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1.
平南盆地位于中朝地台东缘朝鲜半岛中部。平南盆地古生界比较发育,特别是盆地中南部地区发育寒武系、奥陶系和志留系,仅在盆地东南部谷山、法洞地区发现了晚奥陶世到志留纪的地层,其它地区末曾发现过晚奥陶世到早石炭世的地层。最近在平南盆地中部平壤之东原中奥陶统(晚达组)上部发现了Chaetetes cf. nantanensis, Calceola sp., Thamnopora sp., Cladopora sp. 等指示泥盆纪的化石;该含化石层的走向延续性比较好,延伸长度2~3 km。基于上述研究,认为原来的中奥陶统(晚达组)上部可能为泥盆系。在中朝地台,除了西缘和西南缘地区以外,大部分地区没有发现晚奥陶世-早石炭世的地层,只有辽东太子河流域本溪组的地质时代被认定为早石炭世晚期到晚石炭世早期。这些泥盆纪、早石炭世化石都发育在中朝地台东部,说明古生代时期中朝地台西部和东部沉积环境及构造演化有差别,因而对于中朝地台古生代古地理和构造演化需要重新认识。 相似文献
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塔里木盆地古生界不同成因斜坡带特征与油气成藏组合 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
塔里木盆地古隆起和古斜坡控制油气富集已为勘探实践所证实。古生界广泛分布的斜坡带按其成因特点可分为3类:即地层形成期的沉积建造斜坡、构造变革改造期的侵蚀地貌斜坡和构造抬升翘倾作用形成的构造斜坡。不同类型的斜坡带发育了不同的油气成藏组合:沉积建造斜坡带发育了以礁滩体为主要储层、致密碳酸盐岩或上奥陶统泥岩为主要盖层的成藏组合;岩溶斜坡带发育了不同层系岩溶储层(中、下奥陶统岩溶储层、上奥陶统岩溶储层和寒武系白云岩储层)与不同层系泥岩盖层(上奥陶统泥岩盖层、志留系泥岩盖层和石炭系下泥岩段盖层)构成的成藏组合;地层超覆斜坡带在志留系和上泥盆统—石炭系形成了以地层超覆圈闭为主、构造-地层(或岩性)圈闭为辅、泥岩段为盖层的成藏组合。 相似文献
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阿尔及利亚438 区块位于阿尔及利亚Oued Mya 盆地北部。利用石油地质理论和测试、测井解释资料,解析阿尔及利亚438 区块古生代地层和油藏特征。分析表明,438 区块所属的Oued Mya 盆地古生代属于克拉通盆地,沉积了奥陶系、志留系和泥盆系多套海相地层,发育有志留系泥页岩和奥陶系页岩两套烃源岩,具备良好的生储盖条件。根据NGS-P1 井的实探资料,裂缝在奥陶系的Hamra 石英砂岩的成藏中起主导作用,应为裂缝型圈闭; 构造和岩性在Dale de M'Kratta 砂岩和泥盆系砂岩的成藏中起主导作用,应为构造--岩性圈闭,推断本区古生代油气成藏模式为断层输导型。 相似文献
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贵州黄平凹陷下古生界油气勘探潜力 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
黄平凹陷上震旦统—三叠系为碳酸盐岩与碎屑岩交互沉积,厚度达5000～6000m,曾具有较好的油气成藏过程。主要有三套烃源岩,即震旦系陡山沱组黑色碳质泥页岩,为"好"烃源岩;下寒武统九门冲组炭质泥页岩和灰岩,以及下寒武统变马冲组—耙榔组泥页岩、炭质泥岩,均为"较好"烃源岩。含油气层主要为下寒武统九门冲组石灰岩、变马冲组—耙榔组砂岩、志留系翁项群二段砂岩和三段泥岩中的砂岩夹层。盖层分布广,厚度大,封盖性好。生储盖组合重复出现,油源、构造的配置关系很好,具有较好的油气保存条件。近期的浅层地震资料表明,虎庄背斜和鱼洞向斜分别可是寻找深层天然气和浅层油气的远景构造。 相似文献
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Diagenetic and very low-grade metamorphic characteristics of the Paleozoic series of the Istanbul Terrane (NW Turkey) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Istanbul Terrane along the Black Sea coast in NW Anatolia, is a Gondwana-derived continental microplate, comprising a well-developed Paleozoic succession. Petrographic and X-ray diffraction studies were performed on rock samples from measured sections throughout Ordovician?CCarboniferous sedimentary units. Diagenetic-very low-grade metamorphic clastic (shale/mudstone, siltstone, sandstone) and calcareous rocks (limestone, dolomite) mainly contain phyllosilicates, quartz, feldspar, calcite, dolomite, hematite and goethite minerals. Phyllosilicates are primarily represented by illite, chlorite, mixed-layered chlorite?Cvermiculite (C?CV), chlorite?Csmectite (C?CS) and illite?Cchlorite (I?CC). Feldspar is commonly present in the Ordovician and Carboniferous units, whereas calcite and dolomite are abundant in the Silurian and Devonian sediments. The most important phyllosilicate assemblage is illite?+?chlorite?+?I?CC?+?C?CV?+?C?CS. Illite and chlorite-bearing mixed layer clays are found in all units. The amounts of illites increase in the upper parts of the Silurian series and the lower parts of the Devonian series, whereas chlorite and chlorite-bearing mixed-layers are dominant in the Ordovician and Carboniferous units. Kübler index values of illites reflect high-grade anchimetamorphism for the Early Ordovician rocks, low-grade metamorphism to high-grade diagenesis for the Middle Ordovician?CEarly Silurian rocks and high-grade diagenesis for the Late Silurian?CDevonian units. The K-white micas b cell dimensions indicate intermediate pressure conditions in the Early Ordovician?CEarly Silurian units, but lower pressure conditions in the Middle Silurian?CDevonian units. Illites are composed of 2M 1?±?1M d polytypes in all units, except for Upper Ordovician?CLower Silurian units which involve 1M polytype in addition to 2M 1 and 1M d polytypes. The 2M 1/(2M 1?+?1Md) ratios rise from Devonian to Ordovician together with the increasing diagenetic-metamorphic grade. Chlorites have IIb polytype. In general, crystal-chemical data of clay minerals in the Istanbul Terrane show a gradual increase in the diagenetic/metamorphic grade together with increasing depth. The new data presented in this work indicate that the diagenetic/metamorphic grade of the Paleozoic of the Istanbul Terrane is higher than that of the neighboring Zonguldak Terrane and generated by a single metamorphic phase developed at the end of Carboniferous. This finding contrasts with the metamorphic history of the neighboring Zonguldak Terrane that displays a distinct Early Devonian unconformity and a thermal event. 相似文献
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西天山伊犁地区上、下石炭统接触关系的重新厘定及其构造意义——来自沉积学和岩相学的证据 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
西天山上、下石炭统之间是否存在区域性角度不整合争议颇大,制约了西天山晚古生代构造演化阶段的划分。伊犁地区石炭纪地层出露典型且完好,通过对该地区上、下石炭统接触关系的重新厘定,开展沉积学和岩相学研究。沉积学特征显示,二者产状一致,未见底砾岩和风化壳,且存在碳酸盐岩和火山碎屑物质"混生"的沉积特征,下石炭统阿克沙克组和上石炭统伊什基里克组之间并无明显沉积间断,应为连续的火山–沉积序列。该研究为西天山伊犁地区石炭纪为统一后碰撞裂谷盆地的认识提供了沉积学证据。 相似文献
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轮南古隆起位于塔里木盆地北部,是一个大型基底卷入型鼻状背斜。卷入背斜构造变形的地层包括下古生界及其以下地层。它的形式演化控制着轮南复式油气聚集区的形成与分布。过轮南古隆起的地震剖面上显示,这里发育上泥盆统东河砂岩底、志留系底和上奥陶统底3个与古隆起形成密切相关的不整合面。上奥陶统底是一个低角度不整合面至平行不整合面,地层间断很小。志留系与下伏地层之间是一个低角度不整合接触,存在一定规模的地层间断。东河砂岩与下伏地层之间是一个明显的角度不整合接触,是一个较大的地层间断。东河砂岩直接不整合覆盖在下志留统甚至更老地层之上。上奥陶统至下志留统（中-上志留统缺失）为生长地层;上奥陶统之下的地层是前生长地层;东河砂岩及其上覆的石炭系是生长后地层。根据已有构造分析成果,塔里木盆地中志留世—中泥盆世处于造山后区域性伸展构造背景。据此分析,轮南古隆起（背斜）的构造变形起始于中奥陶世末—晚奥陶世初,持续至早志留世。此后进入风化夷平阶段,古隆起依然存在,但是背斜构造变形已经结束。至东河砂岩沉积时,轮南古隆起基本被夷平,并逐渐被埋于地下。 相似文献
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论述了黔中—川南铝土矿成矿带内早石炭世和晚石炭世铝土矿及其下伏地层的主要化学成分、稀散元素、稀土元素的地球化学特征,进而探讨了铝土矿的成矿母岩———下寒武统、下奥陶统和下志留统的泥、页岩及碳酸盐岩的成矿意义。 相似文献
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塔河油田加里东期岩溶储层特征及分布预测 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
岩溶储层是塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩的主要储层，是海西早期与加里东期岩溶作用的结果。海西期岩溶储层主要发育在石炭系直接覆盖于中下奥陶统之上的地区，上奥陶统覆盖区的岩溶储层主要是加里东期岩溶作用形成的。地震剖面奥陶系反射波组底部上超、顶部削切特征，牙形剌化石带的缺失、志留系层序地层对比均证实奥陶系在加里东中期有过隆升剥蚀，说明塔河油田具备有加里东岩溶作用的地质条件，锶同位素特征证实了加里东期岩溶洞穴的存在。在上奥陶统覆盖区，岩溶储层主要发育于加里东不整合面(T47和T27)下300 m之内，岩溶储层中，岩溶洞穴高度主要为0～30 m之间，最大可达75 m，显然是加里东中期岩溶作用的产物。加里东期断裂控制了加里东岩溶储层的发育，由此预测了加里东期岩溶储层的发育区带。 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(9-10):1269-1284
Chemistry of major and minor elements, 87Sr/86Sr, δD, and δ18O of oilfield waters, and 87Sr/86Sr of whole rock were measured from Paleozoic strata in the Central Tarim basin, NW China. The aim is to elucidate the origin and migration of formation water and its relation to petroleum migration. High salinity oilfield waters in Carboniferous, Silurian and Ordovician reservoirs have maintained the same Na/Cl ratio as seawater, indicative of subaerially evaporated seawater. Two possible sources of evaporitic water are Carboniferous (CII) and Cambrian, both of which contain evaporitic sediments. Geographic and stratigraphic trends in water chemistry suggest that most of the high salinity water is from the Cambrian. Strontium, H and O isotopes as well as ion chemistry indicate at least 3 end member waters in the basin. High-salinity Cambrian evaporitic water was expelled upward into Ordovician, Silurian and Carboniferous reservoirs along faults and fractures during compaction and burial. Meteoric water has likely invaded the section throughout its history as uplift created subaerial unconformities. Meteoric water certainly infiltrated Silurian and older strata during development of the CIII unconformity and again in recent times. Modern meteoric water enters Carboniferous strata from the west and flows eastward, mixing with the high salinity Cambrian water and to a lesser degree with paleometeoric water. The third end member is highly radiogenic, shale-derived water which has migrated eastward from the Awati Depression to the west. Enrichment of Ca and Sr and depletion of K, Mg, and SO4 relative to the seawater evaporation trajectory suggest waters were affected by albitization of feldspars, dolomitization, illitization of smectite, and SO4 reduction. The mixing of meteoric water occurred subsequently to seawater evaporation, main water-rock interactions, and brine migration. The direction of brine migration is consistent with that of petroleum migration, suggesting water and petroleum have followed the same migration pathways. 相似文献
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袁复礼教授20—30年代对甘肃、新疆等省区的地层古生物研究做了开拓性工作,多有发现。本文阐述了他创立的几个地层单位——平凉笔石层、臭牛沟组、石钱滩泥灰岩(组)、大龙口层(组)、东红山层(组)、烧房沟层(组)、水西沟组(群)的意义,包括他对兽形爬行类化石的重大发现。同时,还介绍了他对甘肃东、西北部石炭纪地层以及准噶尔东部地层的主要研究成果。 相似文献
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塔里木盆地下古生界岩溶型储层类型及特征 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
塔里木盆地下古生界岩溶型储层可划分为同生岩溶、风化壳岩溶和埋藏岩溶等三种类型。同生岩溶型储层主要为礁滩体受三级或四级相对海平面下降导致的短暂暴露和淡水淋溶的产物。风化壳岩溶型储层包括层间岩溶和潜山岩溶两个亚类:层间岩溶为碳酸盐岩中—短期抬升剥蚀和淡水淋溶的产物,地形起伏平缓,与上覆碳酸盐岩呈平行不整合接触;潜山岩溶为碳酸盐岩长期抬升剥蚀和淡水淋溶的产物,地形起伏强烈,与上覆石炭系、侏罗系—白垩系碎屑岩呈角度不整合接触,包括石灰岩潜山和白云岩潜山。埋藏岩溶型储层又可分为原源埋藏岩溶和异源埋藏岩溶两个亚类,前者为有机酸、盆地热卤水、TSR成因的硫化氢等成岩流体作用的产物,后者为深源热液作用的产物。认为塔里木盆地岩溶型储层是多期次岩溶作用叠加改造的结果。 相似文献
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卡拉麦里蛇绿岩带位于新疆准噶尔盆地东北缘,查明卡拉麦里蛇绿岩所代表的古洋盆形成和闭合时代,是新疆东准噶尔乃至古亚洲洋演化历史的关键地质问题之一。本文通过对蛇绿岩带两侧志留—石炭系的岩石组合、结构构造、接触关系以及生物化石等沉积-构造特征的对比分析,揭示卡拉麦里构造带古生代的构造演化。在卡拉麦里蛇绿岩带北侧,广泛发育上志留统、下泥盆统与中—上奥陶统和加里东期花岗岩的角度不整合,普遍缺失下志留统,不整合面之下的奥陶系为变质达绿片岩相的安山岩为主,而在蛇绿岩带南北两侧的中、上志留统—泥盆系—下石炭统沉积体系特征相似,可以对比:地层间整合接触,产状平缓,褶皱、断裂构造和变质作用均不发育,主要为开阔的短轴背斜、向斜,与卡拉麦里蛇绿混杂岩带中的强变形构造明显不同;岩石组合都以火山碎屑岩为主,多见交错层理等沉积构造,产门类众多的动植物化石,反映了滨—浅海相的沉积环境。以上说明,卡拉麦里构造带晚古生代并不存在一个开阔的大洋,卡拉麦里蛇绿岩所代表的古洋盆在中志留世之前已经闭合。 相似文献
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纸房花岗岩体位于新疆东准噶尔卡拉麦里构造带北侧。该岩体侵入的最新地层为中-上奥陶统荒草坡群, 并被晚志留世及早泥盆世地层不整合覆盖。对纸房花岗岩进行锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年, 获得的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(463±7)~(436±4) Ma, 表明该岩体形成于晚奥陶世-早志留世, 是早古生代岩浆活动的产物。对已有的区域地质资料、岩体侵位时代及其与围岩接触关系进行综合分析后认为, 纸房花岗岩体的形成时代大致对应于卡拉麦里构造带内区域性角度不整合的形成时间, 推测该岩体为早古生代造山过程中形成的花岗质岩石。高Sr、低Yb、弱的Eu负异常等地球化学特征也显示其为埃达克型同造山花岗岩。纸房地区早古生代同造山花岗岩的存在为东准噶尔卡拉麦里构造带早古生代造山作用的确认提供了证据。 相似文献
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Flat-pebble conglomerate: its multiple origins and relationship to metre-scale depositional cycles 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Paul M. Myrow Lauren Tice Bonny Archuleta† Bryn Clark‡ John F. Taylor§ Robert L. Ripperdan¶ 《Sedimentology》2004,51(5):973-996
Carbonate flat‐pebble conglomerate is an important component of Precambrian to lower Palaeozoic strata, but its origins remain enigmatic. The Upper Cambrian to Lower Ordovician strata of the Snowy Range Formation in northern Wyoming and southern Montana contain abundant flat‐pebble conglomerate beds in shallow‐water cyclic and non‐cyclic strata. Several origins of flat‐pebble conglomerate are inferred for these strata. In one case, all stages of development of flat‐pebble conglomerate are captured within storm‐dominated shoreface deposits of hummocky cross‐stratified (HCS) fine carbonate grainstone. A variety of synsedimentary deformation structures records the transition from mildly deformed in situ stratification to buckled beds of partially disarticulated bedding to fully developed flat‐pebble conglomerate. These features resulted from failure of a shoreface and subsequent brittle and ductile deformation of compacted to early cemented deposits. Failure was induced by either storm or seismic waves, and many beds failed along discrete slide scar surfaces. Centimetre‐scale laminae within thick amalgamated HCS beds were planes of weakness that led to the development of platy clasts within partly disarticulated and rotated bedding of the buckled beds. In some cases, buckled masses accelerated downslope until they exceeded their internal friction, completely disarticulated into clasts and transformed into a mass flow of individual cm‐ to dm‐scale clasts. This transition was accompanied by the addition of sand‐sized echinoderm‐rich debris from local sources, which slightly lowered friction by reducing clast–clast interactions. The resulting dominantly horizontal clast orientations suggest transport by dense, viscous flow dominated by laminar shear. These flows generally came to rest on the lower shoreface, although in some cases they continued a limited distance beyond fairweather wave base and were interbedded with shale and grainstone beds. The clasts in these beds show no evidence of extensive reworking (i.e. not well rounded) or condensation (i.e. no rinds or coatings). A second type of flat‐pebble conglomerate bed occurs at the top of upward‐coarsening, metre‐scale cycles. The flat‐pebble conglomerate beds cap these shoaling cycles and represent either lowstand deposits or, in some cases, may represent transgressive lags. The clasts are well rounded, display borings and have iron‐rich coatings. The matrix to these beds locally includes glauconite. These beds were considerably reworked and represent condensed deposits. Thrombolites occur above the flat‐pebble beds and record microbial growth before initial transgression at the cycle boundaries. A third type of flat‐pebble conglomerate bed occurs within unusual metre‐scale, shale‐dominated, asymmetric, subaqueous cycles in Shoshone Canyon, Wyoming. Flat‐pebble beds in these cycles consist solely of clasts of carbonate nodules identical to those that are in situ within underlying shale beds. These deeper water cycles can be interpreted as either upward‐shoaling or ‐deepening cycles. The flat‐pebble conglomerate beds record winnowing and reworking of shale and carbonate nodules to lags, during either lowstand or the first stages of transgression. 相似文献
19.
E. Ja. Leven 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2012,20(3):240-260
Sections of the Bashkirian Stage of Southwestern Darvaz (the Pamir Mountains) are described. Based on fusulinids, the presence of all four Bashkirian substages was established. The Bashkirian beds transgressively overlie clastic-volcanic series of the Lower Carboniferous, and are conformably overlain by the Moscovian (Vereian). Upper Kashirian unconformably overlies both the Vereian beds and all earlier beds, up to of the Lower Carboniferous. An unconformity can be assumed within the Bashkirian, because the lower Bashkirian strata are missing from certain sections. The Bashkirian beds have no evidence of synsedimentary volcanism, which had completely ceased by the end of the Early Carboniferous. Fusulinids most characteristic of the Bashkirian substages are figured. 相似文献
20.
黔东南及邻区加里东运动的表现及地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
加里东运动对黔东南地区的沉积格局、岩浆活动、变形变质影响明显,形成了上古生界与下伏地层之间的不整合接触关系。广西罗城-龙胜、湖南通道地区是加里东运动的构造高位区,向西至黔东地区在平面上出现有规律的变化,表现为下伏地层分别为震旦系、寒武系、奥陶系和志留系;加里东运动之后泥盆纪早期的沉积反映出在构造高位区缺失沉积物,为剥蚀区,而在构造高位区的东、西两侧出现了泥盆纪早期的沉积,为坳陷区;接触界面的特征表现为从高角度不整合、低角度不整合至平行不整合;变形变质程度逐渐减弱,下古生界的变质程度从明显至不明显,从紧闭型阿尔卑斯式褶皱至开阔型阿尔卑斯式褶皱。同样,从广西罗城—龙胜向东也具有相同的变化趋势。反映该地区加里东运动的中心位置为广西罗城—龙胜、湖南通道一线,是该地区加里东期造山带的中心,在区域上可能向北东方向沿桃江、景德镇一线延伸,是南华裂谷海槽萎缩、消亡的具体体现。 相似文献