共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
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年轻地下水测年最新技术——SF6法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
SF6是一种无色、无嗅、无毒、不易燃的惰性气体,具有良好的绝缘性、灭弧性和散热性,广泛用于断路器和变压器的绝缘材料。电器设备的泄漏使得大气中SF6浓度增加很快,每年达7%,造成SF6的人工来源,此外还有天然来源。SF6通常用带电子捕获器(ECD)的气相色谱仪测定。SF6是一种新型的测定年轻地下水年龄的工具,特别适合研究1990年以后补给水的年龄。SF6年龄以亨利定律为基础计算。由于大气中SF6浓度逐年增加,比CFC测年法具有更大的优越性。 相似文献
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年轻地下水测年最新技术--SF6法 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
SF6是一种无色、无嗅、无毒、不易燃的惰性气体,具有良好的绝缘性、灭弧性和散热性,广泛用于断路器和变压器的绝缘材料.电器设备的泄漏使得大气中SF6浓度增加很快,每年达7%,造成SF6的人工来源,此外还有天然来源.SF6通常用带电子捕获器(ECD)的气相色谱仪测定.SF6是一种新型的测定年轻地下水年龄的工具,特别适合研究1990年以后补给水的年龄.SF6年龄以亨利定律为基础计算.由于大气中SF6浓度逐年增加,比CFC测年法具有更大的优越性. 相似文献
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济南岩溶地下水化学成分的形成 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
本文研究济南岩溶排泄区地下水化学成分的形成。先用Cl-和NO3-浓度作为示踪剂分析补给区的大气降水输入,鉴别出西郊和平安店排泄区地下水没有被明显污染,市区和东郊排泄区地下水受到明显污染,污染主要来自当地浅层地下水或近地面土层。之后,利用西郊排泄区的测试数据进行了横向径流带的水-岩作用定量分析,与示踪剂研究结果一致,市区和东郊排泄区地下水被明显污染,同时提出地下水在径流过程中发生脱白云石化过程的趋势线。 相似文献
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浅层地下水SF6年龄测试技术及其应用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
地下水年龄是水文地质研究的重要参数,特别是年轻地下水的年龄.论述了安装设计的用于地下水中SF6的测试技术,该技术装置由SF6提取系统和分析测试系统两部分组成,前者由剥离器、硅胶管、冷冻富集陷阱、六通阀、十通阀、高纯氮气钢瓶和载气过滤系统组成,后者由带电子捕获检测器(ECD)的气相色谱仪组成.通过条件实验,该系统测定SF6的标准误差为1.77%,对SF6的最低检测极限为1.0×10-12,测定空气中的SF6只需10 mL气体,测定地下水样时只需1.0 L.研究了地下水SF6年龄的计算程序,计算了石家庄市浅层地下水的年龄. 相似文献
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桂林地区岩溶水SF6年龄研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2006年10月在桂林地区取地下水、地表水水样5个,空气样品5个,用气相色谱“双阀双柱”法测定了SF6 的浓度,以质量平衡原理为基础建立了计算地下水SF6 年龄的模型。计算结果显示,岩溶裂隙水的SF6 年龄比地下河水的年龄偏老,地下河源头水的SF6 年龄比出口处的年龄偏老,即桂林市丫吉实验场1号洼地岩溶裂隙水SF6 年龄为10年,山脚下地下河出口处水的年龄为8年,冠岩地下河源头水SF6 年龄为9年,出口处的年龄为5年。这可能是与地下河出口处受当年大气降水的影响有关。 相似文献
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生态补水是恢复北方缺水河道地表水、地下水水力联系的重要方式。针对永定河（北京段）生态补水对玉泉山泉补给过程,采用六氟化硫（SF6）作为示踪剂和氘（D）、氧（18O）环境同位素分析方法,研究了生态补水条件下区域地表水、地下水转化规律。结果表明：（1）研究区存在沿断裂形成的强渗透带,生态补水沿渗透带对玉泉山泉地下水有显著补给作用,永定河河水补给玉泉山泉地下水有两条补给路径：一是沿永定河断裂后经强渗透带补给玉泉山,二是沿着永定河断裂带径流,顺八宝山断裂向北东方向过田村,最终补给玉泉山泉地下水;（2）区域地下水流速差异不大,两条路径的平均流速分别为3.38 km/d和2.96 km/d;(3)河水补给占玉泉山泉地下水总补给量的比例为18%。研究成果对于加强在人工补水河道地表水对地下水的补给过程中的水资源合理利用、高效补水以及水资源变化预测具有重要意义。 相似文献
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重庆歌乐山隧址区地下水同位素组成特征及意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
同位素测试作为一种先进的技术手段在地质科学的各个研究领域得到越来越广泛地应用。运用同位素方法研究流体及矿床成因关系方面取得了较大的进展。目前，环境同位素方法被广泛用于识别地下水系统，研究自然界水循环过程和地下水运动规律。不同成因的地下水具有不同的同位素组成特征，而且氢、氧稳定同位素在低温条件下不与围岩发生同位素交换，放射性同位素变化遵循各自的衰变规律，水中HCO3碳、氧同位素组成与被溶解的碳酸盐岩同位素组成有关。在歌乐山隧道施工涌水对周边地下水系统的影响及环境效应评价过程中，取得许多同位素数据，对该区地下水的同位素特征有了新的认识。文章借助同位素方法探讨了隧址区地下水的补给源、年龄等基本特征。该区地下水主要补给来源为大气降水。碳、氧稳定同位素的研究结果也证实了这一点。对放射性同位素氚研究表明，该区地下水年龄基本都较小，属近期大气降水直接渗入补给。 相似文献
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地下水测年是水循环尤其是水文地质研究的关键环节之一,但已提出的地下水年龄概念及其测年方法具有复杂多样且难以区分的特点,给实际应用和进一步发展带来困扰。系统梳理了学术界常出现的地下水年龄和滞留时间的概念内涵,同时对衍生的理想化年龄、示踪剂年龄、表观年龄、年龄分布和模型年龄等相关概念进行了辨析,综合分析并绘制了地下水年龄相关概念间的关系图;根据示踪剂类型,总结并评述了地下水测年的天然同位素示踪剂方法（包括放射性核素衰变法和稳定核素线性积累法）、人类活动产生的核素和温室气体示踪剂样品的采集、分析方法及其优缺点;指出地下水测年方法存在水质点和水体系统2个研究角度,并对当前正大量兴起的、从水体系统（动态）角度出发的多示踪剂联用和年龄数据的模型解释方法进行了评述,认为地下水测年方法需根据研究目标和示踪剂适用范围综合确定,未来应重点关注表征地下水系统时空动态的年龄分布研究,加强地质、水文和水化学等多学科数据信息的整合,从而建立地下水流数值模型来刻画年龄分布及模型研究。 相似文献
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The sinuosity factor (SF) is a critical value in karst systems in terms of estimating their hydrodynamic parameters including groundwater velocity, coefficient of dispersion, etc., through dye tracer experiments. SF has been used in a number of different dye tracer experiments in karstic systems to estimate a representative flow path. While knowing SF is crucially important in the estimation of hydrodynamic parameters, its calculation is associated with significant uncertainty due to the complexity of subsurface karstic features. And yet, only a few studies have discussed its uncertainties, which might lead some errors in estimation of hydrodynamic parameters from dye tracer experiment. In this study, dye tracer experiments were conducted in two consecutive years (2003 and 2004) representing low and high flow conditions in the Beyyayla sinkhole (Eski?ehir, Turkey) where the flow path is well known. Uranine was used in experiments as a tracer and QTRACER computer program was used to determine the hydrodynamic properties of the Beyyayla karst system as well as to gain insights into the effects of SF from dye tracer experiments on estimated parameters. The results showed that the breakthrough curve follows a unimodal and a bimodal distribution in low and high flow conditions, respectively. These different distributions stem from the water transport mechanisms, where velocities were calculated as 58.2 and 93.6 m h?1 during low and high flow conditions observed in a spring emerging from the south side of the studied system. The results also show that the coefficient of dispersion, Reynolds number, and Peclet number increased and longitudinal dispersivity decreased with the higher flow rate. Furthermore, the estimated parameters did not vary with either the flow conditions or the tracer transit time, but they have shown some variations with SF. When SF was increased by 50 %, a change in these parameters was obtained in the range of 50–125 %. 相似文献
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Groundwater protection in fractured media: a vulnerability-based approach for delineating protection zones in Switzerland 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Alain Pochon Jean-Pierre Tripet Ronald Kozel Benjamin Meylan Michael Sinreich François Zwahlen 《Hydrogeology Journal》2008,16(7):1267-1281
A vulnerability-based approach for delineating groundwater protection zones around springs in fractured media has been developed to implement Swiss water-protection regulations. It takes into consideration the diversity of hydrogeological conditions observed in fractured aquifers and provides individual solutions for each type of setting. A decision process allows for selecting one of three methods, depending on the spring vulnerability and the heterogeneity of the aquifer. At the first stage, an evaluation of spring vulnerability is required, which is essentially based on spring hydrographs and groundwater quality monitoring. In case of a low vulnerability of the spring, a simplified method using a fixed radius approach (“distance method”) is applied. For vulnerable springs, additional investigations must be completed during a second stage to better characterize the aquifer properties, especially in terms of heterogeneity. This second stage includes a detailed hydrogeological survey and tracer testing. If the aquifer is assessed as slightly heterogeneous, the delineation of protection zones is performed using a calculated radius approach based on tracer test results (“isochrone method”). If the heterogeneity is high, a groundwater vulnerability mapping method is applied (“DISCO method”), based on evaluating discontinuities, protective cover and runoff parameters. Each method is illustrated by a case study. 相似文献
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Determining groundwater ages from environmental tracer concentrations measured on samples obtained from open bores or long-screened intervals is fraught with difficulty because the sampled water represents a variety of ages. A multi-tracer technique (Cl, 14C, 3H, CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113 and SF6) was used to decipher the groundwater ages sampled from long-screened production bores in a regional aquifer around an open pit mine in the Pilbara region of northwest Australia. The changes in tracer concentrations due to continuous dewatering over 7 years (2008–2014) were examined, and the tracer methods were compared. Tracer concentrations suggest that groundwater samples are a mixture of young and old water; the former is inferred to represent localised recharge from an adjacent creek, and the latter to be diffuse recharge. An increase in 14C activity with time in wells closest to the creek suggests that dewatering of the open pit to achieve dry mining conditions has resulted in change in flow direction, so that localised recharge from the creek now forms a larger proportion of the pumped groundwater. The recharge rate prior to development, calculated from a steady-state Cl mass balance, is 6 mm/y, and is consistent with calculations based on the 14C activity. Changes in CFC-12 concentrations with time may be related to the change in water-table position relative to the depth of the well screen. 相似文献
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Groundwater residence time is a fundamental property of groundwater to understand important hydrogeological issues,such as deriving sustainable abstraction volumes,or,the evolution of groundwater quality.The anthropogenic trace gases chlorofluorocarbons(CFC-11,CFC-12 and CFC-113)and sulphur hexafluoride(SF_6)are ideal in this regard because they have been released globally at known rates and become dissolved in groundwater following Henry's Law,integrating over large spatial(global)and temporal(decades)scales.The CFCs and SF_6 are able to date groundwater up to～100 years old with the caveat of certain simplifying assumptions.However,the inversion of environmental tracer concentrations(CFCs and SF_6)to derive groundwater age rests on the accurate determination of groundwater recharge parameters,namely temperature,elevation,salinity and excess air,in addition to resolving the potential for contamination,degradation and unsaturated zone effects.This review explores the fundamentals of CFC-11,CFC-12,CFC-113 and SF_6 as environmental tracers of groundwater age and recommends complementary techniques throughout.Once this relatively simple and inexpensive technique has been used to determine initial concentrations at the recharge zone,setting the groundwater dating'clock' to zero,this review then explores the meaning of groundwater'age' in relation to measured environmental tracer concentrations.It is shown that the CFCs and SF_6 may be applied to a wide-range of hydrogeological problems and suggests that environmental tracers are particularly powerful tools when integrated with numerical flow and transport models. 相似文献
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为探讨含水层非均质性不同刻画方法对地下水流和溶质运移预测的影响,基于非均质含水层砂箱实验,分别用传统等效均质模型、克立金插值和水力层析刻画含水层渗透系数场,并探讨了先验信息对水力层析结果的影响.将不同方法估算的渗透系数场用以预测地下水流和溶质运移过程,以此判断不同方法估算结果的优劣,分析含水层非均质性对地下水流和溶质运移的影响.结果表明:与克立金插值法相比,水力层析法可以更好地刻画含水层非均质性,较准确地预测地下水流和溶质运移过程;钻孔岩心渗透系数样本值作为先验信息可以提高水力层析法估算结果的精度;传统等效均质模型无法准确预测地下水流和溶质运移过程.含水层非均质性的增强将导致溶质污染羽分布形态和运移路径的空间变异性增强,并且优势通道直接决定溶质的分布及运移路径. 相似文献
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采用溴示踪法研究华北平原山前冲积平原和中部平原有灌溉和无灌溉区域的地下水补给,得到研究区平均地下水补给量为126.10 mm,平均补给系数为0.185 2,有灌溉实验点的补给量和补给系数大于无灌溉实验点。同时对示踪剂运移深度和含水量分布、降雨灌溉量和地下水埋深等影响因素进行分析。将各实验点计算结果与国内有关学者采用示踪剂法所得到的补给系数进行对比分析,论证了研究结果的可靠性,此研究成果可为华北平原地下水资源分析提供重要参考。 相似文献
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为查明云南丽江黑龙潭泉域九子海洼地补给区地下水与周边泉水的连通关系,提供泉水修复的科学依据,采用人工化学示踪方法,选取碘化钾作为示踪剂,开展了一次大型地下水示踪试验。根据试验数据计算地下水渗流速度,并分析黑龙潭泉域地下水系统结构特征。结果表明:九子海洼地补给区地下水与黑龙潭泉群和古城泉群具有显著的连通关系,与清溪泉群和白浪花泉群不存在连通关系,九子海至黑龙潭和古城的地下水渗流速度分别为405.86~1 077.84 m·d-1、349.96~629.09 m·d-1。九子海洼地为黑龙潭泉域地下水系统的主要补给区,同时也可作为黑龙潭泉水修复的有效注水点,接受补给后,主要通过深层岩溶管道向南运移至黑龙潭—古城方向,其中黑龙潭泉群为系统的排泄天窗。 相似文献