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通过对埃塞俄比亚地层、构造、岩浆岩及矿产分布与特征的研究,初步认为：①埃塞俄比亚的地质研究程度普遍偏低,尤其基础地质及其成矿作用和成矿规律方面急需开展重点研究。②地层单元可划分为3类,分别为前寒武纪基底岩系、晚古生代—中生代沉积岩系和第三纪—第四纪火山岩沉积岩系,大地构造位于＂泛非构造带＂中的东非造山带,多期次构造岩浆活动强烈。③前寒武纪变质岩区主要矿产为金、铂、稀有金属、镍、铜、铁、铬、高岭土、长石、黏土、石棉、滑石、大理岩、花岗岩等;中生代沉积岩区主要有石灰岩、砂岩、石膏、黏土、油气资源等;新生代火山岩沉积岩区主要有褐煤、蛋白石、油页岩、红土型铁矿、斑脱土、黏土矿、珍珠岩、硅藻土、钾盐、石盐、油气及地热资源等。 相似文献
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流域上游基岩与下游冲积平原土壤化学组成的对比 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对海河水系流域、鄱阳湖水系流域上游的基岩与下游的冲积平原土壤之间化学组成的对比研究显示,下游冲积物土壤的化学组成明显地受源岩成分、形成过程和形成环境的影响。流域上游基岩的一些特征元素在冲积物土壤中被明显地继承,如海河流域基岩和土壤中的CO2、CaO、MgO、FeO、Sr,鄱阳湖流域基岩和土壤中的W、Sn、Bi、U、Th、Pb、Rb、Tl、As、Sb、Se、Hg、Nb、Ta、Hf、B、Be、Ge、Pt、Pd、Y。受形成过程和形成环境的影响,处于暖温带半湿润季风气候下的海河流域冲积平原土壤以极富集CO2、CaO、Na2O、Cl,显著富集MgO、FeO、Sr,富集P、S为特征;而处于亚热带湿润季风气候下的鄱阳湖流域冲积平原土壤则以显著富集Hg、Se和富集Al2O3、Fe2O3H2O^＋、W、Sn、Bi、Mo、U、Th、Pb、Rb、Cs、Tl、Li、Be、B、Ga、Ge、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、As、Sb、Co、Cr、Ti、V、Zn、Pt、Pd、REE、Y为特征。无论是海河流域还是鄱阳湖流域的冲积平原土壤,均富集As、Sb、Hg、B、Cl、W、Sn、Bi、Pb、Se、Ge、Li、Cs、Cu、Au、Fe2O3、V、Cr、Ni、Zr、Hf、Y。 相似文献
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对青岛莱西中华寿桃产地的岩土地球化学特征进行了系统研究,结果表明,该地区花岗岩的K2O、Na2O,基性岩的B,透辉岩的MgO、CaO,变粒岩中的Mn、N、P含量较高,与其对应的土壤具有相似的地球化学差异.桃树生长所需营养元素在不同岩性的土壤中含量相差较大,透辉岩、基性岩中的Ca、Mg、Mn、N、P,变粒岩中的N、P、Fe、B含量丰富,而面积较广的花岗岩土壤中营养元素较为贫乏.桃园土壤有效态N、P等主要营养元素含量较高,B、Mn、Mo、Fe等微量及有机质含量偏低.建议在保证N、P、K施用充足的条件下,增加B、Mn、Mo、Fe、Ca、Mg等微肥及有机肥的施用. 相似文献
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广东中生代与壳幔岩浆活动有关的成矿作用十分强烈,多期成矿作用明显.在前人工作的基础上,根据矿床的成矿时代、成矿地质构造环境、主要成矿作用及形成的矿床组合,将中生代与岩浆作用有关的矿床厘定为6个矿床成矿系列：1）云开与印支期岩浆活动有关的铌、钽、磷、铁矿床成矿系列;2）粤北与燕山期花岗岩有关的有色金属、稀有金属、贵金属、非金属、铀矿床成矿系列;3）深大断裂带与燕山期基性-中酸性侵入岩有关的铜、铅、锌、金、铁、钼、钨、水晶、砷、硫铁、钒、钛矿床成矿系列;4）深变质带与区域变质、动力变质及燕山期花岗岩类有关的金、银矿床成矿系列;5）沿海与燕山期火山-侵入活动有关的铁、铜、金、银、铅、锌、钨、锡、钼、铌、钽、硫铁、水晶、萤石、叶蜡石、重晶石矿床成矿系列;6）阳春-罗定与燕山晚期壳源花岗岩类侵入活动有关的锡、钨、钼、铜、铁、铅、锌、银矿床成矿系列.论述了各成矿系列的基本特征,并对成矿系列形成的构造背景和成矿作用的时空分布及演化规律进行了探讨. 相似文献
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《中国勘察设计》2014,(2)
正苏州市市政工程设计院有限责任公司成立于1983年,从事工程设计、规划、咨询、勘察等服务,是拥有市政(给水、排水、道路、桥梁、城市隧道、燃气、环境工程)、水利、公路、轨道交通、地下空间开发、规划、建筑、城市景观、照明、雕塑、咨询、岩土、测量、勘察等专业的大型综合类甲级设计企业。下设"市政交通设计院、建筑规划设计院、景观园林设计院、勘察及岩土工程设计院"四大专业设计院,并在全国各地设立众多分支机构开展勘察设计业务。该公司专注于城市建设的设计咨询服务;不断追求专业素养、文化内涵和服务品质有机融合,公司业务涵盖众多专业领域,拥有先进、齐全的技术装备和大量高素质专业技术人才,拥有较强的技术优势和骄人业绩。近几年来,该公司抓住机遇,不断开拓,完成了大量高水准的市政工程、公路交通工程、建筑工程、景观工程勘察设计及咨询任务。 相似文献
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Philip J. Potts Peter C. Webb Michael Thompson 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2013,37(4):403-416
Data reported by laboratories contributing to the GeoPT proficiency testing programme for geochemical laboratories over the period from 2001 to 2011 have been assessed to identify the elements and concentration ranges over which analytical performance can be considered satisfactory. Criteria developed in the paper indicated that performance in the content determination of the elements/constituents SiO2, Al2O3, MnO, Cs, Dy, Er, Eu, Ga, Hf, Ho, Lu, Nd, Pr, Sm, Sr, Tb, Tl, Tm, U, Y, Yb and Zn was satisfactory over the full concentration range assessed. The elements/constituents TiO2, Fe2O3(T), MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O, P2O5, Ba, Be, Cd, Ce, Co, Gd, La, Li, Nb, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sn, Ta, Th, V and Zr showed some degradation in performance at lower concentration levels (approaching the detection limit of some techniques). Performance in determining LOI, As, Bi, Cr, Cu, Ge, Mo, Ni, Pb and W was in general unsatisfactory over the full concentration range assessed. Other elements (especially Fe(II)O, H2O+, CO2, Ag, Au, B, Br, Cl, F, Hg, I, In, Ir, N, Os, Pd, Pt, Re, Rh, S, Se, Te) could not be evaluated as they were not routinely reported by laboratories participating in the GeoPT programme, often because they are present in silicate rocks at sufficiently low concentrations to require a pre‐concentration stage. Some suggestions are made for the causes of unsatisfactory performance, but further progress will require a detailed assessment of the methods used by participating laboratories, which will form the subject of a further paper. 相似文献
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Christopher J. Duffin Jane P. Davidson 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2011,122(1):7-15
The diabolical and supernatural folklore traditions of geology are examined systematically for the first time. The following have all been suggested explanations for fossil remains: Devil's footprints, bones, toenails, fingers, thumbs, buttons, money and ninepins; Hobgoblin's claws; Fairy's fingers, heads, faces, hearts, beads, causeways, saltcellars, bottles, weights, money and loaves; elf arrows; witches’ beads and tongues. Twinned staurolite crystals have been called Fairy crosses. 相似文献
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The Ilgin lignite field can be subdivided into the Haramiköy and Kurugöl areas which are separated by an area of basement and a fault. The lignite-bearing sequence consists mainly of fluvial and lacustrine Neogene deposits. The Ilgin lignite, averaging 8 m (up to 25 m) thick, is blackish brown and dark brown in colour. The lignite contains abundant brown wood, plant remains and white gastropod shells. Samples have an average of 38.9% moisture on an as-received basis and a mean of 3.9% total sulphur on an air-dried basis. Geochemical analysis, using an ICP-MS, was undertaken. Thirteen lignite core samples from three boreholes drilled in the Kurugöl area were ashed at 750°C. The average trace element contents of the lignite show a higher concentration of U (average 43 ppm) when compared to the range for most coals in the world, while the others (Ti, P, Sc, Be, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Cs, Ba, Y, Ta, W, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu) agree with the global ranges. The Ilgin lignite is identified as of Middle Miocene (Middle Serravallian) age and occurs within lacustrine sediments deposited under subtropical climatic conditions. 相似文献
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贵阳花溪下三叠统大冶组中富产遗迹化石,产出18个遗迹属:Beaconichnus,Circulichnis,Cosmorhaphe,Dendrohaphe,Glockerichnus,Gyrochorte,Gordia,Maeandropolydora,Micatuba,Mammillichnis,Megagrapton,Planolites,Palaeophycus,Phycodes,Phycosiphon,Rhizocorallium,Thalassinoides和Undichna。自下而上可识别出三个遗迹组构,分别为Phycodes、Phycosiphon Mammillichnis和Thalassinoidess遗迹组构。根据遗迹化石各属种分布,大冶组自下而上出现四个遗迹相:Cruziana遗迹相、Zoophycoss遗迹相、Nereites遗迹相和Cruziana遗迹相。结合遗迹组构,对大冶组的沉积环境进行了讨论,Phycodes组构属于Cruziana相,指示浅水环境;Phycosiphon Mammillichnis组构属于Zoophycos遗迹相—Nereites遗迹相,代表台缘下斜坡半深海低能环境;Thalassinoides组构属于Cruziana相,指示早三叠世印度期末的浅水高能环境。 相似文献
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Bhaskar Chandra ACHARYA Prasanta Kumar PANIGRAHY Binod Bihari NAYAK Rama Krishna SAHOO 《Resource Geology》1998,48(2):125-136
Abstract: Ilmenite, hematite, garnet, monazite, zircon, rutile, magnetite, sillimanite, pyroxene and amphibole from the beach sands of Ekakula, Gahiramatha coast, Orissa, India are reported here for the first time. Their total concentration varies from 26. 4 to 100%. Ilmenite, monazite and zircon are between 100 and 300 um in size and are well rounded in shape. Ilmenite-hematite intergrowth is common. Ilmenite has 50. 02–54. 73% TiO2 , 42. 42–46. 90% FeO (total Fe) and small amounts of Al, Mn, Mg, Ca, Ba, Si, V, Cr, and Zn. The bulk samples contain 10. 63–41. 42 % TiO2 , 6. 15–26. 07 % FeO, 5. 86–16. 75 % Fe2 O3 , 7. 41–61. 74 % SiO2 , 1. 39–12. 83% A12 O3 , 0. 32–4. 97% CaO, 0. 53–4. 24% P2 O5 , 0. 17–3. 27% MgO, 0. 15–2. 97% Na2 O, 0. 07–2. 34% K2 O, and 0. 05–0. 71% V2 O5 together with appreciable amounts of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Y, U, Th, Zr, and trace amounts of Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, and Cr. Khondalite, charnockite, calc-silicate granulite, leptynite, migmatite, gneiss, basic granulite and pegmatite of the Eastern Ghats appear to be the major source for the above heavy mineral assemblages. The samples are amenable to gravity and magnetic methods of beneficiation. 相似文献
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Tectono-geochemical samples were systematically collected from 5 drillcores along the No. 304 explora-tion line and at the -310 m level under the pit in the mining area, totalling 705 samples from the metamorphic rocks, granites, altered rocks and orebodies, and were determined for their contents of 20 kinds of elements including Au, Ag, As, Sb, Hg, Cu,,Pb, Zn, Sn, Bi, Mo, Co, Ni, Mn, Cr, V, Ti, Ba, Rb, Sr, etc. By using the Surfer software the geochemical exploration line profile maps for the 20 kinds of elements and the curves for the element geochemical contents of individual ore vein groups were established. In conbination with the geochemical map analytical method and Gregorian’s zoning index calculation method, the vertical, longitudinal and lateral zonation sequences of the elements were ascertained and the geochemical three-dimentional zonation model of the primary halos was estab-lished on the basis of the analysis of metallogenic structures and alteration zonation. Coupled with the results of analysis of the geology and geochemistry data, it may be concluded that the process of alteration of granites in the mining area is also accompanied with the process of gold enrichment and mineralization. With the intensification of alteration of granites from granite →potash feldspathization granite →sericite-quartz alteration granite, seric-ite-quartz rocks →beresitized granite, pyrite sericite-quartz rock, silicified granite →gold ore, the contents of thio-phile ore-forming elements such as Au, Ag, As, Cu, Bi, Mo, Pb, Sb, Hg, and Sn tended to increase. Factor analysis of trace elements indicated: factor F2 (Au, Ag, Cu, Sn, As) represents the element association brought in at the main stage of hydrothermal metallogenesis; factor F4 (Bi, Sb) and factor F5 (Pb, Zn) represent the ore-forming element association supperposed during the late stage of Au-bearing sulfides. By using the Gregorian’s zoning index and map analysis method we have ascertained the primary halo axial zonation sequence (form frontal halo →tail halo): Pb, Zn, Mn, Ba, Sr, Rb, As, Sb, Ag, Cu, Sn, Mo, Au, Bi, Hg, Ti, Cr, V, Ni, and Co. The geochemical anomalies in the mining area display a tendency of lateral plunging to WS, which is consistent with the lateral plunging of orebodies and mineralization alteration zone. Comprehensive analysis of the results of investigations on ore-controlling structures, mineralization-alteration zonation and geochemical zonation of the primary halos indicates that the gold orebodies in this area are still of greater extension. 相似文献
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Saday Azadoglu ALIYEV Ali SARI Bahadir KTEN Ankara University Faculty of Engineering Department of Geological Engineering Tandogan Ankara Turkey 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(6)
Concentrations of some heavy metals and trace elements such as Cr,Ga,Ni,Zn,Mo,Cu, Pb,Yb,Y,Nb,Ti,Sr,Ba,Mn,Sc,Co,V,Zr,Fe,Al,W,Se,Bi,Sb,As,Cd in recent mollusk shells and factors affecting their distribution and deposits collected from various depths in the southern and southwestern parts of the Marmara Sea are investigated.The distribution of the elements in the shells is categorized into four groups.Of these,concentrations of 12 elements(As,Bi,Cd,Co,Ga,Mo,Nb, Sb,Se,Sc,W and Yb)are below zero [(0.053-0.79)×10~(-6)];concentrations of seven elements(Cr,Ni, Pb,V,Y,Zr and Cu)are(1.0-6.0)×10~(-6);concentrations of four elements(Ti,Mn,Ba and Zn)are 10- 20×10~(-6);and concentrations of five elements(Si,Al,Fe,Mg and Sr)are(47.44-268.11)×10~(-6).The taxonomic characteristics of the 29 elements were studied separately in mollusk shells such as Chamalea gallina(Linné),Pitar-rudis(Poll),Nassarius reticulatus(Linné),Venerupis senescens (Coocconi),Mytilus galloprovincialis(Lamarck),Mytilaster lineatus(Gemelin in Linné)and Chlamys glabra.It was found that,in mollusk taxonomy,the elements have unique values.In other words, element concentrations in various mollusk shells depend mainly on the taxonomic characteristics of mollusks.In various bionomic environments different element distributions of the same species are attributed to the different geochemical characters of the each environment.Data obtained in this study indicate that the organisms are the most active and deterministic factors of the environment. 相似文献
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Concentrations of some heavy metals and trace elements such as Cr, Ga, Ni, Zn, Mo, Cu, Pb, Yb, Y, Nb, Ti, Sr, Ba, Mn, Sc, Co, V, Zr, Fe, Al, W, Se, Bi, Sb, As, Cd in recent mollusk shells and factors affecting their distribution and deposits collected from various depths in the southern and southwestern parts of the Marmara Sea are investigated. The distribution of the elements in the shells is categorized into four groups. Of these, concentrations of 12 elements （As, Bi, Cd, Co, Ga, Mo, Nb, Sb, Se, Sc, W and Yb） are below zero [（0.053-0.79）×10^-6]; concentrations of seven elements （Cr, Ni, Pb, V, Y, Zr and Cu） are （1.0-6.0）×10^-6; concentrations of four elements （Ti, Mn, Ba and Zn） are 10- 20×10^-6; and concentrations of five elements （Si, Al, Fe, Mg and Sr） are （47.44-268.11）×10^-6. The taxonomic characteristics of the 29 elements were studied separately in mollusk shells such as Chamalea gallina （Linn6）, Pitar rudis （Poli）, Nassarius reticulatus （Linn6）, Venerupis senescens （Coocconi）, Mytilus galloprovincialis （Lamarck）, Mytilaster lineatus （Gemelin in Linne） and Chlamys glabra. It was found that, in mollusk taxonomy, the elements have unique values. In other words, element concentrations in various mollusk shells depend mainly on the taxonomic characteristics of mollusks. In various bionomic environments different element distributions of the same species are attributed to the different geochemical characters of the each environment. Data obtained in this study indicate that the organisms are the most active and deterministic factors of the environment. 相似文献
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中国煤中的九种金属元素 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
在煤的加工利用过程中,煤中金属元素进入大气、水体和土壤,以致污染环境,这是人们关心的事。本文将介绍镉、钴、铬、铜、锰、钼、镍、铅、锌等九种元素在我国煤中的分布和赋存情况。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地盒8段发现并探明了一批目前中国内陆最大的致密砂岩气田（藏）,该致密砂岩气田的储层岩性主要为 一套“低长石、低杂基、高成分成熟度”的石英砂岩,储集空间类型以多类型的次生溶蚀孔隙为主。针对盒8段致密砂岩 次生孔隙的成因机理,本文在大量薄片观察、扫描电镜、场发射、CT扫描分析的基础上,开展了高温高压条件下真实岩心 的酸溶模拟实验,实验样品为鄂尔多斯盆地石盒子组绿灰色中粗粒含凝灰质长石石英砂岩、绿灰色中粗粒含凝灰质长石岩 屑砂岩、灰色中粗粒含凝灰质岩屑石英砂岩和灰色中粗粒含凝灰质石英砂岩等4种不同类型的砂岩岩心,采用地层水中普 遍存在的乙酸配置成0.5mol/L的反应介质,选用2mL/min流速,动态溶蚀100h后,不同类型砂岩的次生孔隙显著增加, 物性明显改善,通过对不同岩性实验前后样品的同位扫描、水-岩反应速度、离子浓度等测定分析,发现盒8段致密砂岩储 层次生孔隙的成因主要为凝灰质、长石等铝硅酸矿物和碳酸盐矿物的溶蚀,探讨了实验样品中不同矿物的溶蚀序列,凝灰 质、碳酸盐矿物主要在低温条件下发生溶蚀蚀变,高温条件下主要为长石的溶蚀。揭示凝灰质、碳酸盐岩、长石等矿物溶 蚀、次生孔隙形成、新生矿物的发育机理,结合埋藏史、热史分析,建立了盒8段致密砂岩储层埋藏-成岩-孔隙演化模 式,明确了鄂尔多斯盆地盒8段石英砂岩次生孔隙的成因机理。 相似文献