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生态敏感性分析是海绵城市规划的重要依据。以长株潭某海绵城市规划区为例,采用层次分析法和专家打分法,选取了6个敏感因子并给各敏感因子赋权重,通过Arc GIS平台的空间分析,得到海绵城市规划区生态敏感度计算结果,并将结果划分为极敏感区、高度敏感区、中度敏感区、轻度敏感区和不敏感区5个等级。此生态敏感性分析结果为该区域的海绵城市规划提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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松嫩平原农牧渔交错区生态敏感性评价研究——以杜尔伯特蒙古族自治县为例 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
生态敏感性评价对区域生态环境建设治理具有重要实践意义和科学价值。本论文在RS、GIS技术支持下,采用ETM影像、土壤分布特征以及其他相关地理信息,选用土壤类型、植被覆盖程度、土地利用现状等作为生态敏感性评价的主要因子,并利用层次分析法确定评价因子的权重值,建立生态敏感性评价模型,对农牧渔交错区(以杜尔伯特蒙古族自治县为例)进行生态敏感性评价的研究。该文的研究结论是:低度生态敏感区以湿地生态系统和湖泡生态系统为主,包括生态状况维持较好的草原区域,抗自然灾害能力较强;中度生态敏感区以农田、草原复合生态系统为主,具有一定的生态恢复能力,能抵抗适度的人为扰动;高度生态敏感区以沙土农田、沙地草原以及湖泡周围的盐碱地生态系统为主,自我调节能力弱,相对稳定性较差。本文研究表明,利用遥感技术获取影像信息,结合地理信息系统相关空间分析方法进行区域的生态敏感性评价,具有实际可操作性,评价结果合理可靠,可以为区域生态建设提供科学依据。 相似文献
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该文在威海市海岸带综合地质调查项目的基础上,根据陆域和海域不同的地质环境条件,分别进行了地质环境承载力综合评价。陆域选取了3个一级评价因子和13个二级评价因子建立地质环境承载力评价指标体系,利用层次分析法取得各评价因子权重,再利用模糊数学综合指数法进行了综合评价。海域选取了海底沉积物重金属污染、海底沙坡沙脊、浅层气、浅埋基岩和埋藏下切谷等5个评价因子,采用叠加法进行了综合评价。最终,将研究区地质环境承载力划分为强区、较强区、一般区、较弱区等4类。研究区陆域地质环境承载力相对较强,占总面积的67.67%;其次为一般区,占总面积的31.67%;较弱区零星分布,仅占总面积的0.66%。近海地质环境承载力总体较强,一般区主要分布在威海湾西部,较弱区分布在威海湾以北的广阔海域。 相似文献
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本文以山西省霍西煤矿区为研究区,利用遥感和GIS方法对滑坡灾害的敏感性进行了数值建模与定量评价。利用交叉检验方法构建了径向基核函数支持向量机滑坡敏感性评价模型,并基于拟合精度对模型进行了定量评价;对各评价因子在模型中的重要性进行对比分析;基于空间分辨率为30m的评价因子,通过径向基核函数支持向量机模型获得了霍西煤矿区滑坡敏感性指数值,并利用分位数法将霍西煤矿区的滑坡敏感性分为极高、高、中和低4个等级。结果表明：拟合精度建模阶段和验证阶段分别为87.22%和70.12%;与滑坡敏感性关系最密切的5个评价因子依次是岩性、距道路距离、坡向、高程和土地利用类型;极高和高敏感区域分布了93.49%的滑坡点,面积占总面积的50.99%,是比较合理的分级方案。本研究不仅可以为研究区人工边坡调查和煤矿资源合理开采提供借鉴,对相似矿区的相关工作也具有参考价值。 相似文献
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基于InVEST与CARS的生态空间分区与未来预测研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
生态空间现状数量配比与模拟是新时期地理信息服务于国土空间优化的重要应用.以常州市武进区为研究区,利用InVEST模型与多类随机种子CA模型(CARS),对2015年研究区生态空间进行分区并模拟了2025年的生态空间分布演变情况.结果表明:2015年生态评价极重要区主要分布于滆湖(西太湖)湿地公园及其周边地区、雪堰镇竺山周边生态开敞空间和横林镇、武进高新区的一些留白用地区域;2025年的预测生态用地分布多围绕已有生态斑块呈现边缘式增长;综合现状评价与未来模拟结果得出,生态冲突区面积约为5992hm2,占区域总面积的5.62％.研究结果可为快速城镇化地区缓解生态保护与城市发展矛盾提供参考,为区域生态环境优化布局决策提供科学依据. 相似文献
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闽三角城市群地质灾害敏感性评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
生态安全是地区社会经济可持续的根本保障,然而地质灾害会对地区的生态安全造成严重威胁,对闽三角城市群进行地质灾害敏感性分析具有重要意义。本文分别选取坡度、高程、土壤类型、NDVI、岩性、多年平均降水量、距主要公路距离和5 km格网内的地质灾害点数目这8个指标,基于SPCA、全局Moran's I和局部Moran's I,对闽三角城市群的地质灾害敏感性进行综合评价。结果表明：闽三角城市群整体处于中度敏感,不同敏感性的面积大小顺序为：中度敏感>高度敏感>轻度敏感>极敏感>不敏感,占比分别为26.96%、25.67%、23.89%、11.75%和11.72%;地质灾害敏感性由东南沿海向西北内陆呈现出由不敏感向极敏感逐渐过渡的整体趋势,并存在着明显的地带性特征;不同县（市、区）间及其内部的地质灾害敏感性均存在较大的空间异质性;地质灾害敏感性存在显著的空间自相关性,且为显著正相关,并呈现出显著的空间集聚性特征,在德化县、永春县、安溪县和南靖县为高高聚集,在惠安县、丰泽区、鲤城区、晋江市和石狮市为低低聚集;不同土地利用类型下的地质灾害敏感性综合指数大小顺序为：林地>草地>未利用地>耕地>水域>建设用地,林地和草地整体处于中度敏感,水域、耕地、建设用地和未利用地整体处于轻度敏感;多年平均降水量、坡度、距主要公路距离、地质灾害点数目、岩性和土壤类型是研究区地质灾害的主要驱动因子。 相似文献
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该文在东营市海洋地质调查获得大量数据的基础上,开展近海海域地质环境质量综合评价,反映近海海域地质环境质量现状和变化趋势,为海洋经济的可持续发展和海洋生态环境保护提供依据。选取海岸侵蚀与淤积、活动断裂与地震、灾害地貌与滑坡、浅层气、底辟、埋藏古河道(古湖泊)、表层沉积物质量、海水质量、软土、砂土液化10项指标,采用层次分析法和综合指数法,对东营市近海海域地质环境质量进行了评价。结果表明:研究区大部分区域地质环境质量为优等和良好级别,面积8875km~2,占总面积的86.58%;中等区主要分布在研究区的北部、东南部和东营港近岸区,面积1200km~2,占总面积的11.71%;较差区主要分布在研究区的北部及黄河口外围海域,面积175km~2,占总面积的1.71%。 相似文献
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江西省生态脆弱性现状GIS模型评价 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：12
生态环境脆弱性评价研究,对生态环境建设与保护具有重大意义。本研究以江西省为例,依据生态脆弱性的内涵与成因,针对江西区域生态环境特征,构建了江西省生态脆弱性综合评价指标体系,采用空间主成分分析法,确定各指标的权重。在GIS支持下,采用综合指数评价法计算生态脆弱度综合指数。研究结果表明,2005年,该省生态环境以中度脆弱为主,占全省总面积的85.36%,低度脆弱面积占14.64%,整体上属中度脆弱区;脆弱度空间分异特征明显:五河上游山区大多属于强中度或中中度脆弱区,五河中下游丘陵地区大多属于弱中度脆弱区;而低度脆弱区主要分布在鄱阳湖平原区和吉泰盆地。研究结果揭示了江西的自然环境条件是导致生态脆弱性的基础,而人类不合理的活动加剧了其脆弱性。 相似文献
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水环境监测数据在水环境敏感性评价中起关键作用,然而受地形、环境、站点布设等因素影响存在缺失或不足的问题。为此,本文选取福建省为实验区,以2017年4-6月该省重点平台采集的网络文本数据为数据源,从水环境网络文本敏感度、污染敏感度和保护敏感度3个方面分析遴选出13个评价因子,基于模糊层次分析法结合网络文本构建水环境敏感性评价模型,分类验证评估结果的合理性。结果表明：① 从网络文本敏感度看,该省东部-中北部地区高于西部-中南部地区,高敏感区分布集中在闽江下游地区;② 从污染敏感度看,该省南部地区高于北部地区,高敏感区主要分布在汀江中下游、晋江下游和龙江等区域;③ 从保护敏感度看,该省西北-中南地区高于东北-西南地区,高敏感区主要分布在闽江上游支流建溪、木兰溪、萩芦溪等区域。综合各敏感度因子分析后发现全省水环境敏感度整体从东南-西南-北部-中部-东北依次减小,东沿海经济发达区和河流入海口等区域呈现出高敏感性,与实际情况相符。本研究使得水环境敏感性评价结果更具合理性,对于预测或排查水环境高敏感污染风险区、重要保护区及公众关注区具有一定的实用意义。 相似文献
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《中国地理科学(英文版)》2020,(5)
Following the trends of Chinese rural transformation development, and the sustainable development goals for resources and environment, reasonable arranging the potential development space and the ecological space, so as to optimize the distributions of rural settlement would be the key challenge for rural areas in ecologically fragile regions. From the perspective of maintaining regional ecological security, this paper takes Da'an City, a typical ecological fragile region in Jilin Province, as the case area, constructing the comprehensive ecological security pattern(ESP) on basis of landscape ecology, and applying the landscape pattern indexes to quantitative analysis the spatial distribution characteristics of rural settlements. Then, different optimization directions and management strategies are put forward for rural settlements in each secure zone under the comprehensive ESP. The experimental results showed that 1) the area of the low security zone, the general security zone, the moderate security zone and the extreme security zone was 1570.18 km~2, 1463.36 km~2, 1215.80 km~2 and 629.77 km~2, representing 32.18%, 29.99%, 24.92% and 12.91% of the total area of the target area, respectively. 2) The rural settlements in Da'an City were characterized by a high degree of fragmentation with a large number of small-scale patches. 3) The area of rural settlements in the ecological relocation zone, the in situ remediation zone, the limited development zone and the key development zone was 22.80 km~2, 42.31 km~2, 36.28 km~2 and 19.40 km~2, accounting for 18.88%, 35.03%, 30.04% and 16.06% of the total area of rural settlements, respectively. Then, different measures were proposed for settlements in different optimization zones in order to scientifically plan important ecological space, production space and living space in rural areas. This paper aims to provide fundamental support for rural settlements based on redistribution from the perspective of landscape ecology and provide insights for rural planning and rural habitat environmental improvement. 相似文献
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Mountain area is an important geographical unit of land,and its ecology is sensitive and fragile.Over the past few decades,human activities have caused dramatic changes in land use in mountainous areas,which caused changes in landscape patterns and impacts on the ecological environment.It is unknown how the mechanism of land use affects the landscape pattern at different scales.The Hantai District,a typical human settlement in the mountain area in Shaanxi,China,was chosen as the study area.Based on the remote sensing images,the mathematical models and landscape indexes were adopted to evaluate the impact of land use change from 1998 to 2017 on the landscape pattern at different scales,and its main driving forces were analyzed.The results showed that the urbanized land expanded largest from 15.39%to 24.30%,and cultivated land experienced the largest decline from 43.54%to 35.35%.Changes in land use have made the patch morphology of most land types developed from a natural random to a sawtooth shape,and its spatial pattern evolved from a ruleset to a fragmented expansion.This reflects the continuous strengthening of human intervention in the process of regional development.Under the jurisdiction of Hantai District,the biggest change in landscape pattern is in Hanzhong City and Qili Town.The improved economy and increasing population and urbanization rate were the main factors that cause these changes.This research could provide necessary information for understanding the evolution mechanism of land resources in mountainous human settlements for mountainous areas with significant geomorphic differentiation. 相似文献
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黄土高原生态退耕的时空分异特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
生态退耕是调整陆地生态系统结构与功能以应对土地利用过度干扰的重要途径之一,因此科学掌握退耕格局与耕地格局演变对黄土高原生态环境治理与生态修复具有深远意义。本文以位于黄土高原的延安市为典型区,从生态退耕的整体特征、地形因素及区域差异等角度,探究生态退耕以来其耕地变化及退耕状况的空间分异特征。结果表明：生态退耕致使延安市耕地面积由2000年的11 752.80 km2减少为2013年的9149.93 km2,退耕面积为2756.85 km2,退耕指数为22.15%,且退耕耕地主要转化为林地、草地,占退耕面积的95.29%;耕地与退耕面积主要分布于6~15°、15~25°坡度及第II级（925~1115 m）、第III级（1115~1275 m）,且2005-2013年的生态退耕速率均高于2000-2005年的生态退耕速率;县域退耕面积及退耕程度均呈现由北向南依次递减的分异特征,而退耕重心与耕地重心均在延安市几何中心以北的安塞县与宝塔区边界,且生态退耕的重心由东北向西南方向迁移,耕地重心则由北向南迁移。本文通过对延安市生态退耕的时空分异特征分析可为黄土高原更加科学合理地推进生态保育与生态文明建设提供参考。 相似文献
14.
XUEDong-qian ZHANGXiao-jun 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2002,12(4):321-328
From the angle of ecology, urban agglomeration presents relevant types of landscape structure, which in-clude Patch, Corridor and Matrix. There are different landscape features and different problems in different developmentphases. This paper has put forward five basic conditions for security pattern of landscape ecology of urban agglomeration,described quantitatively the features for landscape ecology in Wuxi, and analyzed ecological background of spatial expan-sion and spatial organization of urban development in Wuxi. From the angle of ecological land use and non-ecological landuse, the paper has analyzed the features of land use and ecological distribution of land in the urban area. The spatial mod-el of cities and towns in Wuxi is composed of one metropolis, two urban zones and three development axes. This thesishas planned preliminarily ecological protection network at four levels in the urban region according to four layers. At last,combining landscape ecology with urban space, a tentative security pattern of landscape ecology has been planned in Wux-i, namely Source-Buffer Zone and Metropolis, Radiating Routes and Expansion Direction of City, Strategic Point and Interac-tion between Cities and Towns, Inter-Source Linkage-Corridor of a Stable Landscape Structure. 相似文献
15.
Evaluation of the production-living-ecology space function suitability of Pingshan County in the Taihang mountainous area,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《山地科学学报》2020,17(10):2562-2576
A rational utilization of land is a matter of importance in sustainable development of mountainous area. The land function in mountainous areas has a close connection with space structure of ecology, production and living. To promote a harmonious development of the relationship between people and nature in mountainous areas, it is necessary to coordinate their relationships of space functions. Suitability evaluation of basic unit function associated with multi-scale space analysis is a prerequisite to a reasonable optimization of land function structure. In this study, an optimized evaluation index system of combination functions was introduced into the assessment of ecological spatial functional suitability in ecological fragile regions by adding three indicators, namely, soil erosion sensitivity, landscape ecological risk and ecological sensitivity. The principle of "taking high"(referred to a function with high suitability to be regarded as the main function of an evaluation unit) and ecological priority(referred to the case, supposing the suitability of a unit's three functions is consistent, the main function is determined to be the ecological function) were used to determine the main function of an evaluation unit. Pingshan County, China, located at the eastern foot of the Taihang Mountain, was targeted in this case study. The production-livingecology space(PLES) function in Pingshan was identified by applying our improved valuation indexes. Further, the functional suitability distribution of the combination of elements was obtained by using overlapping comprehensive analysis method, considering the tradeoff of the functional suitability of combination elements. The regions suitable for production/living were distributed in relatively flat piedmont plains, whereas the regions suitable for ecology were distributed in the mountain areas of middle and low altitudes. Therefore, to maintain a sustainable development in mountainous areas, an improved scheme of development for Pingshan should be to delineate ecologically fragile areas, to build ecological industrial parks near existing scenic spots, to protect basic agricultural production areas, and to increase investment in science and technology, including reasonable ecological compensation. This study can provide reference for the planning of sustainable development in the Taihang Mountain area and similar regions. 相似文献
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This paper provides a generalizable mode for the ecological vulnerability evaluation for tourism planning and development in high mountain areas. The Bayi District located in southeastern Tibet is taken as a typical town to study the conflict between the protection of natural ecological environment and the exploitation of tourism resources. Based on the Sensitivity-Recovery-Pressure (SRP) framework, a set of vulnerability evaluation systems for plateau tourism regions were developed. The spatial principal component analysis (SPCA), remote sensing and GIS technologies were integrated to apply for spatial quantification of evaluation index system. The ecological vulnerability of the Bayi District was divided into five levels: potential, mild, moderate, severe, and extreme, and our results showed that significantly severe and extreme vulnerability areas were mainly distributed throughout the southwestern and central northern alpine pasture and glacial zones. Potential and mild vulnerability areas were mainly distributed in the vicinity of the Yarlung Zangbo River tributary basin. Then three tourism development and environmental protection zones were classified and appropriate measures for the protection were proposed. It also provides a reference for the spatial distribution of a range of areas that require different protection measures according to ecological vulnerability classification. 相似文献
17.
Xiaopeng Liu Xiao Chen Kaiping Hua Yajuan Wang Peng Wang Xiaojia Han Junyan Ye Shengqiang Wen 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2018,28(5):894-906
Ecological migration is the process of increasing the population density in the immigration area and transferring the ecological pressure from emigration area to immigration area. This process may result in significant changes in land use and land cover in the area of immigration and have an important effect on ecosystem services. Therefore, scientifically revealing the effects and differentiation mechanisms of ecological migration on ecosystem services is becoming an important issue related to the implementation of the national ecological migration strategy in China. This study employed the Hongsibu District as a typical example of ecological migration. Hongsibu District is located in the central Ningxia steppe and desert steppe areas. Remote sensing data covering five periods from the period before ecological migration in 1995 and after migration in 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015 was used to measure the value of ecosystem services(ESV). A geographical detector model and the value of ecosystem services model were used to diagnose the dynamic mechanism of the effects of land use change on ecosystem services. The results showed that: 1) The development of large-scale ecological resettlement has caused the area of cultivated land and urbanized land area to increase significantly in the area of immigration, while the grass area decreased significantly. 2) The overall value of the Hongsibu ecosystem services increased in a form of a ‘V'. Among them, during the period of 1995–2005, the overall ESV decreased and had an annual rate of change of-0.67%. During the period of development 2005–2015, the ESV increased steadily, with an annual rate of change of 0.79%. 3) The proportion and total ESV in soil formation and protection, waste treatment, and biodiversity conservation of the Hongsibu District decreased from 57.61% in 1995 to 56.17% in 2015, indicating that the region's ecological regulation function slightly decreased. 4) The ESV in the Hongsibu District, showed a low distribution pattern of ecosystem services increasing from northeast to southwest, and the capacity of three townships, Hongsibu, Taiyangshan, and Liuquan, to provide ecosystem services gradually declined over time. The ecological service function of Xinzhuangji Township and Dahe Township gradually improved. 5) The sensitivity index of the ESV of each land use type was less than 1, indicating that the environment lacks flexibility in providing a strong ESV index in Hongsibu, which shows that the research results are reliable and believable. 6) During the study period, the decisive force of the change of land use on ecosystem services in Hongsibu District was: grassland(0.9934), climate regulation(0.9413), soil formation and protection(0.9321) and waste treatment(0.9241). 相似文献
18.
WUQuan-yuan 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2003,13(3):254-258
Influenced by artificial factors, landscape pattern of Yantai City, Shandong Province changes continu-ously. Revealing its landscape pattern and its changing process has a practical significance for the urban development and layout. Zhifu District, Development Zone, Laishan District and Fushan District in Yantai City were selected to study the landscape pattern. Remote sensing technology was used to obtain landscape information of different peri-ods. Under the support of Geographic Information System (GIS), the spatial landscape pattern of Yantai City was an-alyzed and simulated by using various special quantitative analysis models. The analysis shows that built-up area lies in the center of Yantai City, the outside is vegetable land. irrigated land, dry land, garden land and woodland. 相似文献
19.
Spatio-temporal variation of landscape heterogeneity under influence of human activities in Xiamen City of China in recent decade 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
HUANG Yixiong YIN Xiuqin YE Gongfu LIN Jiemin HUANG Ru WANG Na WANG Liang SUN Yue 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2013,23(2):227-236
Xiamen is an economically competitive and highly urbanized city along the coastal area of Fujian Province, China. The research on spatio-temporal variation of landscape heterogeneity under the influence of human activities is of great importance to the further study on the relationship of landscape pattern and ecological process. It is also crucial to the discovery of spatial variation and intensity distribution of human activities. The research analyzed the intensity of human impacts and the spatial variation features and dynamics of landscape patterns by introducing statistical theories and approaches. We analyzed spatio-temporal variation of landscape heterogeneity using the geostatistical techniques, such as semivariogram and Kriging interpolation.Results show that there is a higher correlation between landscape heterogeneity indexes and human impact index. Both the indexes show a moderate spatial autocorrelation as well as an obvious characteristic of anisotropy. From 1998 to 2008, the spatial differentiation of the changes in the intensity of human activities and the changes in landscape heterogeneity shows that the landscape patterns in Xiamen are closely related with the urban land utilization methods, the condition of traffic and geographical location and the physical geographical condition such as the terrain and the ecological environment. The process of urbanization has a significant impact on the urban landscape pattern. 相似文献
20.
本文以济南市泉水补给区为研究对象,利用GIS空间分析方法,在其景观变化分析的基础上,参照中国陆地生态系统的生态服务价值系数,估算了泉水补给区生态服务功能价值变化,重点分析景观变化对研究区生态服务功能的影响,进而为区域可持续发展和城市建设提供理论支持。结果表明:(1)20世纪90年代以来,泉水补给区耕地和草地景观面积呈减少趋势,林地、园地和建设用地景观面积大幅增加,其中,以林地面积增加最大;从景观类型转化看,耕地与其他景观类型相互转化较为密切,特别是与建设用地和园地之间的转化;林地面积的增加主要来源于草地和耕地;(2)泉水补给区生态服务功能价值主要由林地和耕地景观生态服务价值构成,其变化对该研究区生态服务价值变化起决定作用;从生态服务价值构成类型来看,该地区土壤形成与保护服务功能单项价值所占比重最大,约占总服务功能价值的20%;(3)90年代以来,该地区总生态服务价值呈增加趋势;从单项服务价值变化来看,水源涵养、废物处理和食物生产服务功能价值则呈现出减小趋势,其中,以水源涵养减幅最大,为4.01%,主要是由该区建设用地增加,地面硬化面积增多而引起的。研究认为,济南市南部山区作为重要的泉水补给区,其生态服务功能尤为重要,特别是水源涵养功能,因此,研究区水源涵养服务功能价值的降低应在今后南部山区开发过程中得到足够的重视与保护,逐步增加泉水补给区的整体生态效益。 相似文献