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1.
在51年(1958-2008)西北太平洋区域海洋再分析CORA1.0产品的基础上,改进了模式配置和同化方法,研制了2009-18年的CORA产品并对其进行以下检验:(1)温盐和海表高度异常均方根误差分布检验;(2)35°N处温度断面分布检验;(3)再分析流场和表漂浮标轨迹对比检验.结果显示,2009-18年的CORA产品可以再现海洋要素长时间序列,时空多尺度的变化特征,为研究特征海洋现象和过程提供背景信息. 相似文献
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The latest two versions of the IAP Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System (FGOALS) model- versions g1.0 and g1.1, are described in this study. Both two versions are fully coupled GCMs without any flux correction, major changes for g1.1 mainly lie in four aspects: (1) advection schemes for tracer in the ocean component model; (2) zonal filter scheme in high latitudes in the ocean component model; (3) coupling scheme for fresh water flux in high latitudes; and (4) an improved algorithm of airsea turbule... 相似文献
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The latest two versions of the IAP Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System (FGOALS) model- versions g1.0 and g1.1, are described in this study. Both two versions are fully coupled GCMs without any flux correction, major changes for g1.1 mainly lie in four aspects: (1) advection schemes for tracer in the ocean component model; (2) zonal filter scheme in high latitudes in the ocean component model; (3) coupling scheme for fresh water flux in high latitudes; and (4) an improved algorithm of airsea turbulent flux depending on the surface current of the ocean. As a result, the substantial cold biases in the tropical Pacific and high latitudes are improved by g1.1, especially g1.1 simulates more reasonable equatorial thermocline, poleward heat transport, zonal overturning stream function in the ocean and sea ice distribution than g1.0. Significant ENSO variability are simulated by both versions, however the ENSO behavior by g1.0 differs from the observed one in many aspects: about twice ENSO amplitude as observed, false ENSO asymmetry, only one peak period around 3 years, etc. Due to improved mean climate state by g1.1, many basic characteristics of ENSO are reproduced by g1.1, e.g., more reasonable ENSO amplitude, two peaks of power spectra for ENSO events, and positive SST skewness in the eastern Pacific as observed. 相似文献
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Climate Change in the Subtropical Jetstream during 1950–2009 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A study of six decades(1950–2009) of reanalysis data reveals that the subtropical jetstream(STJ) of the Southern(Northern) Hemisphere between longitudes 0°E and 180°E has weakened(strengthened) during both the boreal winter(January,February) and summer(July, August) seasons. The temperature of the upper troposphere of the midlatitudes has a warming trend in the Southern Hemisphere and a cooling trend in the Northern Hemisphere. Correspondingly, the north–south temperature gradient in the upper troposphere has a decreasing trend in the Southern Hemisphere and an increasing trend in the Northern Hemisphere, which affects the strength of the STJ through the thermal wind relation. We devised a method of isotach analysis in intervals of 0.1 m s-1in vertical sections of hemispheric mean winds to study the climate change in the STJ core wind speed, and also core height and latitude. We found that the upper tropospheric cooling of the Asian mid-latitudes has a role in the strengthening of the STJ over Asia, while throughout the rest of the globe the upper troposphere has a warming trend that weakens the STJ. Available studies show that the mid-latitude cooling of the upper troposphere over Asia is caused by anthropogenic aerosols(particularly sulphate aerosols) and the warming over the rest of the global mid-latitude upper troposphere is due to increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. 相似文献
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利用常规气象观测资料和卫星资料,对2009年8月17-18日青海东北部区域性大到暴雨天气的环流背景、涡度场、水汽条件诊断、中尺度系统特征进行了分析,结果表明:这次暴雨天气的形成除了有利的大尺度环流背景外暴雨区上空还提供了水汽的低层辐合、高层辐散、上升运动等环境条件;卫星云图上中尺度对流系统(MCS)的发展与大到暴雨相关密切,其中TMG(相当黑体亮温)大值区的分布对大到暴雨落区预报有一定指示意义。 相似文献
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Global warming exerts a lengthening effect on the growing season, with observational evidences emerging from different regions over the world. However, the difficulty for a global overview of this effect for the last century arises from limited availability of the long-term daily observations. In this study, we find a good linear relationship between the start (end) date of local growing season (LGS) and the monthly mean temperature in April (October) using the global gridded daily temperature dataset for 1960–1999. Using homogenized daily temperature records from nine stations where the time series go back to the beginning of the twentieth century, we find that the rate of change in the start (end) date of the LGS for per degree warming in April (October) mean temperature keeps nearly constant throughout the time. This enables us to study LGS changes during the last century using global gridded monthly mean temperature data. The results show that during the period 1901–2009, averaged over the observation areas, the LGS length has increased by a rate of 0.89 days decade?1, mainly due to an earlier start (?0.58 days decade?1). This is smaller than those estimates for the late half of the twentieth century, because of multidecadal climate variability (MDV). A MDV component of the LGS index series is extracted by using Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition method. The MDV exhibits significant positive correlation with the Atlantic Multi–decadal Oscillation (AMO) over most of the Northern Hemisphere lands, but negative in parts of North America and Western Asia for start date of LGS. These are explained by analyzing differences in atmospheric circulation expressed by sea level pressure departures between the warm and cool phases of AMO. It is suggested that MDV in association with AMO accelerates the lengthening of LGS in Northern Hemisphere by 53 % for the period 1980–2009. 相似文献
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《贵州气象》2010,(Z2)
2009年11月15—18日受北方强冷空气补充南下影响,铜仁地区出现历史同期罕见的低温雨雪天气,比2008年提前了40d左右,较常年同期提前了30多天,万山及中东部地势较高地区日最低气温降至0℃以下,且持续5d。16日万山站日最低气温达-3.7℃,印江护国寺达-4.5℃,为当时全省最低值。该文分析了2009年11月11—19日500hPa、700hPa、850hPa环流形式及地面形势场实况场、物理量场、探空资料等,结果表明,造成这次低温阴雨雪天气的主要原因是:横槽转竖东移引导冷空气东移南下影响中国南方地区;中纬度西风带位置较常年明显偏南,且多小槽东移,使得北方强冷空气过早持续南下影响;强冷空气从东北路径不断补充,使得滇黔静止锋加强维持;700hPa的暖湿气流在低层回流干冷空气上爬升的形势,形成对流层中低层持续稳定的逆温层。 相似文献
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Mansour Almazroui 《Atmospheric Research》2011,99(3-4):400-414
The short-term rainfall climatology regime over Saudi Arabia is obtained from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data for the period 1998–2009. The TRMM rainfall amounts are calibrated with respect to the rain-gauge data recorded at 29 stations across the country. Day-to-day rainfall comparisons show that the TRMM rainfall trends are very similar to the observed data trends, even if a general overestimation in the satellite products must be highlighted. Besides, especially during the wet season, some of the TRMM algorithm runs tend to underestimate the retrieved rainfalls. The TRMM rainfall data also closely follow the observed annual cycle on a monthly scale. The correlation coefficient for rainfall between the TRMM and the rain-gauge data is about 0.90, with a 99% level of significance on the monthly scale.The spatio-temporal distributions of rainfall over Saudi Arabia are analyzed. Besides the four conventional seasons, this analysis consider the wet (November–April) and dry (June–September) seasons, based on the rainfall amounts recorded. Spring is the highest and winter is the second highest rainfall-occurring season, resulting in large amounts of rainfall during the wet season over most of the country. Regional variations in the rainfall climatology over Saudi Arabia are studied through defining four regions. The false alarm ratio, probability of detection, threat score, and skill score are calculated to evaluate the TRMM performance. The country's average annual rainfall measured by the TRMM is 89.42 mm, whereas the observed data is 82.29 mm. Thus, the rainfall in Saudi Arabia is suggested as being the TRMM value multiplied by 0.93 plus 0.04. After this calibration, the TRMM-measured rainfall is almost 100% of the observed data, thereby confirming that TRMM data may be used in a variety of water-related applications in Saudi Arabia. 相似文献
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The seasonal and interannual variability ofcloud fraction over the Black Sea region for the period of1985-2009 is analyzed using the CM SAF dataset obtained from the satellite measurements of a high-resolution AVHRR instrument. The features of geographic distribution and seasonal variations in cloudiness are investigated. The causes for its spatial inhomogeneity in different months are analyzed. It is demonstrated using the long-term dataset that the dramatic decrease in the amount of cloudiness occurred over the Black Sea region from 67% in 1985 to 54% in 2008. The value of the trend is -0.4% per year. Both the trends and the features of interannual variability of cloudiness, in particular, strongly pronounced four-year cycles, are in antiphase with variations in sea surface temperature. The cloudiness reduction accompanied by the increase in the influx of short-wave radiation may be the basic reason for the warming and sea surface temperature variations in the Black Sea region. 相似文献
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Climatology, trends and variability of cloud fraction cover (CFC) data over the Arctic (north of 70°N), were analysed over the 1982–2009 period. Data, available from the Climate Monitoring Satellite Application Facility (CM SAF), are derived from satellite measurements by AVHRR. Climatological means confirm permanent high CFC values over the Atlantic sector during all the year and during summer over the eastern Arctic Ocean. Lower values are found in the rest of the analysed area especially over Greenland and the Canadian Archipelago, nearly continuously during all the months. These results are confirmed by CFC trends and variability. Statistically significant trends were found during all the months over the Greenland Sea, particularly during the winter season (negative, less than ?5?%?dec ?1) and over the Beaufort Sea in spring (positive, more than +5?%?dec ?1). CFC variability, investigated by the Empirical Orthogonal Functions, shows a substantial “non-variability” in the Northern Atlantic Ocean. Statistically significant correlations between CFC principal components elements and both the Pacific Decadal Oscillation index and Pacific North America patterns are found. 相似文献
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Spatial and temporal variability in daily maximum and mean average daily temperature, monthly maximum and mean average monthly temperature for nine coastal stations during the period 1956–2009 (54 years), and annual maximum and mean average temperature for coastal and inland stations for the period 1945–2009 (65 years) across Libya are analysed. During the period 1945–2009, significant increases in maximum temperature (0.017 °C/year) and mean average temperature (0.021 °C/year) are identified at most stations. Significantly, warming in annual maximum temperature (0.038 °C/year) and mean average annual temperatures (0.049 °C/year) are observed at almost all study stations during the last 32 years (1978–2009). The results show that Libya has witnessed a significant warming since the middle of the twentieth century, which will have a considerable impact on societies and the ecology of the North Africa region, if increases continue at current rates. 相似文献
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南京信息工程大学气候预测系统1.0版(NUIST CFS1.0)是基于日本海洋科学技术开发机构(JAMSTEC)的SINTEX-F模式发展而来,可以实现对全球气候异常的季节-年际预测。对过去近40 a的集合历史回报预测试验结果的评估发现,该预测系统对热带太平洋和印度洋海温异常具有良好的预测技巧,并且该系统能提前1.5~2 a对ENSO(Nino3.4指数)做出有技巧的预测(即相关系数达0.5),同时也可以提前1~2个季节对印度洋偶极子(IOD)做出有较高技巧的预测,展现了对主要热带气候信号的良好预测技巧。但是与国内外所有动力模式预测系统类似,该系统对东亚地区的气候异常预测还存在较大的不足。考虑到ENSO对东亚地区气候异常的强烈影响,本文尝试去除与ENSO预测相关的系统偏差来初步订正东亚地区夏季温度异常和降水距平百分率的预测结果。对比订正前后的结果表明,这一简单的订正方法有助于提高我国气候异常的预测准确率。同时选取2019年夏季气温异常和降水距平百分率的实时预测结果作为个例进行分析,发现订正能够提供一定的技巧改善,但与观测结果相比仍存在较大偏差,需要在今后的工作中不断改进完善。此外,本文也初步评估了NUIST CFS1.0对我国冬春季的气候预测技巧,并提供了经简单订正后的2019/2020年冬季和2020年春季的实时预测结果。 相似文献
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Jong-Yoon Kim Hye-Yeong Chun Min-Jee Kang 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2014,50(1):625-644
Changes in the Brewer-Dobson circulation (BDC) during the 30 years 1980–2009 are investigated using Modern Era Retrospective-analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) reanalysis data. The mass streamfunction that is induced by wave forcings in the transformed Eulerian-mean (TEM) equation through the downward-control principle is used as a proxy for the BDC. The changes in the BDC are investigated using two aspects: the wave propagation conditions in the stratosphere and the wave activity in the upper troposphere. They are compared in the first (P1) and second (P2) 15-year periods. The resolved wave forcing, expressed by the Eliassen-Palm (EP) flux divergence (EPD), is significantly enhanced during the December-January-February (DJF) season in P2 in both the Northern Hemisphere (NH) high latitudes and the Southern Hemisphere (SH) mid- and high latitudes. The increased zonal mean zonal wind at high latitudes in the SH, caused by ozone depletion, leads to an upward shift of the Rossby-wave critical layer and this allows more transient planetary waves to propagate into the stratosphere. In the NH, the enhanced EPD in DJF leads to an increase in the frequency of Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) events. The gravity wave drag (GWD) is smaller than the EPD and the change in it between the two time periods is insignificant. The residual term in the TEM equation is similar to the GWD in the two periods, but its change between the two periods is as large as the change in the EPD. Among the four components of the EP flux at 250 hPa, the meridional heat flux played a dominant role in the enhancement of the BDC in P2. 相似文献
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Man-yu Dong Yuan Jiang Da-yong Zhang Zheng-fang Wu 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2013,111(3-4):693-701
Daily mean air temperatures from 81 meteorological stations in Northeast China were analyzed for the spatiotemporal change of the climatic growing season during the period 1960–2009. Our results showed that latitude strongly influenced the spatial patterns of the mean start (GSS), end (GSE), and length (GSL) of the growing season. For the area studied, a significant increasing trend in GSL during 1960–2009 was detected at a significance level of 0.01, especially after the early 1980s. The area-average GSL has extended 13.3 days during the last 50 years, mainly due to the advanced GSS evident in the spring (7.9 days). The variations of GSS and GSE were closely correlated with the monthly mean temperature (T mean) of April and October, respectively, while GSL was closely related to the monthly minimum temperatures (T min) of spring (March to April) and autumn (September to October). The distributions of the trends in growing season parameters (GSS, GSE, and GSL) showed great spatial variability over Northeast China. Significant relationships between altitude and the trend rates of the GSS and GSL were detected, while geographic parameters had little direct effect on the change in GSE. This extended growing season may provide favorable conditions for agriculture and forest, and improve their potential production. 相似文献
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Haibo Du Zhengfang Wu Ming Li Yinghua Jin Shengwei Zong Xiangjun Meng 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2013,111(1-2):161-171
In this study, the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis method is employed to determine the thresholds of extreme events. Subsequently, the characteristics of extreme temperatures have been analyzed over Northeast China during 1961–2009. Approximately 58 % of stations have negative interdecadal trends of ?2.2 days/10 years to 0 days/10 years in extreme low minimum temperature (ELMT) frequency. Notable positive trend of 0–2.5 days/10 years in extreme high maximum temperature (EHMT) frequency of about 94 % stations are found. Approximately 58 % of stations have decreasing trend in ELMT intensity, whereas 69 % of stations have increasing trend of EHMT intensity. The trends are the range of ?0.72 °C/10 years to 0 °C/10 years and 0–0.7 °C/10 years, respectively. We propose the extreme temperatures indices, ELMT index (ELMTI) and EHMT index (EHMTI), which combined the frequency and intensity of extreme temperatures to represent the order of severity of extreme temperatures. According to this approach, serious ELMT mainly occur in the Songliao Plain and the Sanjiang Plain, especially in the Songliao Plain. Serious EHMT distinctly occur in the Sanjing Plain, and the southwestern and northwestern regions of Northeast China in recent five decades. 相似文献
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短时临近预报系统（SWANl．0）对短时临近预报有一定的预报指导意义,为了更好地应用新预报业务平台和新资料,本文对2011年汛期6月7日、6月30日-7月1日、7月8日、7月16日、7月21日、7月31日、8月14日和8月31日8次吉林省中部降雨过程中SWAN的定量降水预报（QPF）和反射率因子预报两类产品进行了检验分析。结果表明：定量降水预报（QPF）和实况降水比较的总体量明显偏小65％左右,落区预报上具有一定预报意义,但是落区偏差较大,SWAN降水预报可用程度不足,降水落区和降水量级预报仅仅起到参考作用。反射率因子预报短时效内的预报产品预报时效在30分钟以内可信度较高,其中6—12分钟更为可靠,但是对45dBz以上雷达回波预报较差,SWAN对云团大体情况在30分钟以内预报较好,但是对云团中强风暴预报能力不足。 相似文献