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1.
Studies of the deformation styles, formation types and isotopic age data indicate that the Altaides has successively experienced 5 stages of orogeny: (1) the Kanas orogeny forming the angular unconformity between the Baihaba Formation (O_3) and the Habahe Group (Z-O_2); (2) the Daqiao orogeny (S_3-D_(1-2) giving rise to the early Hercynian quasi-aulacogen extensional continental crust of the area; (3) the Altay orogeny (middle-late Hercynian) leading to the oblique intracontinentai collision and the formation of large shear arc-shaped thrust system and representing a strong orogeny stage; (4) the pan-Altay orogeny (latest Hercynian-Indosinian) resulting in the uplifting and erosion of the mountains as a whole; (5) the Himalayan movement causing the rejuvenation of fault systems and block uplift of the Aitaides since the Cenozoic.  相似文献   

2.
阿尔泰造山带的铅同位素地质及其构造意义   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11  
曲国胜  崇美英 《现代地质》1991,5(1):100-110
阿尔泰遣山带中各构造带混合岩、片麻状花岗岩、钾长花岗岩的17个单矿物长石铅同位素测试分析表明:阿尔泰造山带中普遍存在前海西基底,模式年龄l1年龄段为:12862483Ma,对应着陆壳的增生事件及初始成岩年龄.模式年龄l2年龄段为:389412Ma,311346Ma,166196Ma,分别对应着晚志留-海西早期大陆裂谷作用;海西中晚期强烈挤压遣山和斜向逆冲及印支期造山期后花岗岩的侵入作用.t2中各时间段与各构造环境的判别相吻合.  相似文献   

3.
A metamorphic petrological study, in conjunction with recent precise geochronometric data, revealed a complex P–T–t path for high-grade gneisses in a hitherto poorly understood sector of the Mesoproterozoic Maud Belt in East Antarctica. The Maud Belt is an extensive high-grade, polydeformed, metamorphic belt, which records two significant tectono-thermal episodes, once towards the end of the Mesoproterozoic and again towards the late Neoproterozoic/Cambrian. In contrast to previous models, most of the metamorphic mineral assemblages are related to a Pan-African tectono-thermal overprint, with only very few relics of late Mesoproterozoic granulite-facies mineral assemblages (M1) left in strain-protected domains. Petrological and mineral chemical evidence indicates a clockwise P–T–t path for the Pan-African orogeny. Peak metamorphic (M2b) conditions recorded by most rocks in the area (T = 709–785 °C and P = 7.0–9.5 kbar) during the Pan-African orogeny were attained subsequent to decompression from probably eclogite-facies metamorphic conditions (M2a).The new data acquired in this study, together with recent geochronological and geochemical data, permit the development of a geodynamic model for the Maud Belt that involves volcanic arc formation during the late Mesoproterozoic followed by extension at 1100 Ma and subsequent high-grade tectono-thermal reworking once during continent–continent collision at the end of the Mesoproterozoic (M1; 1090–1030 Ma) and again during the Pan-African orogeny (M2a, M2b) between 565 and 530 Ma. Post-peak metamorphic K-metasomatism under amphibolite-facies conditions (M2c) followed and is ascribed to post-orogenic bimodal magmatism between 500 and 480 Ma.  相似文献   

4.
The island of Ios in the Cyclades, Aegean Sea, Greece, exposes high pressure metamorphic rocks that were subjected to Miocene continental extension subsequent to the Alpine collisional orogeny. The pre-Alpine history of the lower-plate of this Aegean metamorphic core complex involves intrusion of granitoids into metasediments which subsequently underwent Hercynian amphibolite facies metamorphism. During the Alpine orogeny (D2), these rocks were overthrust by the Cyclades blueschist nappe. Later, the lower plate was tectonically exhumed during Oligo-Miocene continental extension and associated plutonism. Final exhumation occurred as a result of the operation of a south-directed, crustal-scale shear zone and low-angle normal faults. This study shows that the Ios core complex reflects an intrinsic relationship between early thrusting and later extensional tectonism. Basement rocks have been exhumed from beneath the nappes that originally overrode them.  相似文献   

5.
Large-scale structures, textures and mineral assemblages in the Precambrian rocks of the Banded Gneissic Complex and the overlying Delhi Group in north-central Aravalli Mountain reveal a complex deformational-crystallization history. In the basement Gneissic Complex at least three deformational events, D0, D1 and D2, and two separate episodes of metamorphism, M1 and M2, are recognized. The supracrustal Delhi Rocks display only two phases of deformation, D1 and D2, associated with a single protracted period of metamorphism, M2.The first phase of deformation (D1) of the Delhi orogeny (1650-900 m.y.) produced large isoclinal folds that are overturned towards the southeast and have gentle plunges in NE and SW directions. The second phase of deformation (D2) gave rise to tight open folds on the limbs and axial-plane surfaces of the D1 folds. These folds generally plunge towards the N and NNW at 30°–80°. In the Basement Complex one more deformation (D0) of the Pre-Delhi orogeny (> 2000 m.y.) is recorded by the presence of reclined and recumbent folds with W to WNW trending fold axes. The D0 folds were superimposed by D1 and D2 folds during the Delhi orogeny.The three deformational events have been correlated with the crystallization periods of minerals in the rocks and a setting in time is established for this part of the Aravalli range.  相似文献   

6.
Basic magmatism in central Spain occurred sporadically during a long period of ca. 140 Ma. The geochemical data on representative samples from the five igneous episodes show that different mantle reservoirs were tapped. Crustal involvement (via recycling in mantle sources or by hybridization at emplacement levels) was important in the basic magmas related to the Hercynian orogeny (Gb1 to Gb3 suites). Samples occurring as later dykes have signatures ranging from OIB-like values (Gb4 alkaline lamprophyres) to those of a formerly enriched subcontinental lithospheric mantle (tholeiites Gb5). To cite this article: C. Villaseca et al., C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004).  相似文献   

7.
As a result of a detailed study of the chemical composition of minerals from garnet-biotite gneisses and biotite-pyroxene-amphibole schists it was revealed that rocks of the most ancient Selyankinskaya formation were subjected to the entire (progressive and regressive) amphibolite facies metamorphic cycle. Moreover, the metamorphic PT-path was calculated and the relationship between metamorphism and granitization and tectonogenesis of the dome structures at the collision stage of the Hercynian orogeny was considered.  相似文献   

8.
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9.
The deformed and metamorphosed middle Pennsylvanian to Early Triassic (?) rocks of the Pyeongan Supergroup, occurring in northeastern flank of the Paleozoic Taebaeksan Basin, east central South Korea, record the impact of the Late Permian–Triassic Songrim (Indosinian) collisional orogeny in the eastern Eurasia margin. Analysis of meso- and microstructures and their relationship with porphyroblast growth has revealed that these metasedimentary rocks were affected by four deformation events (D1–D4). During the polyphase deformations, successive foliations with alternately steep (S1 and S3) and flat-lying (S2 and S4) orientations were produced with growth of chloritoid, andalusite and kyanite porphyroblasts during D1 and D2, and growth of garnet, staurolite and andalusite porphyroblasts during D3 and D4. SHRIMP U–Pb detrital zircon ages (330–310 Ma) from metapelites in the oldest unit of the Pyeongan Supergroup in the study area, combined with the previous data on sandstone compositions, indicate magmatic activity that was contemporaneous with the initial deposition of the Pyeongan Supergroup. This also suggests that the Pyeongan Supergroup was deposited in an arc-related foreland basin at an active continental margin during the Late Carboniferous and Permian time. Two contractional deformation events (D1 and D3) and two events related to gravitational flattening (D2 and D4), along with Barrovian-type medium-pressure regional metamorphism, may have resulted from the Late Permian–Triassic Songrim orogeny, related to collision between the North and South China blocks and/or collision between the Eastern Eurasia margin and the proto-Japan terrane.  相似文献   

10.
A metamorphic petrological study, in conjunction with recent precise geochronometric data, revealed a complex P–T–t path for high-grade gneisses in a hitherto poorly understood sector of the Mesoproterozoic Maud Belt in East Antarctica. The Maud Belt is an extensive high-grade, polydeformed, metamorphic belt, which records two significant tectono-thermal episodes, once towards the end of the Mesoproterozoic and again towards the late Neoproterozoic/Cambrian. In contrast to previous models, most of the metamorphic mineral assemblages are related to a Pan-African tectono-thermal overprint, with only very few relics of late Mesoproterozoic granulite-facies mineral assemblages (M1) left in strain-protected domains. Petrological and mineral chemical evidence indicates a clockwise P–T–t path for the Pan-African orogeny. Peak metamorphic (M2b) conditions recorded by most rocks in the area (T = 709–785 °C and P = 7.0–9.5 kbar) during the Pan-African orogeny were attained subsequent to decompression from probably eclogite-facies metamorphic conditions (M2a).The new data acquired in this study, together with recent geochronological and geochemical data, permit the development of a geodynamic model for the Maud Belt that involves volcanic arc formation during the late Mesoproterozoic followed by extension at 1100 Ma and subsequent high-grade tectono-thermal reworking once during continent–continent collision at the end of the Mesoproterozoic (M1; 1090–1030 Ma) and again during the Pan-African orogeny (M2a, M2b) between 565 and 530 Ma. Post-peak metamorphic K-metasomatism under amphibolite-facies conditions (M2c) followed and is ascribed to post-orogenic bimodal magmatism between 500 and 480 Ma.  相似文献   

11.
In situ U–Pb dating and Hf isotopic of detrital zircons from beach sediments of Yalong Bay were analyzed to trace sedimentary provenance and reveal the crustal evolution of Hainan Island in South China. The grain size distribution of the sediments displays a clear single-peak feature, indicating the sediments were formed under the same condition of hydrodynamic force. The detrital zircons had Th/U ratios of greater than 0.1, and REE pattern displayed a positive Ce anomaly and a negative Eu anomaly, indicating that these zircons are predominantly of magmatic origin. The U–Pb spectrum of detrital zircons mainly peaked at the Yanshanian (96–185 Ma), Hercynian–Indosinian (222–345 Ma) and Caledonian (421–477 Ma). A portion of the detrital zircons were of Neoproterozoic origin (728–1,003 Ma), which revealed that the basement in the eastern region of Hainan Island was mainly of Neoproterozoic, with rare Archean materials. The positive ε Hf(t) values (0 to +10.1) of the Neoproterozoic detrital zircons indicated that the juvenile crust grew in the southeastern Hainan Island mainly during the Neoproterozoic period. The Neoproterozoic orogeny in the southeastern part of the island (0.7–1.0 Ga) occurred later than in the northwestern region of the island (1.0–1.4 Ga). Importantly, the Grenvillian orogeny in the southeastern area of Hainan Island shared the same timing with that of the western Cathaysia Block; i.e., both areas concurrently underwent this orogenic event, thereby forming a part of the Rodinia supercontinent. Afterwards, the crust experienced remelting and reworking during the Caledonian Hercynian–Indosinianand Yanshanian accompanied by the growth of a small amount of juvenile crust.  相似文献   

12.
The Phanerozoic geodynamic evolution of Europe is reviewed for the purpose of identifying its bearing on the petrogenesis of the Cenozoic European Volcanic Province. Several events capable of modifying the chemistry and mineralogy of the mantle, such as subduction of oceanic crust, continent-continent collision, and ocean formation are emphasized. The area now occupied by the Mediterranean Sea and, in general, all of Europe, underwent a complex geodynamic evolution, involving large relative crustal movements. The Paleozoic to Recent evolution of the circum-Mediterranean Sea area can be summarized as follows: (1) extension during the Precambrian (presence of ～3000 to 4000 km wide oceanic crust between Laurussia (consisting of the Laurentian and Baltica-Fenno-scandian cratons) and Gondwana (South America, Africa, Australia, India, and Antarctica); (2) collisional movements with the formation of “Andean-type” margins during the Late Precambrian to Middle Paleozoic, followed by “Himalayan-type” margins during the Carboniferous (Hercynian orogeny sensu stricto); (3) change of plate movements and development of tensional (transtensive) stresses at the end of the Paleozoic, as indicated by the formation of the North Atlantic-Tethys rift system, with the Cretaceous formation of the Ligurian-Piedmontese and the Mesogean Ocean; (4) the Alpine orogeny, with a two-stage compressive cycle-(a) Eoalpine (Paleogene closure of the Ligurian-Piedmontese Ocean; formation of the Betic Cordillera, western-northern Alps, and Carpatho-Balkan Arc), with Europe-verging thrusts; and (b) Neoalpine (Neogene-Pleistocene formation of the Apennine, Maghrebide, Dinaride, and Hellenide chains, plus the backthrusted southern Alps, all with African vergence; opening of two diachronous backarc basins-the Ligurian-Provencal Basin and the Tyrrhenian Sea-in the western Mediterranean). Hercynian-age modifications (the most important of which are subduction-related) led to almost unique isotopic ratios, such as low 143Nd/144Nd, 206Pb/204Pb, 3He/4He, and slightly radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr ratios.

During the Cenozoic and Quaternary, widespread magmatic activity developed throughout Europe. These products, mainly represented by mildly to strongly alkaline rocks with sodic affinity and tholeiitic mafic rocks (basanite, alkali basalts, tholeiitic basalts), show quite uniform geochemical and isotopic compositions typical of a within-plate tectonic setting. Moreover, subduction-related magmatism (mainly represented by low-to high-K calc-alkaline and shoshonitic series + ultrapotassic rocks such as lamproites) developed in response to the subduction systems of the Alpine orogeny. With respect to the circum-Italian realm, the igneous rocks emplaced during the last 30 Ma are essentially related to the Alpine orogeny. This activity is represented by rocks of extremely variable composition (alkaline-both sodic and potassic to ultrapotassic-and subalkaline [tholeiitic and calc-alkaline]) and probably carbonatitic.  相似文献   

13.
会泽地区的南红玛瑙矿主要产于上三叠统飞仙关组的中上部砾岩层、上二叠统宣威组底部砾岩层以及晚二叠世峨眉山组杏仁状玄武岩中。玛瑙新鲜面多为红色、浅红色及灰白色;呈椭球状或扁球状分布于砾岩之中,分布不均匀,局部富集;玛瑙砾石大小不一,玛瑙粒径多集中在0.5~5 cm,偶见大于6 cm。会泽地区的南红玛瑙矿形成可分为三个阶段：1）晚二叠世时期,玄武质火山岩（P3e）中的含硅质热液在晚期充填于玄武岩气孔或裂隙中,经过（快速）冷却形成隐晶质石英或晶质石英集合体——玛瑙,即原生玛瑙;2）晚二叠世晚期的华力西运动和印支运动早期的地壳继续隆升,使得含玛瑙玄武岩遭受风化-剥蚀作用,两次剥离出来的玛瑙单体经流水搬运作用及河湖相沉积作用,形成宣威组（P3x）、飞仙关组（T1f）含玛瑙砾石层——沉积砾岩型玛瑙矿产;3）近-现代地质作用,使得二叠纪玄武岩气孔中原生玛瑙和宣威组、飞仙关组沉积砾岩层中的次生玛瑙砾石,再次受到风化-剥蚀作用,玛瑙砾石经流水搬运至现代河流或湖泊中,形成次生玛瑙砂矿。  相似文献   

14.
In the complex structural framework of the Western Mediterranean. Hercynian areas are expected to be thermally preserved from the recent tectonic evolution. The thermal regime of these areas is studied using heat flow, heat production and fission track data. The surface heat flow is significantly higher in Corsica (76 ± 10 mW m−2) than in the Maures and Estérel (58 ± 2 mW m−2). Neither heat production nor erosion subsequent to the Alpine orogeny in Corsica can explain such a difference. It is suggested that a deep thermal source related to the asymmetric evolution of the Provençal basin could explain the higher heat flow in Corsica. A model of thermal structure based on the present day thermal regime of the Maures and Estérei is proposed for the stable Hercynian crust in this area. The mantle heat flow is 20–25 mW m−2 and the temperature at Moho level is 375–500°C, depending on the thermal parameter distribution with depth.  相似文献   

15.
New data on the composition, age, structure, and geodynamic settings of the Upper Silurian–lower Middle Carboniferous rocks in the Baikal–Vitim Fold System (BVFS) are reported. These rocks make up the Early Hercynian structural stage of the BVFS, within which the Uda–Vitim, Vitimkan–Tsipa, and Turka–Kurba lithotectonic zones are recognized. The Early Hercynian stage combines rocks of two stratigraphic levels: Upper Silurian–Upper Devonian (S2–D3) and Upper–Devonian–Middle Carboniferous (D3–C21). On the basis of lithostratigraphic and spatiotemporal relationships between sedimentary and volcanic–sedimentary complexes of the Early Hercynian stage three formations are identified, which characterize the main tectonic regimes of the early half of the Late Paleozoic. It has been established that a common paleobasin that evolved through consecutively changing geodynamic settings at the passive and active continental margins existed in the Silurian (?)–early Middle Carboniferous in the northeastern part (in present-day coordinates) of the western Transbaikal region.  相似文献   

16.
The Lesser Himalaya in central Nepal consists of Precambrian to early Paleozoic, low- to medium-grade metamorphic rocks of the Nawakot Complex, unconformably overlain by the Upper Carboniferous to Lower Miocene Tansen Group. It is divided tectonically into a Parautochthon, two thrust sheets (Thrust sheets I and II), and a wide shear zone (Main Central Thrust zone) from south to north by the Bari Gad–Kali Gandaki Fault, the Phalebas Thrust and the Lower Main Central Thrust, respectively. The Lesser Himalaya is overthrust by the Higher Himalaya along the Upper Main Central Thrust (UMCT). The Lesser Himalaya forms a foreland-propagating duplex structure, each tectonic unit being a horse bounded by imbricate faults. The UMCT and the Main Boundary Thrust are the roof and floor thrusts, respectively. The duplex is cut-off by an out-of-sequence fault. At least five phases of deformation (D1–D5) are recognized in the Lesser Himalaya, two of which (D1 and D2) belong to the pre-Himalayan (pre-Tertiary) orogeny. Petrographic, microprobe and illite crystallinity data show polymetamorphic evolution of the Lesser and Higher Himalayas in central Nepal. The Lesser Himalaya suffered a pre-Himalayan (probably early Paleozoic) anchizonal prograde metamorphism (M0) and a Neohimalayan (syn- to post-UMCT) diagenetic to garnet grade prograde inverted metamorphism (M2). The Higher Himalaya suffered an Eohimalayan (pre or early-UMCT) kyanite-grade prograde metamorphism (M1) which was, in turn, overprinted by Neohimalayan (syn-UMCT) retrograde metamorphism (M2). The isograd inversion from garnet zone in the Lesser Himalaya to kyanite zone in the Higher Himalaya is only apparent due to post-metamorphic thrusting along the UMCT. Both the Lesser and Higher Himalayas have undergone late-stage retrogression (M3) during exhumation.  相似文献   

17.
Metanorites from two eclogitized metagabbros of the Hercynian French Massif Central preserve coronitic textures of hornblende, garnet, quartz and/or kyanite produced at the expense of the primary magmatic assemblage orthopyroxene and plagioclase. Using a petrogenetic grid in the CFMASH system, two possible P–T evolutions for the origin of the coronas are evaluated. The sequence of reactions involving the formation of Hbl (–Ky) ± Grt and Qtz coronitic assemblages is consistent with an isobaric cooling at high pressure (c. 1–2 GPa) under hydrated conditions. However, this P–T path, inferred by using only petrographical observations, is inconsistent with the geochronological constraints: emplacement of the gabbro at 490 Ma and high‐pressure metamorphism at 410 Ma. In order to reconcile petrographical observations with geochronological constraints, we propose a discontinuous two‐stage evolution involving a change in water activity with time. (1) Emplacement and cooling of the norite at low pressure under anhydrous conditions, at 490 Ma. (2) During the Hercynian orogeny, the norite experienced an increase in pressure and temperature under fluid‐present conditions. Adding water to the system implies a dramatic change in the petrogenetic grid topology, restricting the orthopyroxene–plagioclase assemblage only to high temperatures. Therefore, the breakdown of the unstable magmatic assemblage, through apparent retrograde reactions, occurred along the prograde P–T path which never crossed the equilibrium boundaries of these reactions.  相似文献   

18.
恩格尔乌苏冲断带特征及大地构造意义   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12       下载免费PDF全文
王廷印  张铭杰 《地质科学》1998,33(4):385-394
研究表明恩格尔乌苏冲断带是华北板块和塔里木板块的缝合线,北东东向断续延长800km以上。该冲断带连同南北陆缘地带构造构成典型的陆-弧-陆碰撞造山带,与碰撞造山作用同时,形成区域性透入性劈理。地层学和同位素地质年代学资料表明,碰撞造山作用发生于海西末期或印支早期。碰撞造山作用的动力学过程主要表现为向南的洋壳俯冲和向北的陆壳仰冲,并伴随右旋剪切滑移运动。恩格尔乌苏混杂岩带为韧性-韧脆性冲断推覆构造,其北侧的前陆褶皱冲断带为脆性-脆韧性冲断推覆及褶皱构造。  相似文献   

19.
辽东的主要剪切带及其金矿化特征   总被引：13，自引：7，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文
辽东地区构造上位于辽中—吉南元古宙活动带西南部,为胶辽克拉通金矿床分布比较集中的地区。金矿化作用发生于古元古宙变质沉积岩和花岗片麻岩的韧性及脆-韧性剪切带之中,剪切活动与成金事件具同时性关系。矿化剪切带分为3大系统,其中近东—西向和北东—南西向两大系统发育于辽河群分布区,其受控于岩石非均匀性,分别借助于早(吕梁)期S1(≈S0)和S2或D3剪切带而形成,剪切活动(构造事件)与成金事件主要发生于印支运动;丹东韧性剪切带及其相关构造为本区最重要的含矿系统,矿床均顺主构造线分布,并规律性地受控于其次级构造,剪切带的形成和成金事件均在燕山运动时期。本区提供了一个特殊的克拉通成矿作用格局:容矿岩石时代老,成金事件时代新。  相似文献   

20.
The Peloritani Mountains are a fragment of an orogen variably attributed to the Alpine or Hercynian orogeny. On the basis of 39Ar-40Ar, U-Pb and Rb-Sr dating, the main metamorphism of the two medium–high grade metamorphic units, the Mela and Aspromonte Units, and most of the thrusting responsible for stacking the orogenic edifice are seen to be Hercynian. The main thrusting of the Aspromonte Unit over the lower grade units took place at 301±2 Ma. Brittle deformation during Tertiary reactivation of Hercynian thrust planes did not generate any rejuvenation of white micas in the studied sector. Our dataset shows a great complexity and we propose to unravel it by considering different levels of information. To first order, the Mela and Aspromonte Units differ in their metamorphic paths and their geochronological evolution. The Mela Unit shows generally younger ages (Carboniferous) than the Aspromonte Unit and, unlike the latter, was extensively retrogressed in greenschist facies. The Aspromonte Unit is itself geochronologically heterogeneous. Proterozoic ages are preserved both in titanite and in amphibole relics of one tectonic subunit; Devonian to Carboniferous amphibole ages are found in different other subunits; tertiary overprint is minor and spatially limited. We propose to consider the chronologically heterogeneous subunits as accreted pre-Hercynian terranes amalgamated late during the Hercynian orogeny. Micas in both units give scattered Mesozoic 39Ar-40Ar and Rb-Sr ages, with evidence for heterochemical mica generations. We interpret them as a result of widespread hydrothermal circulation event(s). Tertiary overprint is generally absent, with the exception of a small area near Messina where biotite and muscovite underwent a complex recrystallisation history in the interval between 48 and 61 Ma.An erratum to this article can be found at  相似文献   

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