1993,14(4):277-289
Abstract. In April 1990 a new species of mytilid containing bacterial endosymbionts was discovered at a deep-water seep site within Alaminos Canyon in the Gulf of Mexico. Activities of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and ATP sulfurylase, as well as the presence of substantial levels of elemental sulfur in the gill tissues indicate the presence of chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing symbionts in the gills. Methanol dehydrogenase activity and the tissue stable carbon isotope ratios indicate the presence of methanotrophic bacteria in the gills of the same animals. Two distinct size classes and morphological types of gram negative bacteria are visible in transmission electron micrographs of the gill tissue, one of which contains the complex internal membranes typical of methanotrophs. Both general types of symbionts have been demonstrated singly in related species of deep-sea mytilids. In this species, however, both types are found in single individuals, often within the same cell vacuole. 相似文献
16.
Abstract. The excited rate of oxygen consumption, and the wet weights of the digestive gland and the gills were studied in relation to overall size. One experiment was made in Roscoff, France, one in Portaferry, N. Ireland, and three in Wicklow, Ireland. Higher levels of oxygen consumption were found in Roscoff together with greater gill weight. Seasonal changes in the level of oxygen consumption in Wicklow may be influenced by the dry wt/wet wt ratio of the gills - probably an index of condition for the crabs as a whole. The power functions for allometric growth were virtually constant for each factor in all five experiments. All levels of factors were reduced in males weighing more than 60 g. Disproportions in the weights of the chelae marked the populations in Roscoff and Portaferry, compared with Wicklow. These suggest a genetic basis for the geographical differences in oxygen consumption and gill weight. The importance of local experiments for local conditions and the possibilities for predicting physiological rates from morphology are discussed. 相似文献
17.
鲈鱼的鳃寄生车轮虫病及扫描电镜观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
报道鲈鱼的鳃寄生车轮虫病及病理组织的扫描电镜观察。病原鉴定为 :直钩车轮虫、杜氏车轮虫、日本车轮虫、劳牧小车轮虫及简单两分虫 5种车轮虫科纤毛虫 ,其中数量上占优势的为直钩车轮虫。扫描电镜观察结果表明 ,鳃寄生车轮虫可对宿主的上皮组织产生明显的机械性损伤并造成鳃丝粘液分泌增多及炎症反应。文中就海水养殖鱼类及野生鱼类由车轮虫寄生造成的危害及防治途径做了探讨。 相似文献
18.
The effects of 7 days’ exposure to differing Triclosan (TCS) concentrations (300, 600, and 900 ng/L) were investigated in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum. Vitellogenin (Vg)-like protein levels in haemolymph and digestive gland from males and females, gill acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in gills and digestive gland, and gill lipid peroxidation (LPO) were measured. The highest TCS concentrations decreased significantly Vg levels in male haemolymph and digestive gland, whereas no significant variations were found in females. The highest TCS concentrations increased significantly SOD activity in gills, but decreased it in digestive gland. No changes in CAT activity were observed. In gills, TCS reduced significantly AChE activity, but it did not induce significant variations in LPO. Our study demonstrates that TCS alters biochemical parameters in R. philippinarum, even at environmentally realistic concentrations, and suggests differing modes of action of the contaminant, in clams at least. 相似文献
19.
为了解DOM与AgNPs的相互作用及其对AgNPs毒性的影响,本文以菲律宾蛤仔为受试生物、以水环境广泛存在腐殖酸(Humic acid,HA)为代表性有机质。通过贝类体内抗氧化系统的生物标志物(过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、金属硫蛋白(Metallothionein,MT)和丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA))的响应,研究了HA对AgNPs生物效应的影响。结果表明,HA显著增加了AgNPs的稳定性,抑制了AgNPs的聚集。AgNPs(20μg·L-1)暴露3 d后,蛤仔鳃组织中Ag的蓄积显著上升,并随着时间的延长不断升高。AgNPs暴露第3、7天,不同浓度的HA条件下,鳃组织中Ag的蓄积无显著差异,但显著地低于无HA存在的AgNPs暴露组。CAT活性和MDA含量仅在无HA存在的AgNPs暴露组出现显著升高,其余各组之间无显著差异。表征DNA损伤程度的Olive尾矩(OTM)和尾长(TL)在无HA存在的AgNPs暴露组中随时间的延长不断上升。HA显著降低了AgNPs的对鳃组织细胞的遗传毒性。结果表明,HA通过增加AgNPs在介质中的稳定性而显著地抑制了鳃组织对Ag的蓄积,从而减弱了AgNPs对鳃组织的氧化胁迫和遗传毒性。结果证明了有机质含量等环境理化条件对纳米毒性存在显著影响。 相似文献
20.
The anatomy, fine structure, diffusion distances and respiratory surface areas of the gills of two species of the polychaete family Alvinellidae have been investigated. Each gill consists of a stem on which are inserted two opposite rows of respiratory elements: flat sickle-shaped lamellae in Alvinella pompejana and cylindrical filaments in Paralvinella grasslei. Both lamellae and filaments have a ciliated mucous epidermis, a central layer of supporting and muscle cells and are devoid of coelomic cavity. Each respiratory element possesses one afferent and one efferent marginal vessel, united to each other distally, and connected proximally to separate longitudinal vessels running in the stem. Superficial parallel blood spaces connect the marginal vessels across the lamella or filament. Deeper, between the basal laminae of the epidermis and that of the central cell layer, a blood sinus is also present. The marginal vessels and the superficial blood spaces actually are intraepidermal extensions of this deep blood sinus. The diffusion distances are very small owing to the intraepidermal position of the respiratory blood spaces. The specific gill surface areas in A. pompejana and P. grasslei are the largest known today in polychaetes, respectively 12 and 47 cm2 per g wet weight. The distinctive features of the gills are possibly related to a low oxygen content of the ambient seawater. Numerous crystalline granules scattered in the gill epidermis suggest that this epithelium has a detoxifying function. 相似文献