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地震与非地震诱发滑坡的运动特征对比研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
针对不同诱发机制的滑坡运动特征差异,以滑坡的总斜率和阻止系数为评价指标,分析滑坡的总斜率、阻止系数与滑坡规模、总能量的关系,对比研究了地震和非地震滑坡的总斜率、地形阻止系数的特征。研究结果表明：地震与非地震滑坡的规模越大在运动过程中受到的阻止作用越小;地震滑坡和非地震滑坡的总斜率都随滑坡规模和总能量增加而减小,但地震滑坡减小的速率大于非地震滑坡;地震滑坡的平均阻止系数约为0.4～0.5,而非地震滑坡的平均阻止系数约为同规模地震滑坡的40%～50%。因此,滑坡的运动特征不仅受滑坡规模及总能量控制,还显著地受滑坡的诱发机制和地形阻止等因素的影响。 相似文献
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以往的滑坡易发性评价多以全体滑坡为研究对象,忽视了滑坡类型的区别。各评价指标对不同类型滑坡的影响程度不同,也导致指标权重无法精确地反映其对滑坡的影响。为更准确地对滑坡灾害进行空间预测,针对西宁市滑坡特征及发育机理,将全区滑坡分为土质滑坡和岩质滑坡;在野外实际调查的基础上,结合相关性分析,选取坡度、坡向、剖面曲率、平面曲率、工程地质岩组,以及滑坡点距断层、水系、道路的距离远近等8项因素作为滑坡易发性评价指标,并通过滑坡点分布密度和滑坡点相对分布密度,分析各评价指标分别对土质滑坡和岩质滑坡的影响;利用信息量模型,计算各评价指标对两类滑坡的信息量值,利用人工神经网络模型,赋予各评价指标对两类滑坡的权重;最后基于GIS平台利用加权信息量模型对研究区进行易发性评价。通过统计方法和ROC曲线法分别计算滑坡易发性评价成功率,结果表明:评价成功率可达到82.61%和82.30%,与未经滑坡分类的成功率比较,分别提高了10.9%和5.2%;同时,经过滑坡分类后,湟水河两岸地质条件较差的地区转变为滑坡高易发区。 相似文献
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滑坡堵江是滑坡诱发的次生灾害之一,常导致堰塞湖、洪水等次生的灾害链,其根本原因在于滑坡与河流的空间区域小于滑坡运动的距离。如果滑坡的运动未受河流的显著阻止,滑坡的水平运动距离主要受控于滑坡的诱发机制、滑坡体积和滑坡的垂直运动距离。因此,根据未受河流明显阻止的地震和降雨滑坡的水平运动距离与滑坡体积和垂直运动距离的相关性以及预测模型,可对滑坡堵江的危险性进行判别。由此,根据我国西南地区降雨和汶川地震诱发的无明显受阻的滑坡数据,在分析了滑坡等效摩擦系数与体积关系的基础上,分别建立地震和降雨滑坡水平运动距离的预测模型。研究结果表明在不同体积等级滑坡水平运动距离的预测分布图上,地震和降雨诱发的堵江滑坡都明显的偏离其对应的体积曲线,根据建立的经验关系可对滑坡堵江的危险性进行判别。 相似文献
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滑坡危险性定量评估是滑坡风险评估中的关键和难点,也是当前国际风险管理研究中的热点问题.以滑坡密集分布的黑方台南塬为研究区,以32处典型滑坡为研究对象,依据多期三维数字高程模型(DEM),提出了一种基于强度的滑坡危险性定量评估技术方法.根据多期三维地形信息的解译及野外调查,编制多期滑坡分布图,计算滑坡活动的频率.利用GIS技术,利用滑坡体积与速度的乘积计算滑坡强度.将滑坡危险性定义为滑坡频率和滑坡强度的乘积,同时调查和分析了黑方台地区各类承灾体的类型、价值及其在相应滑坡强度下的易损性,在此基础上开展了单体滑坡风险评估和黑方台南塬滑坡风险区划. 相似文献
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大光包滑坡运动特征及其过程分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大光包滑坡是512汶川地震触发的规模最大的滑坡。滑坡的形成机制和运动学特征引起国内外学者的广泛关注。本文基于滑坡体运动-堆积特征的现场调查与分析,对滑坡的运动学特征进行了系统的阐述。为了再现滑坡的破坏和运动过程,应用物理模拟试验方法进行了对比研究。(1)通过对滑坡擦痕、标志性地物、滑坡堆积体植被、坡表块石倾向、滑坡裂缝、以及其他滑坡典型运动特征调查与分析研究,确定了滑坡的滑动方向、滑动距离、运动速度、运动特征值等滑坡运动特征参数,并系统地论述了滑坡扬尘、滑坡气浪、滑坡舌前缘岩性混杂堆积带以及滑坡碎屑流等典型运动-堆积现象的形成机理; (2)滑坡运动过程物理模拟试验表明,大光包滑坡破坏运动过程中存在前缘锁固段岩体剪断迸射、滑坡气浪、滑坡扬尘和急刹车效应等地质现象,且滑坡运动过程具有显著的阶段性; (3)大光包滑坡的运动过程可以概括为以下4个主要阶段,即:快速启动高速滑动急刹车制动拆离滑动。 相似文献
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大型土石混合体滑坡空间效应与稳定性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
土石混合体滑坡是滑坡地质灾害中具有代表性的一类,由于该类滑坡在自然界中分布广泛并且较其他类型的滑坡更为复杂,常常给人类带来巨大的灾难。位于湖北省巴东县长江北岸的周家湾滑坡就属于这一类滑坡,该滑坡是著名的黄蜡石古滑坡群的重要组成部分。周家湾滑坡变形开始于20世纪80年代中期,滑坡导致地面出现张拉裂缝,近几年来变形逐步加剧,目前该滑坡处于蠕滑阶段。周家湾滑坡前缘为石榴树包滑坡的后壁,后缘为响石镐滑坡的坡脚,因此,周家湾滑坡的稳定性对响石镐滑坡及石榴树包滑坡存在着潜在的威胁。运用地质分析、工程地质力学分析等手段,剖析了周家湾滑坡体的地质环境、形态、结构等空间要素及其发育模式,并建立了相应的三维地质体概念模型。通过利用数值模拟技术,对滑坡体的稳定性、变形失稳机制进行了分析研究 相似文献
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不同类型滑坡渐进破坏过程与稳定性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
滑坡的类型一般可分为牵引式滑坡、推移式滑坡和复合式滑坡,根据其滑面的发展形态,依次表现为前进式渐进破坏模式、后退式渐进破坏模式和复合式渐进破坏模式。基于岩土体应变软化特性,揭示了滑坡渐进破坏过程的本质是滑带力学参数弱化的过程,初步探讨了3种类型滑坡渐进破坏过程的远动特点和力学特征和滑坡渐进演化过程。以不平衡推力法和3种类型滑坡的演化特征为基础,提出3种类型滑坡渐进破坏过程中临界状态条块确定方法,通过建立滑坡渐进破坏稳定性计算模型和计算公式,提出滑坡随着渐进演化过程的滑带参数取值方法,并阐述了渐进破坏过程的稳定性计算实现过程,实现不同类型滑坡渐进破坏过程的稳定性分析。以3个典型滑坡为例,分析得出滑坡渐进破坏过程中牵引式滑坡和复合式滑坡稳定性降低速率由大到小再到大和推移式滑坡稳定性降低速率由小到大的过程,3种类型滑坡在渐进破坏过程中不同部位对稳定性的贡献不同,验证了不同类型滑坡的变形规律。研究结论可对不同类型滑坡的稳定性发展进行初步预测和为滑坡治理提供指导意义。 相似文献
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晚更新世以来,特别是全新世以来,黄土高原西北部发育了多期次的滑坡事件。临夏盆地巴谢河流域较好地保留了多期次滑坡的遗存,有研究历史滑坡发育规律的良好素材。文章通过详细的野外调查,初步厘清了滑坡空间分布及新老滑坡相互叠置关系,总结得到本地区滑坡的四种发展类型:压裂型深层黄土-泥岩滑坡、滑移型深层黄土-泥岩滑坡、蠕变型中浅层黄土-泥岩滑坡和塌滑型黄土滑坡。不同时期发育的滑坡在野外呈现明显不同的特征:发育于晚更新世的古滑坡有圈椅状的地形和高陡的后缘陡壁,滑坡堆积体已固结,堆积体表面冲沟发育;发育于全新世早期的老滑坡除了具有圈椅状地形和高陡后壁外,堆积体较为松散,堆积平台形态较为完整;发育于全新世晚期的新滑坡则保留了更多的滑坡特征,可见滑坡后缘和侧缘裂缝。巴谢河流域滑坡大多有多次滑动的迹象,不同期次的滑坡相互重叠,在同一范围发生多次滑动,形成多级滑坡堆积平台。滑坡埋压动植物、滑坡洼地短期水体沉积物等有着明显的滑坡指示意义。通过采集此类样品,利用14C和光释光等测年手段,获取了本地区一系列滑坡事件的年龄。对测年数据进行统计分析,得到巴谢河流域晚更新世以来的五个滑坡高发时段,分别为100~63 kaBP、45.2~41.5 kaBP、33.3~28.2 kaBP、22.5~15.2 kaBP和10.4~0.2 kaBP。以上滑坡高发时段的推断将为认识去环境变迁提供证据。 相似文献
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The October 2005 earthquake triggered several thousand landslides in the Lesser Himalaya of Kashmir in northern Pakistan and
India. Analyses of ASTER satellite imagery from 2001 were compared with a study undertaken in 2005; the results show the extent
and nature of pre- and co-/post-seismic landsliding. Within a designated study area of ~2,250 km2, the number of landslides increased from 369 in 2001 to 2,252 in October 2005. Assuming a balanced baseline landsliding frequency
over the 4 years, most of the new landslides were likely triggered by the 2005 earthquake and its aftershocks. These landslides
mainly happened in specific geologic formations, along faults, rivers and roads, and in shrubland/grassland and agricultural
land. Preliminary results from repeat photographs from 2005 and 2006 after the snowmelt season reveal that much of the ongoing
landsliding occurred along rivers and roads, and the extensive earthquake-induced fissuring. Although the susceptibility zoning
success rate for 2001 was low, many of the co-/post-seismic landsliding in 2005 occurred in areas that had been defined as
being potentially dangerous on the 2001 map. While most of the area in 2001 was (very) highly susceptible to future landsliding,
most of the area in 2005 was only moderate to low susceptible, that is, most of the landsliding in 2005 actually occurred
in the potentially dangerous areas on the 2001 map. This study supports the view that although susceptibility zoning maps
represent a powerful tool in natural hazard management, caution is needed when developing and using such maps. 相似文献
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Tom R. Robinson Tim R. H. Davies Thomas M. Wilson Caroline Orchiston Nicolas Barth 《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2016,10(2):146-163
Coseismic landsliding presents a major hazard to infrastructure in mountains during large earthquakes. This is particularly true for road networks, as historically coseismic landsliding has resulted in road losses larger than those due to ground shaking. Assessing the exposure of current and planned highway links to coseismic landsliding for future earthquake scenarios is therefore vital for disaster risk reduction. This study presents a method to evaluate the exposure of critical infrastructure to landsliding from scenario earthquakes from an underlying quantitative landslide hazard assessment. The method is applied to a proposed new highway link in South Island, New Zealand, for a scenario Alpine Fault earthquake and compared to the current network. Exposure (the likelihood of a network being affected by one or more landslides) is evaluated from a regional-scale coseismic landslide hazard model and assessed on a relative basis from 0 to 1. The results show that the proposed Haast-Hollyford Highway (HHH) would be highly exposed to coseismic landsliding with at least 30–40?km likely to be badly affected (the Simonin Pass route being the worse affected of the two routes). In the current South Island State Highway network, the HHH would be the link most exposed to landsliding and would increase the total network exposure by 50–70% despite increasing the total road length by just 3%. The present work is intended to provide an effective method to assess coseismic landslide hazard of infrastructure in mountains with seismic hazard, and potentially identify mitigation options and critical network segments. 相似文献
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水沟洞滑坡特征及稳定性评价 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
滑坡灾害是影响公路建设的主要不良地质现象之一。本文依据310国道水沟洞滑坡勘查资料,较全面地介绍了水沟洞滑坡特征,并着重从工程地质分析法及力学计算法综合评价了该滑坡的稳定性。并指出滑坡区属抗震危险地段,公路最好绕避。 相似文献
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Yao Jiaming Lan Hengxing Li Langping Cao Yiming Wu Yuming Zhang Yixing Zhou Chaodong 《Landslides》2022,19(3):703-718
The Sichuan-Tibet railway goes across the Upper Jinsha River, along which a large number of large historical landslides have occurred and dammed the river. Therefore, it is of great significance to investigate large potential landslides along the Jinsha River. In this paper, we inspect the deformation characteristics of a rapid landsliding area along the Jinsha River by using multi-temporal remote sensing, and analyzed its future development and risk to the Sichuan-Tibet railway. Surface deformations and damage features between January 2016 and October 2020 were obtained using multi-temporal InSAR and multi-temporal correlations of optical images, respectively. Deformation and failure signs obtained from the field investigation were highly consistent. Results showed that cumulative deformation of the landsliding area is more than 50 cm, and the landsliding area is undergoing an accelerated deformation stage. The external rainfall condition, water level, and water flow rate are important factors controlling the deformation. The increase of rainfall, the rise of water level, and faster flow rate will accelerate the deformation of slope. The geological conditions of the slope itself affect the deformation of landslide. Due to the enrichment of gently dipping gneiss and groundwater, the slope is more likely to slide along the slope. The Jinsha River continuously scours the concave bank of the slope, causing local collapses and forming local free surfaces. Numerical simulation results show that once the landsliding area fails, the landslide body may form a 4-km-long dammed lake, and the water level could rise about 200 m; the historic data shows that landslide dam may burst in 2–8 days after sliding. Therefore, strategies of landslide hazard mitigation in the study area should be particularly made for the coming rainy seasons to mitigate risks from the landsliding area.
相似文献15.
A Luoi is a Vietnamese–Laotian border district situated in the western part of Thua Thien Hue province, central Vietnam, where landslides occur frequently and seriously affect local living conditions. This study focuses on the spatial analysis of landslide susceptibility in this 263-km2 area. To analyze landslide manifestation in the study area, causative factor maps are derived of slope angle, weathering, land use, geomorphology, fault density, geology, drainage distance, elevation, and precipitation. The analytical hierarchical process approach is used to combine these maps for landslide susceptibility mapping. A landslide susceptibility zonation map with four landslide susceptibility classes, i.e. low, moderate, high, and very high susceptibility for landsliding, is derived based on the correspondence with an inventory of observed landslides. The final map indicates that about 37% of the area is very highly susceptible for landsliding and about 22% is highly susceptible, which means that more than half of the area should be considered prone to landsliding. 相似文献
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Rainfall thresholds for the initiation of landslide at Lanta Khola in north Sikkim,India 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
In the Indian Himalaya, a 15 km stretch of the North Sikkim Highway that is exceptionally susceptible to landsliding is characterized
by fine-grained, low permeability debris material. Lanta Khola is one of the major debris slides in this stretch and is active
every year during the monsoons. Although the relationship between rainfall and landsliding in the area is obvious, there is
no previous study of precipitation thresholds for landslide initiation. Review of available rainfall and landslide activity
data for the area between 1998 and 2006 suggests that sliding cannot be modeled by typical exponential relationships between
cumulative rainfall (E) and rainfall duration (D). An alternative rainfall threshold has been proposed that predicts sliding if normalized cumulative rainfall for more than
15 days exceeds 250 mm. It is suggested that when this cumulative rainfall threshold is exceeded, the debris zone in the affected
stretch becomes saturated and fails, causing landsliding. 相似文献
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Scaling and multivariate analysis of medium to large landslide events: Haida Gwaii, British Columbia
Gimbarzevsky (1988) collected an exceptional landsliding inventory for Haida Gwaii, British Columbia that included over 8,000 landsliding vectors
covering an area of approximately 10,000 km2. This database was never published in the referred literature, despite its regional significance. It was collected prior
to widespread application of GIS technologies in landsliding studies, limiting the analyses undertaken at the time. Gimbarzevsky
identified landslides using 1:50,000 aerial photographs, and transferred the information to NTS map sheets. In our study,
we digitized the landslide vectors from these original map sheets and connected each landslide to a digital elevation model.
Lengths of landslide vectors are compared to the landsliding inventory for Haida Gwaii analyzed in Rood (1984), Martin Y et al. BC Can J Earth Sci 39:289–305 (2002); the latter inventory is based on larger-scale aerial photographs (~1:12,000). Rood’s database contains a more complete
record of smaller landslides, while the inventory of Gimbarzevsky provides improved statistical representation of less frequent,
medium to large landslides. It is suggested that combined landslide delineation at different scales could provide a more complete
landslide record. Discriminant analysis was undertaken to assess which of nine predictor variables, chosen on the basis of
mechanical theory, best predict failed versus unfailed locations. Seven of the nine variables were found to be statistically
significant in discriminating amongst failed and unfailed locations. Results show that 81.7% of original grouped cases were
correctly classified. 相似文献
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矿物成分、特征地球化学组分对水在滑带形成中作用的指示意义:以三峡库区大型滑坡为例 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
弄清滑坡滑带抗剪强度降低的根本原因是滑坡形成机理研究和滑坡活动趋势预测的主要内容之一。水是滑带形成过程中导致其抗剪强度衰减的最活跃因素之一。三峡库区两个大型滑坡实例分析显示,滑带及其周围岩土矿物成分、地球化学成分的变化特征指示滑带形成与水-岩(土)物理、化学作用的方式及作用程度,从而证实矿物学、地球化学研究方法和理论是揭示滑带抗剪强度降低内在机理的有效途径之一。三峡库区黄土坡滑坡临江I#崩滑体和泄滩滑坡滑带土及其周围岩土矿物学、主量化学元素的含量变化特征指示:前者滑带形成过程中,滑带部位地下水因大气降水补给、地下水的氧化作用活跃,导致滑带土抗剪强度减低,其主要原因是其中泥灰岩碎屑的水解泥化作用、方解石溶解作用和伊利石向伊-蒙混层矿物的转化作用;后者滑带形成过程中,滑带部位地下水与外界水力联系较差、地下水的还原作用强烈,滑带部位长石化学风化、次生粘土矿物增多,可知由伊利石转化的伊-蒙混层矿物增多是导致滑带土抗剪强度衰减的主要原因。 相似文献
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A major effect of man-induced climate change could be a generally higher frequency and magnitude of extreme climatological
events in Europe. Consequently, the frequency of rainfall-triggered landslides could increase. However, assessment of the
impact of climate change on landsliding is difficult, because on a regional scale, climate change will vary strongly, and
even the sign of change can be opposite. Furthermore, different types of landslides are triggered by different mechanisms.
A potential method for predicting climate change impact on landsliding is to link slope models to climate scenarios obtained
through downscaling General Circulation Models (GCM). Methodologies, possibilities and problems are discussed, as well as
some tentative results for a test site in South-East France.
Received: 25 October 1997 · Accepted: 25 June 1997 相似文献