共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 421 毫秒
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植被覆盖区卫星高光谱遥感岩性分类 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
植被高覆盖区岩石和土壤在遥感图像上表现为弱信息、小目标,如何利用卫星高光谱遥感提取岩性弱信息是目前遥感地质应用中的最大挑战之一。以黑龙江呼玛地区为例,选择美国EO-1卫星Hyperion高光谱数据。由于植被与下伏岩石-土壤的光谱混合,分别计算研究区含土壤因子和不含土壤因子的植被指数,并对两类不同的植被指数进行主成分分析,以此分离植被和岩石-土壤组分。在含土壤因子植被指数主成分分析的二维组分散点图上,明显区分出背景植被与异常岩石-土壤组分,证实了植被与岩石-土壤组分经主成分分析分离的效果。同时在不添加土壤因子植被指数的分析中,明显区分出植被覆盖信息。通过对实验区典型岩石进行野外光谱测试,然后对光谱进行连续统去除处理,将其作为参考光谱,与分离后的岩石-土壤光谱进行光谱特征拟合（SFF）,从而成功地识别出研究区内不同岩石类型,特别是玄武岩、流纹岩、砂砾岩、安山质凝灰岩、大理岩和石英片岩识别效果较好。根据研究区内不同岩石地层单元内岩石组合特征,通过分离后的组分合成图像,成功地实现了岩性分类。与已知地质图叠加,证实通过卫星高光谱数据提取的不同岩石类型颜色边界与地质图岩性界线吻合较好。结果表明：通过植被与岩石-土壤光谱组分分离,结合高光谱遥感的光谱特征拟合,能够识别不同的岩石类型,实现植被覆盖区岩性分类。 相似文献
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岩石和矿物的反射光谱特征及其应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文从岩石和矿物成分、粒度、颜色和表面状态探讨它们与反射光谱特征的关系，并研究了某些铜铁矿床的围岩、蚀变岩和矿石的反射光谱特征。对反射光谱数据和物理化学参数进行数理统计分析后，提出区分岩石和矿石较好的工作波段。 相似文献
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为建立一个较严密、系统的常见变质岩石的岩相学分类,采用既反映岩石结构构造特征又蕴含岩石基本组成的变质岩组构组分作为岩石分类的一级分类指标,以岩石结构、构造和组构组分的成分依次作为二、三和四级指标,划分了归属于造山区域变质岩、接触热变质岩、断层动力变质岩、蚀变交代变质岩和混合岩这5个大类变质成因的基本岩石.如岩石的地质产状已知,可用对应于地质产状的成因类型变质岩替换组构组分,升级为一级分类指标,然后用同样程序进行划分.本分类方案中,造山区域变质岩与接触热变质岩因具有相同组构组分,因此,大部分基本岩石名称相同,但可借助其地质产状和一些特征变质矿物的特殊显微构造的有无将它们区分开来.本分类方案的分类效果优于国内外现有的岩相学分类方案. 相似文献
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渤海海域中生界火山岩岩石类型复杂多样,且同一岩性受岩石成分、结构差异的影响,因此岩石物理响应特征存在较大差异,为岩性识别增加了难度。本文通过对研究区大量取心资料、壁心资料以及薄片资料的岩电分析,优选出对岩性响应敏感的自然伽马(GR)、补偿中子(CNL)、密度(DEN)、声波时差(AC)以及原状地层电阻率(Rd)等5条曲线。基于主成分分析法,构建了F_1—F_5共5个综合变量,其中F_1和F_2方差贡献率占总贡献率的81.4%,可作为两个主成分有效地反映5个变量的信息。针对主成分信息,利用Bayes判别法,构建了不同岩性的定量解释模型,对研究区9种火山岩进行了岩性识别。对取心井段的回判结果显示,基于主成分分析与Bayes判别的联合识别方法较常规交会图法在岩石成分及结构的识别精度方面均有较大程度的提高。该方法的提出对研究区成像测井、元素测井资料缺少井段的火山岩岩性识别具有重要借鉴作用。 相似文献
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《水文地质工程地质》2016,(1)
文章以头寨滑坡为对象,分析滑坡岩土体的矿物组成和组构等特征,研究表明造成滑体玄武岩岩体性质劣化的风化过程是一种物理-化学耦合的水-岩(土)相互作用过程,在多尺度(微观、细观、宏观)岩(土)体的"石夹土"结构中得到体现,水岩作用产物主要有绿泥石、伊利石和蒙脱石等黏土矿物。采集滑坡体剪出口处的地下水样测试水化学组成,选取前四个主因子P_1、P_2、P_3和P_4(分别占总方差的39.9%,21.9%,16.7%和13.5%)分析地下水的水化学特征。主因子P_1主要反映玄武岩原生矿物的溶蚀作用对地下水化学成分的控制作用,主因子P_2反映岩(土)体孔隙中有柱状硫酸钙矿物的结晶析出,主因子P_3反映岩(土)体同地下水之间存在阳离子交换,主因子P_4反映岩(土)体水岩作用产物——Si O2矿物在地下水中溶解性与水溶液中CO_2含量的关系。地下水主成分分析的结果能反映出滑坡地下水与岩土体的相互作用的主要过程。 相似文献
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不同岩石矿物和矿化蚀变具有不同的光谱特征, 这是利用遥感技术进行岩石矿物和蚀变信息识别的基础。本研究在谢米斯台地区进行岩矿样品采集, 利用ASD野外光谱辐射仪采集光谱反射率数据, 通过去噪处理、标准化处理、微分处理和去包络线处理, 开展了典型岩矿样品、风化面与新鲜面样品和不同矿化蚀变的光谱特征提取和光谱分析。研究发现, 岩矿在380~1 100 nm波段的光谱特征, 主要是金属离子产生;在1 100~2 500 nm波段的光谱特征, 主要是阴离子基团中的羟基、碳酸根和水分子产生;矿化蚀变光谱具有可诊断性特征谱带, 是其矿物组成中的各种蚀变矿物特征信息的反映;受到矿物含量改变和外界环境因素的影响, 光谱的整体形态或局部特征都发生变化。岩矿光谱特征的提取和分析, 将提高和改善高光谱技术对不同区域同种类型的矿床勘查。 相似文献
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岩石光谱特征是岩性识别的物理基础。选取常见的10种岩石类型15种岩石样品的光谱数据,对其进行均值、重采样、平滑、水汽吸收波段拟值等预处理,以消除岩石光谱噪声,然后通过包络线消除法,获得了岩石光谱特征参数,发现云母板岩（风化面）吸收特征最为明显;对包络线消除处理后的光谱数据进行对应分析,提取出R型主因子载荷,得到第一主因子轴代表主要的阳离子、阴离子诊断波段和水分子吸收波段,第二主因子轴代表少数阳离子的特征波段,获得与岩石相关的特征波段为385~525 nm、735~1 365 nm、1 435~1 785 nm、1 890~1 952 nm、1 995~2 310 nm,并找出了主要吸收波段的物理含义。通过对应分析二维图像,将岩石光谱分为4类,从第一类到第四类吸收深度逐渐变浅,吸收面积呈递减趋势,吸收宽度逐渐变窄,吸收峰逐渐增多,Fe2+和Fe3+吸收峰增多,铁化、泥化蚀变现象更明显。用聚类分析法对分类结果进行验证发现,分类结果有较好的对应性。从而为岩石和成像光谱图像数据精细分类提供参考依据,实现了对岩石高光谱海量数据的有效提取,进而为遥感矿产预测和找矿提供依据。 相似文献
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Arindam Guha Debashish Chakraborty A. B. Ekka Kaushik Pramanik K. Vinod Kumar S. Chatterjee S. Subramanium D. Ananth Rao 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2012,79(4):335-344
Recent developments in sensor technology have given an onset for studying the earth surface features based on the detailed spectroscopic observation of different rocks and minerals. The spectroscopic profiles of the rocks are always quite different than their constituent minerals however, the spectral profile of a rock can be broadly reconstituted from the spectral profile of each constituent minerals. Interpretation of rock spectra using the spectra of constituent minerals based on relative spectral matching can bring out interesting information on the rock. Present study is an effort toward this and it highlights how visible-near infrared-shortwave-infrared (VNIR-SWIR) rock spectroscopy acts as an useful tool for understanding the rock-mineralogy in indirect and rapid way. It has also been observed that spectral signatures of rocks; studied in present case, are related to spectral signatures of constituent minerals although absorption features of constituent mineral in the rock are also modified by the other minerals juxtaposed in the rock fabric. However, each rock of the study area has their significant absorption features, but many of the absorption signatures are closely spaced, as altered rock has significant absorption at 2305 nm whereas amphibolite has its important absorption signature in 2385 nm and metabasalt has its significant absorption at 2342 nm. Therefore spectral measurement of high spectral resolution with appreciable signal to noise ratio (SNR) only can detect rocks from each other based on the absorption signatures mentioned above (each of which is 10 to 20 nm apart from the other) and therefore spectroscopy of rock is an innovative technique to map rocks and minerals based on the spectral signatures. 相似文献
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Ashraf Emam Zakaria Hamimi Abdelhamid El-Fakharani Ezzat Abdel-Rahman Juan Gomez Barreiro Mohammed Y. Abo-Soliman 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(23):756
Lithological discrimination of Neoproterozoic rocks occupying Nugrus-Hafafit area, South Eastern Desert of Egypt, has been carried out using Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) sensors’ imagery data. The applicable processing enhancement techniques include optimum index factor (OIF), band ratioing, principal component analysis (PCA), and minimum noise fraction (MNF) transform. The area comprises varieties of low-grade metamorphosed ophiolitic mélange and island-arc rocks, thrusting over high-grade metamorphic gneissic core complexes, and intruded by syn-, late-, and post-tectonic granitoids. The OLI band ratio 6/7 discriminates clearly the ophiolitic serpentinites-talc-carbonate rocks, while 4/5 ratio image is able to separate between mafic and felsic rocks. Moreover, the ASTER band ratio 6/8 is used to distinguish the amphibole-bearing rocks, including amphibolite and hornblende gneiss. The OLI and ASTER second principal component (PC2) images reflect the contrast spectral behavior of ophiolitic mélange rocks through visible-near-infrared (VNIR) and shortwave (SWIR) regions. The OLI-PC3 shows the ability to delineate the Fe-rich rocks, including amphibolite and metamafics, while ASTER-PC3 is effective for quartz-feldspathic granites and psammitic gneisses. Visual interpretation and integration of processed data with petrography and field investigation resulted in complete differentiation for the different lithologies and creation of a new detailed geological map of Nugrus-Hafafit area. 相似文献
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基于ASTER数据、Landsat 8数据及WorldView-2数据,采用波段组合法、最小噪声分离法、主成分分析法以及波段比值法,结合岩石光谱曲线,综合提取了新疆北山地区侵入岩的岩性特征。对WorldView-2进行主成分分析和最小噪声分离,并将R(PCA2)G(PCA1)B(PCA4)、R(MNF2)G(MNF1)B(PCA1)、OLI数据R(B7)G(B6)B(B5)进行假彩色合成,利用OLI数据中的B5/B2、B2/B1突出花岗岩。这些方法解决了复杂岩性的影像色调差异较小、细节不清晰等问题,降低了岩性划分及解译的难度,使各种岩性界线更加明晰。结合前人的区域地质调查成果,对研究区侵入岩岩性进行了系统解译及分析。多源遥感数据的综合利用,有助于更有效地识别复杂岩性并进行更详细的岩性分类,提高遥感岩性识别的正确率。 相似文献
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基于ASTER的雅鲁藏布江缝合带泽当-罗布莎蛇绿岩套分析和组分识别 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文通过对西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带泽当-罗布莎地区蛇绿岩套的主要岩石组成和蚀变矿物的标准波谱吸收特征分析,比较了标准光谱库的相应岩性光谱吸收特征和ASTER数据波段特征之间的关系,采用连续统去除、比值法和光谱角制图法对ASTER影像数据进行处理及相关岩性和矿物提取。结果表明,蛇绿岩组分岩性中亚铁离子和Fe-OH,Mg-OH的可见-短波红外吸收特征显著,而且有一个宽波长范围的Si-O热红外光谱特征,基于这些光谱特征采用ASTER数据和比值法与光谱角制图法可有效地识别蛇绿岩的主要岩性和相关矿物成分及其空间分布,结果与地质资料基本吻合。 相似文献
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Statistical empirical index of chemical weathering in igneous rocks: A new tool for evaluating the degree of weathering 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Chemical weathering indices are useful tools in characterizing weathering profiles and determining the extent of weathering. However, the predictive performance of the conventional indices is critically dependent on the composition of the unweathered parent rock. To overcome this limitation, the present paper introduces an alternative statistical empirical index of chemical weathering that is extracted by the principal component analysis (PCA) of a large dataset derived from unweathered igneous rocks and their weathering profiles. The PCA analysis yields two principal components (PC1 and PC2), which capture 39.23% and 35.17% of total variability, respectively. The extent of weathering is reflected by variation along PC1, primarily due to the loss of Na2O and CaO during weathering. In contrast, PC2 is the direction along which the projections of unweathered felsic, intermediate and mafic igneous rocks appear to be best discriminated; therefore, PC1 and PC2 represent independent latent variables that correspond to the extent of weathering and the chemistry of the unweathered parent rock. Subsequently, PC1 and PC2 were then mapped onto a ternary diagram (MFW diagram). The M and F vertices characterize mafic and felsic rock source, respectively, while the W vertex identifies the degree of weathering of these sources, independent of the chemistry of the unweathered parent rock.
The W index has a number of significant properties that are not found in conventional weathering indices. First, the W index is sensitive to chemical changes that occur during weathering because it is based on eight major oxides, whereas most conventional indices are defined by between two and four oxides. Second, the W index provides robust results even for highly weathered sesquioxide-rich samples. Third, the W index is applicable to a wide range of felsic, intermediate and mafic igneous rock types. Finally, the MFW diagram is expected to facilitate provenance analysis of sedimentary rocks by identifying their weathering trends and thereby enabling a backward estimate of the composition of the unweathered source rock. 相似文献
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Jianhong Xue Cindy LeeStuart G. Wakeham Robert A. Armstrong 《Organic Geochemistry》2011,42(4):356-367
Principal components analysis (PCA) is a multivariate data analysis tool that can be used to recombine the variables of a large multivariate dataset in such a way that the first few variables of the reconstructed dataset account for the majority of the variance in the data. Application of PCA in marine geochemistry has become quite common in recent years. In this study, we illustrate the use of PCA through examples that arose while investigating the geochemistry of sinking particles during the MedFlux project. The examples presented do not simply repeat the analyses of the original study, but instead extend them in the context of simultaneous application of PCA and cluster analysis. Our results show that constructing a one dimensional (1D) “degradation index” using only the first principal component (PC) is in most cases oversimplified, and that constructing 2D or 3D “degradation trajectories” with the first 2 or 3 PCs is more informative. Use of the first three PCs is indicated when the variance explained by the third PC is comparable in magnitude to that explained by the second PC in the reconstructed dataset. We also discuss the use of scree plots and cluster analysis in helping decide whether the third PC is needed to capture the essential information in the dataset. 相似文献
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遥感技术广泛应用于地质基础调查、矿产资源勘探、环境评估和地质灾害调查等方面。它已从多光谱发展到高光谱阶段,Landsat- 8是目前最具有代表性和最常用的多光谱数据,ASTER具有高的分辨率和多波段特征,资源一号02D(ZY1- 02D)卫星是我国2019年发射的高光谱业务卫星。为了更好地了解多源遥感数据在岩矿识别中的作用,在新疆东天山卡拉麦里地区进行了相关研究。结果表明：Landsat- 8 OLI的PCA变换结果清晰识别了研究区不同的岩性和地层;使用Landsat- 8 OLI、ASTER和ZY1- 02D高光谱数据,分别采取不同的图像端元提取方法,在进行光谱分析的基础上,利用光谱角填图（SAM）即可得到研究区的主要矿物分类图件。通过野外验证,应用GIS技术进行集成和分析,修正相关图件后,便得到了精准的矿物分类综合图。研究表明：多源遥感数据的集成在岩矿识别方面效果良好、前景巨大。 相似文献
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岩体质量等级分类在实际的工程中有着很重要的作用。基于主成分分析（PCA）法和与Fisher判别分析法相结合建立岩体质量等级判别模型,选取单轴抗压强度、岩体体积节理数、声波纵波速度、节理面风化变异系数、节理面粗糙度系数和透水性系数6种指标作为岩体质量分级判别的判别因子。以永平铜矿露天矿区工程岩体特征资料中的20个样本为训练样本,10个为待判样本,对该模型进行检验和应用,并与传统的RMR法、Fisher判别分析模型的结果进行比较,相应正确率分别为87%、70%、77%,判断结果表明利用主成分分析法和Fisher判别分析法建立的模型判别能力更高。 相似文献