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1.
Interpretation and 2‐D forward modelling of aeromagnetic datasets from the Olary Domain to the north of the outcropping Kalabity Inlier, South Australia, is consistent with a buried structural architecture characterised by isolated anticlines (also referred to as growth anticlines) bounded by steeply dipping reverse faults. The isolated anticlines are interpreted to have formed by half‐graben inversion during crustal shortening associated with the ca 1600–1580 Ma Olarian Orogeny. We interpret the bounding reverse faults as reactivated high‐angle normal faults, originating from a listric extensional fault architecture. As shortening increased, ‘break‐back bypass’ and ‘short‐cut‘ thrusts developed because of buttressing of the hangingwall successions against the footwall. The resulting architecture resembles a combination of a thrust‐related imbricate fan and an accumulation of inverted basins. Using this structural architecture, synrift sediments proximal to interpreted normal faults were identified as prospective for sediment‐hosted massive sulfide Pb–Zn–Ag mineralisation. 相似文献
2.
Miocene Tectonic Evolution from Dextral-Slip Thrusting to Extension in the Nyainqentanglha Region of the Tibetan Plateau 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4 
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下载免费PDF全文 WU Zhenhan Patrick J. BAROSH ZHAO Xun WU Zhonghai HU Daogong LIU Qisheng 《《地质学报》英文版》2007,81(3):365-384
Dextral-slip in the Nyainqentangiha region of Tibet resulted in oblique underthrusting and granite generation in the Early to Middle Miocene, but by the end of the epoch uplift and extensional faulting dominated. The east-west dextral-slip Gangdise fault system merges eastward into the northeast-trending, southeast-dipping Nyainqentangiha thrust system that swings eastward farther north into the dextral-slip North Damxung shear zone and Jiali faults. These faults were took shape by the Early Miocene, and the large Nyainqentangiha granitic batholith formed along the thrust system in 18.3-11.0 Ma as the western block drove under the eastern one. The dextral-slip movement ended at -11 Ma and the batholith rose, as marked by gravitational shearing at 8.6-8.3 Ma, and a new fault system developed. Northwest-trending dextral-slip faults formed to the northwest of the raisen batholith, whereas the northeast-trending South Damxung thrust faults with some sinistral-slip formed to the southeast. The latter are replaced farther to the east by the west-northwest-trending Lhunzhub thrust faults with dextral-slip. This relatively local uplift that left adjacent Eocene and Miocene deposits preserved was followed by a regional uplift and the initiation of a system of generally north-south grabens in the Late Miocene at -6.5 Ma. The regional uplift of the southern Tibetan Plateau thus appears to have occurred between 8.3 Ma and 6.5 Ma. The Gulu, Damxung-Yangbajain and Angan graben systems that pass east of the Nyainqentangiha Mountains are locally controlled by the earlier northeast-trending faults. These grabens dominate the subsequent tectonic movement and are still very active as northwest-trending dextral-slip faults northwest of the mountains. The Miocene is a time of great tectonic change that ushered in the modern tectonic regime. 相似文献
3.
伸展构造及其反转作用 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
伸展构造的演化主要发生在三个阶段：大陆裂谷阶段、大陆初始漂移和主要漂移阶段。伸展构造发育在不同构造层次：（１）在上地壳中，伸展构造呈现为位于拆离带之上脆性岩块的伸展，其周边为铲式断层、坡坪式断层或多米诺式断层所限；（２）在中地壳中，伸展构造呈现为变质透镜体，被不连续的韧性剪切带所分隔；（３）在下地壳中，伸展构造呈现为扩展变平的韧性流动和岩浆侵位。反转的伸展断层系常表现为冲断层、断弯背斜、生长断展褶皱、顶部塌陷地堑区的突隆构造和半地堑区的鱼叉构造等。 相似文献
4.
Jos Miguel Martínez-Martínez Guillermo Booth-Rea Jos Miguel Azan Federico Torcal 《Tectonophysics》2006,422(1-4):159-173
Pliocene and Quaternary tectonic structures mainly consisting of segmented northwest–southeast normal faults, and associated seismicity in the central Betics do not agree with the transpressive tectonic nature of the Africa–Eurasia plate boundary in the Ibero-Maghrebian region. Active extensional deformation here is heterogeneous, individual segmented normal faults being linked by relay ramps and transfer faults, including oblique-slip and both dextral and sinistral strike-slip faults. Normal faults extend the hanging wall of an extensional detachment that is the active segment of a complex system of successive WSW-directed extensional detachments which have thinned the Betic upper crust since middle Miocene. Two areas, which are connected by an active 40-km long dextral strike-slip transfer fault zone, concentrate present-day extension. Both the seismicity distribution and focal mechanisms agree with the position and regime of the observed faults. The activity of the transfer zone during middle Miocene to present implies a mode of extension which must have remained substantially the same over the entire period. Thus, the mechanisms driving extension should still be operating. Both the westward migration of the extensional loci and the high asymmetry of the extensional systems can be related to edge delamination below the south Iberian margin coupled with roll-back under the Alborán Sea; involving the asymmetric westward inflow of asthenospheric material under the margins. 相似文献
5.
青藏高原东西向伸展及其地质意义 总被引：30，自引：4，他引：30
东西和南北向伸展是青藏高原最显著的地质特征之一。南北向伸展形成的东西走向伸展构造,主要包括藏南拆离系(STDS),和沿喀喇昆仑—嘉黎断裂带(KJFZ)发育的正断层体系。东西向伸展形成数目众多的南北走向伸展构造,它们切割青藏高原几乎所有的东西走向构造单元,包括羌塘地块、KJFZ和STDS等,说明东西向伸展以整体形式发生并同时波及整个青藏高原,而不是由以KJFZ和STDS为边界的不同地块的不均匀挤出所致。南北走向伸展构造在地表呈之字形,为南北向挤压形成的追踪张断裂;剖面上表现为被后期高角度正断层叠加的拆离断层,拆离断层形成于中-晚中新世而高角度正断层形成于上新世及以后。导致拆离断层的东西向伸展可能是南北向挤压的变形分解,后期高角度正断层作用可能是高原隆升后的垮塌所致。东西向伸展是控制青藏高原新生代浅色花岗岩和盆地形成的主要因素。 相似文献
6.
Miocene Tectonic Evolution from Dextral-Slip Thrusting to Extension in the Nyainqêntanglha Region of the Tibetan Plateau 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Dextral-slip in the Nyainqêntanglha region of Tibet resulted in oblique underthrusting and granite generation in the Early to Middle Miocene, but by the end of the epoch uplift and extensional faulting dominated. The east-west dextral-slip Gangdise fault system merges eastward into the north into the dextral-slip North Damxung shear zone and Jiali faults. These faults were took shape system in 18.3-11.0 Ma as the western block drove under the eastern one. The dextral-slip movement ended at ～11 Ma and the batholith rose, as marked by gravitational shearing at 8.6-8.3 Ma, and a new fault system developed. Northwest-trending dextral-slip faults formed to the northwest of the raisen batholith, whereas the northeast-trending South Damxung thrust faults with some sinistral-slip formed to the southeast. The latter are replaced farther to the east by the west-northwest-trending Miocene deposits preserved was followed by a regional uplift and the initiation of a system of generally north-south grabens in the Late Miocene at ～6.5 Ma. The regional uplift of the southern Tibetan Plateau thus appears to have occurred between 8.3 Ma and 6.5 Ma. The Gulu, Damxungcontrolled by the earlier northeast-trending faults. These grabens dominate the subsequent tectonic movement and are still very active as northwest-trending dextral-slip faults northwest of the mountains. The Miocene is a time of great tectonic change that ushered in the modern tectonic regime. 相似文献
7.
西南三江构造体系突出表现为以昌都-兰坪-思茅地块为中轴的不对称走滑对冲构造,次为与走滑断裂相伴的伸展滑脱、走滑拉分盆地构造体系,再次为块体内部的近北东、北西向走滑断裂系.西南三江造山带构造体系演化分为挤压收缩变形、走滑深熔热隆、走滑剪切伸展、走滑剥蚀隆升等4个阶段.自晚白垩世开始,印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞,西南三江造山带... 相似文献
8.
Ayten Koç Nuretdin Kaymakci Douwe J. J. van Hinsbergen Reinoud L. M. Vissers 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2016,105(1):369-398
The pre-Neogene Tauride fold-and-thrust belt, comprising Cretaceous ophiolites and metamorphic rocks and non-metamorphic carbonate thrust slices in southern Turkey, is flanked and overlain by Neogene sedimentary basins. These include poorly studied intra-montane basins including the Yalvaç Basin. In this paper, we study the stratigraphy, sedimentology and structure of the Yalvaç Basin, which has a Middle Miocene and younger stratigraphy. Our results show that the basin formed as a result of multi-directional extension, with NE–SW to E–W extension dominating over subordinate NW–SE to N–S extension. We show that faults bounding the modern basin also governed basin formation, with proximal facies close to the basin margins grading upwards and basinwards into lacustrine deposits representing the local depocentre. The Yalvac Basin was a local basin, but a similar, contemporaneous history recently reconstructed from the Alt?napa Basin, ~100 km to the south, shows that multi-directional extension dominated by E–W extension was a regional phenomenon. Extension is still active today, and we conclude that this tectonic regime in the study area has prevailed since Middle Miocene times. Previously documented E–W shortening in the Isparta Angle along the Aksu Thrust, ~100 km to the southwest of our study area, is synchronous with the extensional history documented here, and E–W extension to its east shows that Anatolian westwards push is likely not the cause. Synchronous E–W shortening in the heart and E–W extension in the east of the Isparta Angle may be explained by an eastwards-dipping subduction zone previously documented with seismic tomography and earthquake hypocentres. We suggest that this slab surfaces along the Aksu thrust and creates E–W overriding plate extension in the east of the Isparta Angle. Neogene and modern Anatolian geodynamics may thus have been driven by an Aegean, Antalya and Cyprus slab segment that each had their own specific evolution. 相似文献
9.
P. Szafián G. Tari F. Horváth S. Cloetingh 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1999,88(1):98-110
The crustal structure of the transition zone between the Eastern Alps and the western part of the Pannonian depression (Danube
basin) is traditionally interpreted in terms of subvertical Tertiary strike-slip and normal faults separating different Alpine
tectonic units. Reevaluation of approximately 4000-km-long hydrocarbon exploration reflection seismic sections and a few deep
seismic profiles, together with data from approximately 300 wells, suggests a different structural model. It implies that
extensional collapse of the Alpine orogene in the Middle Miocene was controlled by listric normal faults, which usually crosscut
Alpine nappes at shallow levels, but at depth merge with overthrust planes separating the different Alpine units. The alternative
structural model was tested along a transect across the Danube basin by gravity model calculations, and the results show that
the model of low-angle extensional faulting is indeed viable. Regarding the whole lithosphere of the western Pannonian basin,
gravity modelling indicates a remarkable asymmetry in the thickness minima of the attenuated crust and upper mantle. The approximately
160 km lateral offset between the two minima suggests that during the Miocene extension of the Pannonian basin detachment
of the upper crust from the mantle lithosphere took place along a rheologically weak lower crust.
Received: 13 July 1998 / Accepted: 18 March 1999 相似文献
10.
《Sedimentary Geology》2006,183(1-2):71-97
Large NW–SE oriented, Neogene–Quaternary structural depressions, up to about 200 km long and 25 km wide, have developed on the western side (hinterland) of the Northern Apennines over thrust substrate. The depressions are now, for the most part, laterally bounded by normal faults and are longitudinally separated into basins by transfer zones. A debate exists in the literature as to whether these basins have developed as half-graben under a predominantly extensional regime since late Miocene, or as thrust-top basins under a predominantly compressional regime that has continued until the Pleistocene. The Radicofani Basin is one of the best-preserved basins. It developed mainly during the late Miocene–Early Pliocene in the southern half of the Siena–Radicofani structural depression, and is now bounded on the east by normal faults that transect a thrust anticline “nose“ in the substrate, to the north by a substrate high or transfer zone, and to the south and west by Quaternary igneous/volcanic edifices. The basin experienced variable differential tectonic and associated sedimentation along linking, normal boundary faults. Along its eastern margin it shows the development of thick (∼600 m) alluvial fans that developed in relay areas between boundary faults and transverse faults and transfer zones. Well-exposed sections generally show upward transitions from conglomeratic alluvial fans, to shoreface sandstone, to offshore mudstones. Locally, the transition is marked by deltas primarily characterised by thick gravelly, sandy, stacked cross-sets The thicker, sandy-gravel to gravelly-sand cross-sets (5–8 m thick) are interpreted as Gilbert-type deltas; interstratified thinner (0.5–1 m thick), generally openwork gravelly strata are part of delta topset assemblages and probably represent prograding fluvial bars. Tectonic movements provided the accommodation space for the total, ∼2700 m thick basin fill. Sea level fluctuations that led to the repeated development of the cross-sets may also have been influenced by climatic or eustatic changes, possibly related to the effects of early Antarctic glaciations.Some features of the Radicofani Basin can be found in both extensional and compressional basins. However, the position of the basin in the mountain chain and the development of alluvial fans, fandeltas and associated deposits along the main boundary fault, combined with structural evidence from seismic lines, show that during the early Pliocene this basin best conforms to existing models of half-graben. 相似文献
11.
冀中坳陷中区中生代中晚期大型拆离滑覆构造的确定 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
晚侏罗世至早白垩世 ,太行地区受区域热构造事件的影响 ,燕山期的岩浆活动达到高潮 ,并由此引发了阜平、赞皇变质核杂岩的强烈拱升及浅层的侧向伸展拆离作用 ,在阜平变质核杂岩东侧的冀中坳陷中区形成了西部伸展而东部挤压的有机相连、有序发展的拆离滑覆构造体系 ,波及宽度达 1 5 0km。其后缘伸展区表现为变质核杂岩内的韧性剪切带、盖层内的拆离伸展断层及伴随的断陷盆地 ;而前缘挤压区形成叠瓦状逆冲推覆构造体系 ;介于二者之间的中部过渡带构造变形相对较弱 相似文献
12.
大杨树盆地的构造特征及变形期次 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
大杨树盆地是叠置于大兴安岭造山带的东部,与松辽盆地紧邻,呈北北东向长条带状展布的中新生代断陷-坳陷型盆地。大杨树盆地经历了多期变形作用,具有以伸展构造为主、并被挤压构造和反转构造叠加的构造特征。早白垩世龙江期主要受到了NWW—SEE向的拉伸作用,形成一系列北北东向控陷犁式正断层组合,在控陷断层的上盘发育小型箕状断陷;早白垩世九峰山期,大杨树盆地受挤压作用控制,使早期形成的断陷盆地发生反转作用,形成正反转构造,同时在某些地段形成逆冲断层和断层传播褶皱;早白垩世甘河期,大杨树盆地再次受到伸展作用,形成了一系列北北东向小型断陷。早白垩世晚期(甘河期之后)—晚白垩世早期,大杨树盆地受到强烈的挤压作用,使早期控陷正断层出现正反转作用,在盆地的浅部形成大型断层传播褶皱,使大杨树盆地全面隆升遭受剥蚀。第四纪大杨树盆地具有伸展的特征,发育一系列小型伸展断陷。 相似文献
13.
《Geodinamica Acta》2001,14(1-3):45-55
Field studies on the Neogene successions in south of İzmir reveal that subsequent Neogene continental basins were developed in the region. Initially a vast lake basin was formed during the Early–Middle Miocene period. The lacustrine sediments underwent an approximately N–S shortening deformation to the end of Middle Miocene. A small portion of the basin fill was later trapped within the N–S-trending, fault-bounded graben basin, the Çubukludağ graben, opened during the Late Miocene. Oblique-slip normal faults with minor sinistral displacement are formed possibly under N–S extensional regime, and controlled the sediment deposition. Following this the region suffered a phase of denudation which produced a regionwide erosional surface suggesting that the extension interrupted to the end of Late Miocene–Early Pliocene period. After this event the E–W-trending major grabens and horsts of western Anatolia began to form. The graben bounding faults cut across the Upper Miocene–Pliocene lacustrine sediments and fragmented the erosional surface. The Çubukludağ graben began to work as a cross graben between the E–W grabens, since that period. 相似文献
14.
Folds and thrust faults formed by layer-parallel shortening coaxial with extensional structures such as normal dip-slip faults and ductile necking structures with orthorhombic fabric symmetry are usual, but little-recognised structures formed within normal dip-slip shear zones bounding rifts. They are generated because of the shear distribution in a zone of progressive deformation and may be later extended and disrupted depending on which part of the strain ellipsoid they may be located. We here describe folds and thrust faults from the southern margin of the Ala?ehir Rift in western Turkey as an opportunity to discuss the properties of pure extension–related structures formed by layer-parallel shortening. Such structures are more commonly generated during the early stages of rifting, when deformation rates are slow and the shear zones broader than those forming later in the life of a rift when strain rates are usually higher. Such structures have commonly been mistaken for witnesses documenting regional episodes of shortening rather than as integral parts of the extensional structures forming rifts. Not all layer-parallel shortening-related structures therefore indicate regional shortening. We plead that hasty statements concerning the meaning of geological structures at all scales be avoided before a thorough understanding of bulk strains that have affected a region are properly understood. 相似文献
15.
五种不同边界几何条件的平面砂箱实验模型表明,一个方向的伸展变形可因伸展边界方向的变化形成不同走向的正断层,伸展裂陷盆地中不同走向的正断层并非一定代表不同方向区域构造应力作用、或多期构造变形的结果。伸展裂陷盆地正断层走向受伸展边界走向和构造伸展的方向共同控制,伸展边界的控制力随距离增大而逐渐衰减。伸展边界附近的断层走向主要受伸展边界方向控制,大致反映伸展边界方向。盆地内部断层走向主要受构造伸展方向控制(趋向于垂直构造伸展方向),主要反映构造伸展方向。盆地伸展边界方向的变化可以引起伸展裂陷盆地内部断层走向的转向。因铲式正断层上盘滚动变形产生的正断层,其走向平行于铲式边界断层的走向。 相似文献
16.
In the central part of the internal Western Alps, widespread multidirectional normal faulting resulted in an orogen-scale radial extension during the Neogene. We revisit the frontal Piémont units, between Doire and Ubaye, where contrasting lithologies allow analysing the interference with the N–S trending Oligocene compressive structures. A major extensional structure is the orogen-perpendicular Chenaillet graben, whose development was guided by an E–W trending transfer fault zone between the Chaberton backfold to the north and the Rochebrune backthrust to the south. The Chaberton hinge zone was passively crosscut by planar normal faults, resulting in a E–W trending step-type structure. Within the Rochebrune nappe, E–W trending listric normal faults bound tilted blocks that slipped northward along the basal backthrust surface reactivated as an extensional detachment. Gravity-driven gliding is suggested by the general northward tilting of the structure in relation with the collapse of the Chenaillet graben. The stress tensors computed from brittle deformation analysis confirm the predominance of orogen-parallel extension in the entire frontal Piémont zone. This can be compared with the nearby Briançonnnais nappe stack where the extensional reactivation of thrust surfaces locally resulted in prominent orogen-perpendicular extension. Such a contrasting situation illustrates how the main direction of the late-Alpine extension may be regionally governed by the nature and orientation of the pre-existing structures inherited from the main collision stage. 相似文献
17.
The east margin of the Siberian craton is a typical passive margin with a thick succession of sedimentary rocks ranging in age from Mesoproterozoic to Tertiary. Several zones with distinct structural styles are recognized and reflect an eastward-migrating depocenter. Mesozoic orogeny was preceded by several Mesoproterozoic to Paleozoic tectonic events. In the South Verkhoyansk, the most intense pre-Mesozoic event, 1000–950 Ma rifting, affected the margin of the Siberian craton and formed half-graben basins, bounded by listric normal faults. Neoproterozoic compressional structures occurred locally, whereas extensional structures, related to latest Neoproterozoic–early Paleozoic rifting events, have yet to be identified. Devonian rifting is recognized throughout the eastern margin of the Siberian craton and is represented by numerous normal faults and local half-graben basins.Estimated shortening associated with Mesozoic compression shows that the inner parts of ancient rifts are now hidden beneath late Paleozoic–Mesozoic siliciclastics of the Verkhoyansk Complex and that only the outer parts are exposed in frontal ranges of the Verkhoyansk thrust-and-fold belt. Mesoproterozoic to Paleozoic structures had various impacts on the Mesozoic compressional structures. Rifting at 1000–950 Ma formed extensional detachment and normal faults that were reactivated as thrusts characteristic of the Verkhoyansk foreland. Younger Neoproterozoic compressional structures do not display any evidence for Mesozoic reactivation. Several initially east-dipping Late Devonian normal faults were passively rotated during Mesozoic orogenesis and are now recognized as west-dipping thrusts, but without significant reactivation displacement along fault surfaces. 相似文献
18.
Chen Qiang 《《地质学报》英文版》1988,62(2):127-140
Listric faults of different levels and scales are widely developed in the lithosphere. According to theirtectonomechanical geneses. the author divides listric faults into primary and secondary ones. and the formermay be subdivided into gravity-gliding listric faults, regional extensional listric normal faults. regionalcontractional reverse listric faults and deep-seated ductile listric faults, By means of the slip-line field theorydealing with Mohr's criterion expressed by quadratic limiting curves. the author has preliminarily determinedthe occurrences. patterns and mechanical properties of various types of listric faults during their formation. andhas analyzed their tectonic evolution and related dynamic processes in the lithosphere. 相似文献
19.
Tectono sedimentary evolution of the Umm Ghaddah Formation (late Ediacaran-early Cambrian) in Jordan
Belal S. Amireh Mazen N. Amaireh Abdulkader M. Abed 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2008,33(3-4):194-218
The terrestrial Umm Ghaddah Formation of late Ediacaran-early Cambrian age was deposited in NE–SW elongated intracontinental rift system basins and sub-basins bounded by active listric half-graben faults. Basin fill consists of conglomerate facies association A, deposited in a fault-controlled transverse alluvial fan system that drained northwestward and graded laterally into sandstone facies association B, deposited by a braided river system flowing northeastward axial to the rift basin. The alluvial fan facies association was deposited by rock falls and non-cohesive debris flows of sediment gravity flow origin, and by sheetflood processes.The Umm Ghaddah Formation is dominated by a large-scale fining upward succession interpreted to reflect a gradual cessation of the Pan African Orogeny. Within this large-scale trend there are also minor fining and coarsening upward cycles that are attributed to repeated minor tectonic pulses and autocyclic shifting of the system.The distribution pattern of the Umm Ghaddah Formation and the underlying Ediacaran Sarmuj Conglomerates, Hiyala Volcaniclastics and Aheimir Volcanics in Jordan and adjacent countries in isolated extensional half-grabens and grabens formed during the extensional collapse phase of Arabia associated with the Najd Fault System seems to be unrelated to the present day Wadi Araba-Dead Sea transform fault system. 相似文献
20.
本文根据断裂在伸展变形中的功能,将渭北地区新生代伸展构造系划分为伸展断层组,传递断层组和滑脱断层组三类加以叙述,确认大部分伸展断层都是负反转构造,主干断面多呈犁式形态,最后讨论了构造系的伸展模式和动力学演化。 相似文献