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1.
An anisotropic model with variableG and and bulk viscosity is considered. The model exhibits an inflationary behavior during which the coefficient of bulk viscosity varies lineraly with the energy density. This allows the anisotropy energy to decrease exponentially with time. Other results overlap with our earlier work with a different ansatz for . The gravitational constant was found to increase during the radiation and matter epochs.  相似文献   

2.
Einstein's equations of general relativity are solved in terms of gravitational potential derivatives, withT equal to mass and/or field energy such thatT 0 outside a body. The line element equation then describes the variance of test particle internal geometrical structure and time-rate due to work done in a field, not the space-time curvature. Specific properties of gravitational fields and bodies come from this new solution: (a) The gravitational field consists of electromagnetic spin 2 gravitons which produce the gravitational force through the magnetic vector. (b) The gravitational mass is the Newtonian mass, not the relativistic mass, of a moving body. (c) An action principle exists in gravitation theory. (d) Attractive gravity exists between matter and antimatter. (e) Unification with quantum physics appears possible.  相似文献   

3.
An analysis of the two-dimensional flow of water at 4°C past an infinite porous plate is presented, when the plate is subjected to a normal suction velocity and the heat flux at the plate is constant. Approximate solutions are derived for the velocity and temperature fields and the skin-friction. The effects ofG (Grashof number) andE (Eckert number) on the velocity and temperature fields are discussed.Nomenclature u, v velocity components of the fluid inx, y direction - g acceleration due to gravity - coefficient of thermal expansion of water at 4°C - v kinematic viscosity - density - T temperature inside thermal boundary layer - T free-stream temperature - k thermal conductivity - C p specific heat at constant pressure  相似文献   

4.
The high-frequency electromagnetic and gravitational radiation from a relativistic particle falling into a Kerr and Schwarzschild black hole is considered. The spectral and angular distributions of the radiation power are calculated by the WKB technique to Teukolsky's equations. The spectra obtained have a characteristic exponential cut-off at the frequency = char. which is proportional to the particle Lorentz factor =(1–v 2/c2)–1/2. At the frequencies as low as those compared with char. both electromagnetic and gravitational spectra are flat. The amount of the energy emitted in the low-frequency modes of the radiation depends strongly on the radiation spin. It is proportional to ln for the electromagnetic and to 3 for the gravitational radiation.  相似文献   

5.
. . .  相似文献   

6.
Motion equations for the gravitationally coupled orbit-attitude motion of a spacecraft are presented. The gravitational force and torque are expanded in a Taylor series in the small ratio (spacecraft size/orbital radius). A recursive definition for higher moments of inertia is introduced which permits terms up tofourth order to be retained. The expressions are fully nonlinear in the attitude variables. A quasi-sunpointing (QSP) passive attitude-control mode is used to assess the effects of higher moments of inertia and gravitational coupling. The attitude motion is detectably coupled to the orbital motion. However, the higher moments of inertia influence only the attitude motion.Nomenclature f G ,g G ,f Gi ,g Gi total gravitational force and torque and their components of orderi in =/r 0 - angular momentum of spacecraft about 0 and the spacecraft mass center - J i ,I i general moment of inertia about 0 and the spacecraft mass center - second (dyadic), third (triadic), and fourth (tetradic) moment of inertia about 0 and the spacecraft mass center - A andB (and related components) of the second, third and fourth moments of inertia about 0, see Equation (9) - M, m Earth's mass, spacecraft mass - Q ba rotation matrix taking a into b - position vector from attracting body's mass center to a general mass element, to 0 and to the spacecraft mass center - 1, 2, 3 basis vectors of reference frame - , , N misalignment angle betweenb 3 and the (projected) true position of the Sun, its oscillatory component and nominal value - unit dyadic (-identity matrix) - ratio of characteristic spacecraft dimension to orbital radius - pitch angle (aboutb 2 axis) - Earth's gravitational parameter - , position vector from 0 to a general mass element and the spacecraft mass center - , the (projected) true longitude of the Sun and the true longitude of the spacecraft - / angular velocity of reference frame with respect to - (·), (*), (o) d()/dt with respect to inertial space I , and orbiting frame O and a body-fixed spacecraft frame b Presented at AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Conference, Aug. 9–11, 1982.  相似文献   

7.
The gravity potential of an arbitrary bodyT is expanded in a series of spherical harmonics and rigorous evaluations of the general termV n of the expansion are obtained. It is proved thatV n decreases on the sphere envelopingT according to the power law if the body structure is smooth. For a body with analytic structure,V n decreases in geometric progression. The exactness of these evaluations is proved for bodies having irregular and analytic structures. For the terrestrial planetsV n =O (n –5/2).
I I V n IV n I . . IV n I . I. IV n =O(n –5/2 )
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8.
The equations for the variation of the osculating elements of a satellite moving in an axi-symmetric gravitational field are integrated to yield the complete first-order perturbations for the elements of the orbit. The expressions obtained include the effects produced by the second to eighth spherical harmonics. The orbital elements are presented in the most general form of summations by means of Hansen coefficients. Due to their general forms it is a simple matter to estimate the perturbations of any higher harmonic by simply increasing the index of summation. Finally, this paper gives the respective general expressions for the secular perturbations of the orbital elements. The formulae presented should be useful for the reductions of Earth-satellite observations and geopotential studies based on them.List of Symbols semi-major axis - C jk n (, ) cosine functions of and - e eccentricity of the orbit - f acceleration vector of perturbing force - f sin2t - i inclination of the orbit - J n coefficients in the potential expansion - M mean anomaly - n mean motion - p semi-latus rectum of the orbit - R, S, andW components of the perturbing acceleration - r radius-vector of satellite - r magnitude ofr - S jk n (, ) sine functions of and - T time of perigee passage - u argument of latitude - U gravitational potential - true anomaly - V perturbing potential - G(M++m) (gravitational constant times the sum of the masses of Earth and satellite) - n,k coefficients ofR component of disturbing acceleration (funtions off) - n,k coefficients ofS andW components of disturbing acceleration (functions off) - mean anomaly at timet=0 - X 0 n,m zero-order Hansen coefficients - argument of perigee - right ascension of the ascending node  相似文献   

9.
Orbital stability of quasiperiodic motions in the many dimensional autonomic hamiltonian systems is considered. Studied motions are supposed to be not far from equilibrium, the number of their basic frequencies may be not equal to the number of degrees of freedom, and the procedure of their construction is supposed to be converged. The stability problem is solved in the strict nonlinear mode.Obtained results are used in the stability investigation of small plane motions near the lagrangian solutions of the three-dimensional circular restricted three-body problem. The values of parameters for which the plane motions are unstable have been found.
. , , . . , . , .
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10.
. , . , , , . ) ) . , . 10 105 =10 , (300–1000 nc). 105 . . , , . . , .  相似文献   

11.
,   相似文献   

12.
Résumé Le présent travail est une continuation d'un autre, publié plus tôt (Doubochine, 1970). On montre ici, que les propriétés des mouvements Lagrangiens et Euleriens établies en mécanique céleste classique sont vraies aussi dans les cas plus généraux, envisagés dans le travail indiqué. On montre de plus, que les trajectoires des points en ces mouvements en axes absolus sont les spirales infinies s'enroulant sur les surfaces des cylindres curvilignes infinis.
-- , (, 1970). , , , , , , , . , , , , .
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13.
The empirical evidence for a connection between type and relative angular momentum of galaxies is reviewed and some constraints for the theoretical explanation are discussed.
.
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14.
The period of very high energy (E>2×1012 eV) gamma-ray emission of Cyg X-3 by using the data of observations of the source made during 6 years, 1972–1977, was specified. The value of the period is equal to 0.199 683±1×10–6 days. Phase histogram reveals two peaks, one lagging the other by 0.6 of the period. The averaged 6 year data amounts to 1.8×10–10 quanta cm–2 s–1 (peak intensity). It corresponds to luminosity of about 1.2×1037 erg s–1 if one assumes that an emission is isotropical and the distance is equal to 10 kpc.
- E>2×1012 Cyg X-3 . 1972–1977 . - T=0,199 683 ±10–6 . , 0,6 . 1,8×10–10 –2 –1 ( ), 1,2×1037 / 10 .
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15.
. , , . , ( ) . ( =2) ( ) .  相似文献   

16.
The study of uniformly polytropes with axial symmetry is extended to include all rotational terms of order 4, where is the angular velocity, consistently within the first post-Newtonian approximation to general relativity. The equilibrium structure is determined by treating the effects of rotation and post-Newtonian gravitation as independent perturbations on the classical polytropic structure. The perturbation effects are characterized by a rotation parameter = 2/2G c and a relativity parameter, =p c / c C 2 , wherep c and c are the central pressure and density respectively. The solution to the structural problem is obtained by following Chandrasekhar's series expansion technique and is complete to the post-Newtonian rotation terms of order 2. The critical rotation parameterv c , which characterizes the configuration with maximum uniform rotation, is accurately evaluated as a function of . Numerical values for all the structural parameters needed to determine the equilibrium configurations are presented for polytropes with indicesn=1, 1.5, 2, 2 5, 3, and 3.5.  相似文献   

17.
2800 Mgii (. 1). (N +/N 11000) , , (N +/N 110). , . —, , . — . : ; 0.002 1 , 0.1 ; () 100 –3; ; ; , 10 ; 10–4 1 . 2800 Mgii .  相似文献   

18.
(Kilyachkoet al., 1978) , . l ( I II). (Kilyachkoet al., 1978) : (1) 800 Å , , UV Cet. EV Lac; (2) UV Cet EV Lac 8000 Å , ; (3) 8000 Å . — MO-KS; (4) 1–3 m.  相似文献   

19.
. - . . , . - . - , , , -. ., , .
The structure of rotating magnetic polytropes is considered in Roche approximation. Investigation of the influence of poloidal as well as toroidal magnetic fields on the conditions of the beginning of matter outflow due to rotational instability is carried out. The influence of the turbulent convection and twisting of magnetic force-lines on the time of smoothing of differential rotation is considered. The estimate of the magneto-turbulence energy generated by differential rotation is presented. Both maximum possible energy output and duration of the quasi-statical evolution phase up to the appearance of hydrodynamic instability due to the effects of general relativity are calculated for supermassive magnetic polytropes of index three with uniform or differential rotation. The radius-mass relation is obtained for supermassive differentially-rotating magnetic polytropes referring to the longest part of the quasi-statistical evolution stage; some consequences are pointed out, including the period-luminosity relation.The evolution of the considered models of supermassive rotating magnetic polytropes with different character of rotation and different geometry of a magnetic field is discussed.The results obtained are summarized in the last section.

English translation will appear in the next issue ofAstrophys. Space Sci.

Receipt delayed by postal strike in Great Britain  相似文献   

20.
I I (, 1976). I :I I I I I I I (I) I I . I . , I I .
Euler solutions in the problem of the translatory-rotary motion of three rigid bodies
The present paper is a continuation of the article (Vidyakin, 1976) in which we proved the existence of Lagrange (triangle) solutions in the general problem of the translatory-rotary motion of three absolutely rigid bodies.In particular, we have found the conditions for the existence of Lagrange solutions in the case when all the bodies possess a symmetry with respect to three mutually perpendicular planes both in respect to the distribution of matter and in respect to the outward form. In this case the bodies effect simple translations along with the centres of the masses without rotation (in Lyapunov's system of coordinates).If the rigid bodies possess a symmetry in respect to the axis and to the plane, perpendicular to this axis, then the Lagrange solutions of the three floats (Duboshin, 1973), three spokes (Kondurar, 1974), three shafts (Vidyakin, 1976) types are admitted, as well as the solutions in the cases of combinations of the float, spoke and shaft-bodies (Vidyakin, 1976).Those solutions exist of certain conditions, imposed on the structure, orientation and rotation of the bodies, are observed.In the general case (there) exist particular solutions which we have termed as Near-Lagrangian.The present paper is to prove the existence of Euler (rectilinear) solutions in the problem of the translatory-rotary motion of three rigid bodies, assuming that the elementary particles of the rigid bodies are mutually attracted according to the Newtonian law.In particular, we have found the conditions for the existence of Euler solutions in the case when all the bodies possess a symmetry in respect to three mutually perpendicular planes both in respect to the distribution of matter and in respect to the outward form. In this case the bodies are so disposed in the uniformly rotating coordinate system that two symmetry planes concur while the centres of the masses are disposed on one straight line.In particular, if the bodies possess a symmetry in respect to the axis and to the plane perpendicular to this axis, then the Euler solutions of the three floats (Duboshin, 1973), three spokes, three shafts types as well as solutions in the cases of combinations of float-, spoke- and shaft-bodies and spheres, either homogeneous or possessing a spherically symmetric distribution of densities, are admitted.The paper gives exact solutions for the cases when the attraction force function of the bodies has an approximate expression.
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