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1.
为研究山东蒙阴金伯利岩型金刚石晶体中氮片晶的分布特征,采用红外光谱仪对116粒宝石级金刚石晶体样品中的氮片晶进行分析,并采用微分干涉显微镜观察氮片晶在金刚石表面所具有的物理化学性质及其表面微细结构。结果表明,80.2%的金刚石样品中具有氮片晶;在个别浅褐色、八面体金刚石样品{111}面上观察到平行于[100]晶带方向的长条状蚀像,这些蚀像相互平行,大小不等。显微红外光谱对具长条状蚀像的金刚石样品{111}面的测试结果表明,该类晶体均具有较强的氮片晶的吸收峰（1359~1375cm-1）。综合浅褐色、八面体金刚石样品的红外光谱及其表面微形貌特征,推测长条状蚀像是由氮片晶的出露点受优先选择性腐蚀而致。 相似文献
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用微波辐射法制备了邻二氮杂菲银/蒙脱石抗菌复合物。以X射线光电子能谱(XPS)及热重分析(TG/DTG)对抗菌复合物及其热处理产物的表面特性及热稳定性进行探讨。结果表明:邻二氮杂菲银络离子插入到蒙脱石层间后,层间水含量减少。样品表面的银以邻二氮杂菲银络合物的状态存在,煅烧温度低于或等于200℃时,邻二氮杂菲银络合物没有发生分解;当煅烧温度到达300℃时,邻二氮杂菲银络合物开始分解产生新的物质Ag2O;当煅烧温度到达400℃时,样品表面开始有银粒子产生,随着温度的增加,银粒子的粒径不断增加。 相似文献
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天然含钒金红石样品经过1273K加热、淬火和高能电子辐照处理后性质发生不同程度的变化。XRD谱峰显示处理前后样品没有发生物相变化，显微IR图谱证明原样、加热、淬火样品的表面有少量吸附水存在，而辐射样品的显微IR图谱上没有检测到吸附水的吸收峰。用XPS分析比较了处理前后样品表面主要元素Ti、O和V的价态及含量，结果表明，原样经过处理后表面钒和氧的原子百分含量增加，其中淬火样品表面吸附水和钒的含量相对于原样增加最为明显，光催化活性相应较高；加热样品表面的吸附水和钒的含量比原样稍有增加，光催化活性与原样相当；电子辐射样品表面钒的原子百分含量相对原样增加不明显，而对水的吸附能力相对原样较低，光催化效率也略低。 相似文献
4.
利用氮同位素技术识别石家庄市地下水硝酸盐污染源 总被引：36，自引：2，他引：36
地下水NO－ 3污染是石家庄市地下水管理面临的一个主要问题。本次研究通过地下水及其潜在补给源的氮同位素和水化学调查，确定和识别石家庄市地下水NO－ 3污染程度和污染源。地下水中的无机氮化合物主要以NO－ 3形式存在，浓度变化在 2．65～152．1 m g／L之间，均值为（54．88± 31）m g／L（ n＝44），48％的样品浓度超过国际饮水标准（50 m g／L）。地下水样品的NO－ 3－ 15 N值域＋4．53‰～＋25．36‰，均值＋9．94‰±4．40‰（ n＝34）。34个样品中，22个样品（65％）的氮同位素值大于＋8‰；与1991年相比，氮同位素组成指示地下水NO－ 3的主要来源已由当时矿化的土壤有机氮变为现在的动物粪便或污水；结合Cl－分析，南部地下水NO－3还受到东明渠污水的影响。其余12个样品（35％）的氮同位素值变化在＋4‰～＋8‰之间，其中 15 N值较大的（＋6‰～＋8‰）指示来自土壤有机氮，较小的（＋4‰～＋6‰）指示来自氨挥发较弱、快速入渗的化肥厂污水。根据上述研究结果，提出了改善石家庄市地下水管理的措施。 相似文献
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研究了在表面活性剂胶束增溶增敏下，以邻菲罗啉为活化剂，痕量铁催化抗坏血酸还原２－羟基－４－溴苯基氮氨基偶氮苯的褪色反应及动力学条件，探讨了反应机理，建立了高选择性测定痕量铁的新方法，本法线性范围０－０．０３２μｇ／ｍｌ，检出限为８．７×１０＾－１０ｇ／ｍｌ。已用于人发等样品中痕量铁的测定。 相似文献
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针对磨制样品十分细小和较薄等特点，采用如下三个步骤磨制：①以加热过的细小样品为中心创建一磨制平面；②将样品周围的岩石薄块磨至接近细小样品的相同厚度；③在抛光机上抛光，使包裹体完全露出表面。文中还介绍了样品磨毛后观察其中包裹体的方法以及包裹体完全磨出表面后的若干识别标志。 相似文献
7.
寒冻条件下花岗岩小块体的风化模拟实验及其分析 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
５０ｍｍ×５０ｍｍ×５０ｍｍ的一些小花岗岩块体被单轴挤压使之表面出现裂隙，然后分别预处理成干燥、水饱和与硫酸钠溶液饱和的３组样品，使之经历不同温度变幅下的冻融过程。在冻融过程中，分别记录了样品表面、表面下１０ｍｍ及２５ｍｍ处的温度变化，同时在实验前后，对所有样品都进行了超声波传输速率测定和重量测定。实验结果表明，这些小的花岗岩块体表面与内部的温度变化没有明显差异，其温度变化随外界温度而变化，但在外界温度变幅整体低于０℃时，岩石温度逐渐趋于稳定。样品在实验前后的重量变化很小，但是仍能反映最大的变化发生在水饱和的一组样品中。所有样品在实验后的超声波传输速率都明显下降，特别是在垂直于微裂隙的方向，超声波传输速率下降大于平均下降幅度，表明冻融过程中岩石内部的孔隙可能增大而微裂隙具有明显的加剧作用。 相似文献
8.
目前观点认为，自然生态条件下的非固氮植物-土壤体系中，根据分解供给是土壤中氮的主要来源。研究植物-土壤体系中氮素的分布转化规律是评估土壤中氮素有效性的重要基础。笔者选取黄土高原这一典型西北生境中植物-土壤样品，通过测定样品氮含量与同位素自然丰度组成变化，来说明不同粒级土壤中氮素的分解水平与潜力。
结果表明，植物在分解过程中氮同位素产生3‰-5‰不等的分馏，在粒级由大到小变化的土壤组份中，随着可分解氮素的减少，土壤总氮同位素比值表现不同程度的偏正趋势，并于小粒级中趋于稳定，这与含量测量中表现出的矿化氮含量增加规律一致。氮的同位素自然丰度组成对于植物分解程度的灵敏响应，使其可以作为一种指示植物-土壤体系中氮素转化程度与趋势以及评估土壤中氮的有效性的指标，应用于自然生态研究。 相似文献
9.
程美贞 《华北地质矿产杂志》1996,11(2):311-312
紫外分光光度法测定水中硝酸盐氮方法改进程美贞（山西省环境监测中心站）笔者对用紫外法测定水中硝酸盐氮法进行了改进，并做了一些条件实验进行探索。１方法的改进原方法用２００ｍｌ容量瓶绘制标准曲线和样品测定体积过大，准确度较差，而且操作复杂，所以将２００Ｙｎ... 相似文献
10.
水是生命活动的基础,也是天体演化的重要部分。月球一直被认为是"无水"星体,但这一观点被最新的研究成果推翻。月球遥感红外光谱和Apollo样品分析结果均证实了月球表面能通过太阳风质子与月壤矿物相互作用来产生OH甚至是H2O。为探讨其反应过程,相关理论分析和离子注入模拟实验等研究已逐步开展。但是,目前对于太阳风成因水的成因机制,形成时的影响因素,产生后在月表的赋存、迁移和保留机制仍缺乏系统研究。针对这些问题,未来立足于嫦娥五号样品分析,建立月球表面太阳风成因水的形成和迁移运动的模型将会是推进月球水研究的重要部分。这不仅能为月球水资源开发利用提供线索,还可能为太阳系内其他无大气类地行星水来源和演化研究提供参考。正北京100049;3.中国科学院太空制造技术重点实验室,北京100094;4.中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室,贵州贵阳550081) 相似文献
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按硅粉的1％，5％，6％，10％将铌粉加入硅粉中，用“液硅渗透法”制备出四种掺铌硅化石墨样品。力学性能测试结果表明：6％铌掺杂增强效果最好，可使硅化石墨抗折、抗拉强度达178．5MPa,94.2%MPa,XRD、SEM、EPMA测试分析表明铌掺杂增强硅化石墨的机理是：碳化铌相的生成使原材料平直表面界面锯齿化，并平衡晶界附近不饱和价键，降低了晶界能；同时掺杂行为使晶粒细化，晶粒尺寸减小、气孔均匀分布，从而减弱应力集中，抑制裂纹扩展，提高材料强度。铌掺杂硅化石墨是改善材料性能的有效方式。 相似文献
13.
玄武岩纤维（BFRP）锚杆具有抗拉强度高、耐腐蚀性能好等优点,是岩土锚固结构中钢筋的良好替代品,近年颇受业界关注。通过在黄土地层中开展4组?25 mm BFRP锚杆和钢锚杆的现场拉拔试验,初步研究两种材质锚杆的破坏模式和锚固性能差异。研究结果表明：对于诸如?25 mm类较大直径土层锚杆,拉拔过程中锚固体系的灌浆体内外界面破坏迹象共存,但最终破坏模式受控于灌浆体与土层界面（第二界面）,且BFRP锚杆与砂浆内界面（第一界面）破坏程度明显高于钢锚杆;两种材质锚杆的极限承载力相近,界面黏结强度均随锚固长度的增大而减小;受两种材质锚杆本身的加工工艺和材料力学性能影响,试验中钢锚杆与灌浆体的黏结性能优于BFRP锚杆;相同荷载水平,相同位置处,BFRP锚杆杆体轴力大于钢锚杆,轴力衰减速率略小于钢锚杆;峰值剪应力BFRP锚杆小于钢锚杆。 相似文献
14.
加锚岩石抗弯特性试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用煤层顶板岩石作为加锚基体,用钢丝模拟锚杆,薄钢片模拟钢带,对加锚体进行了三点弯试验,并与常规试件进行对比分析。结果表明,因岩石抗压与抗拉性能的差异,试件在弯曲过程中,下表面拉应变的增长速度大于上表面压应变的增长速度,裂纹最先在下表面产生并逐渐向上发展。加锚试件,因锚杆改善了锚固区域岩石的力学性能,且钢带与锚杆共同承担了一定的拉应力,锚固试件抗弯能力有所增强。试件截面应力状态可以结合破坏过程分为3个阶段,第1阶段为弹性阶段;第2阶段为裂纹产生与扩展阶段,岩石承载能力逐渐劣化,拉应力逐渐向钢带转移,岩石裂纹发展受限,试件抗弯能力有较大提升;第3阶段为破坏阶段,锚杆失黏,挠度持续增加而试件承载能力趋于稳定。 相似文献
15.
为研究钢管抗滑短桩加固滑坡体的受力特性,在中国地质调查局地质灾害防治技术中心完成了4组不同桩长的钢管抗滑短桩加固碎石土滑坡的室内物理模型试验。测试堆载施加的滑坡推力作用下桩后、前土压力和桩身应变,观察滑体前缘变形破坏形态,分析滑坡推力、桩前土体抗力和桩身弯矩的分布规律试验。结果表明,滑坡推力的分布和桩前土体抗力和桩身弯矩是“S”型分布,确定了抗滑短桩的危险截面。对比分析桩长变化钢管抗滑短桩的受力特性,初步拟定钢管短桩能发挥抗滑效果的桩长下限值,即钢管抗滑短桩位于滑体中的长度应不小于滑体厚度的2/3。 相似文献
16.
W. Shi H. Li G. Liao G. Pei Y. Lin 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2018,15(11):2337-2348
Arsenic in groundwater is a serious environmental problem. The contamination of groundwater with arsenic has been of utmost concern worldwide. Steel slag is a solid waste generated from steel production. Although steel slags have been used for arsenic removal from water, this process has not been systematically or integratively researched. In this study, the arsenic removal capacity and mechanism were investigated for carbon steel slag, stainless steel slag and Fe-modified stainless steel slag based on an in-depth study. The study also evaluated the potential utilization of different steel slag for regeneration. The maximum adsorption of arsenic on carbon steel slag, stainless steel slag and Fe-modified stainless steel slag was 12.20, 3.17 and 12.82 mg g?1 at 25 °C, respectively. The modification of stainless steel slag by FeC13 can generate more pore structures and larger surface areas, and 300 °C treatment produces the best regeneration efficiency. The ΔG values were negative for all of the steel slags, indicating the spontaneous nature of the adsorption process. The solution pH was a critical parameter for the removal of arsenic for steel slags. Under highly alkaline solution conditions, the mechanism of arsenic removal by carbon steel slag and stainless steel slag can be attributed to chemisorption, including chemical precipitation and coordination reactions, and under weakly alkaline solution conditions, electrostatic interaction and specific adsorption are the arsenic removal mechanisms by Fe-modified stainless steel slag. Regeneration of the Fe-modified stainless steel slag was better achieved than that of the other steel slags in the application of high-temperature treatment. 相似文献
17.
The use of steel slag fines has been fully investigated and developed as it has similar chemical composition and mineralogy to that of Portland cement. Researchers from home and abroad have done lots of research on steel slag, such as its production, processing, properties, mechanical behavior, cementitious property and so on. This paper describes influence of water content on mechanical properties of improved clayey soil using steel slag and a series of tri-axial compression tests are carried out to study the influence of water content to the admixture of clayey soils and steel slag. Through the test data statistics and analysis, the basic rules of the mechanical properties of these mixed soils were gotten, especially, the optimum steel slag and water content. Through tri-axial compression tests, there are several kinds of specimen failure forms in different conditions of steel slag and water content. The stiffness of steel slag is larger than clayey soil, so the specimen with steel slag would break with an oblique angle whereas the clayey soil specimen would be compressed. Drawn from the experiment, while water content increases, cohesion c increases and internal friction angel φ decreases; however, in general, the maximum stress difference firstly increases, and then decreases. Under the same water content, with the curing period and steel slag content increase, cohesion c increases, internal friction angel φ decreases, however, the stress difference increases. By analyzing the specimen failure forms and the relations of stress difference and axial strain, the relations between stress difference max (σ1 ? σ3) and steel slag content and relations between the secant modulus E50 and steel slag content are gotten. It is concluded that when the water content is about 18 % and steel slag content is about 30 %, the stress difference and secant modulus E50 is larger than other cases. Therefore, in soft soil foundation treatment, such steel slag and water content could be chosen in order that the soil strength would be improved. So, judging from the results, the foundation settlement will be reduced by mixing appropriate steel slag and water content. 相似文献
18.
Electrochemical aspects of grinding media-mineral interactions in magnetite ore grinding are illustrated from the viewpoint of corrosive wear of grinding balls and changes in the surface properties of the ground minerals. The corrosive wear of mild steel and HCLA steel was found to be small in contact with magnetite, while the combined presence of pyrrhotite and oxygen accelerated the corrosion of the above ball materials. Austenitic stainless steel exhibited passive behavior under all the above conditions. Galvanic coupling of mild steel with magnetite or pyrrhotite resulted in the formation of a surface reaction product consisting of iron hydroxide species on the mineral. 相似文献
19.
Experimental and numerical studies on and sand–steel interfaces are presented. Emphasis is laid on the effect of boundary conditions of the whole system and of localized deformation. The experiments with different roughness of steel surface, sand density, normal stress and grain size are carried out in a plane strain apparatus, a parallely guided direct shear apparatus and in a planar silo model with a movable bottom and parallel steel walls. During the test in the plane strain apparatus the localized zone is observed with the help of X-rays. The results indicate a significant effect of wall roughness and boundary conditions of the whole system on the wall friction angle and the thickness of the localized zone along the steel surface. An elastoplastic constitutive model established within the framework of a Cosserat continuum, capable of describing isotropic hardening, softening and dilatancy, is implemented in a finite element code. The model differs from the conventional theory of plasticity due to the presence of Cosserat rotation and couple stress using the mean grain diameter as the characteristic length. Finite element simulations of simple shear tests are presented. The additional boundary condition along the steel plate, characteristic of the Cosserat continuum, allows for modelling the different roughness of the steel plate with consideration of grain rotations. A comparison between the numerical calculations and the experimental results shows acceptable agreement. 相似文献
20.
P. Mitra P. Banerjee D. Sarkar S. Chakrabarti 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2014,11(2):449-460
The present study aims at searching the potential of commercial grade steel wool in reducing hexavalent chromium in aqueous phase under batch mode. About 30 % of the initial hexavalent chromium was found to reduce within 2 h at a pH of 3. However, on testing the combined effects of different process parameters, namely the solution pH, wool loading, etc., the optimum batch parametric condition has been fixed. A moving boundary type kinetic model, which takes into account the effect of passivation along with the direct reduction mechanism to simulate the gross uptake profile of Cr(VI) from the bulk solution is proposed. The effective pore diffusivity of Cr(VI) in commercial steel wool was determined by a suitable global optimization technique. Additionally, the model is also capable to simulate the decline of active external surface area of the wool caused by passivation with time. A good match of the experimental data and model-simulated transient bulk concentration of Cr(VI) (under optimum parametric condition only) establishes the general validity of the proposed model. 相似文献