共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Asphaltenes are traditionally considered to be recalcitrant to microbial alteration. Resins and asphaltenes of seven biodegraded oils extracted from reservoir cores of two columns (Es3 and Es1) of the Lengdong oilfield in the Liaohe Basin, NE China, were studied to test this hypothesis. Elemental (C, H, N, O, S) and isotopic compositions (δ13C and δ15N) were measured, FT-IR was used to study the oxygenated functionalities of both resins and asphaltenes, and Py–GC–MS was used to elucidate how alkyl side chains of asphaltenes were altered during biodegradation. We conclude that the products of biodegradation, such as carboxylic acids, phenol and alcohols, may not only contribute to the resin fraction of crude oils, but also are linked with functionalities of resins and asphaltenes. The amount of asphaltenes increases because some resin molecules are enlarged and their polarity increased such that they can be precipitated by hexane as newly generated asphaltenes. Thus, the hydrocarbons that are progressively consumed during biodegradation can pull the δ13C of asphaltene fraction closer to the δ13C of the altered resins and hydrocarbons that were consumed. 相似文献
2.
为了探讨酸洗对煤质特性的影响,依次用不同浓度的盐酸溶液对邹庄构造煤进行预处理,用三氯甲烷溶剂进行分次取样的超声-微波萃取,对所得萃取物进行傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)煤结构表征,柱色谱层析族组分荧光特性的研究。结果表明:随酸处理程度的增加,煤样脱灰率和萃取率依次升高;FTIR光谱吸收峰呈间隔性变化的趋势越来越明显;柱层析族组分中的饱和烃和芳香烃含量依次减少,沥青质依次增多,认为是构造动力作用加速了煤中高分子碳氢化合物(沥青质)的演化,促使其分子结构发生缩聚和芳构化;煤中萃取物最大荧光强度呈"U"型变化,芳香烃的荧光强度明显高于萃取物、非烃和沥青质,可能由分子量的大小所致。 相似文献
3.
Jacques Connan Arie Nissenbaum Kendra Imbus John Zumberge Stephen Macko 《Organic Geochemistry》2006,37(12):1768
Asphalts found as pure lumps or coatings on potsherds were excavated at the Philistine site of Tel Miqne-Ekron (12th to 7th century BC) in the southern Inner Coastal Plain of Israel. They were studied using the techniques of petroleum geochemistry and were compared to some natural asphalts from the area: Dead Sea floating blocks (Israel), Wadi Weida’a asphalt (Jordan) and Hasbeya (Lebanon).Tel Miqne-Ekron bitumens show evidence of weathering, indicating biodegradation and oxidation. They contain less aromatics and more asphaltenes than Dead Sea asphalt. Evaporation and biodegradation are recorded at a molecular level, especially via the phenanthrenes and dibenzothiophenes. However, several isotopic and molecular parameters allowed us to correlate the Tel Miqne-Ekron asphalt with the Dead Sea asphalt from the floating blocks. The asphalts of Hasbeya and Wadi Weida’a do not match the Tel Miqne-Ekron asphalt. The latter, in particular, is much more biodegraded, based on its steranes. The study shows that the Dead Sea asphalt was imported to Tel Miqne-Ekron over a 500 year period. This trade posed no problem in the 7th century BC when Philistia, Israel and Judah were at peace as part of the Pax Assyriaca of the Assyrian Empire. However, trade during the 12th century BC is puzzling since the asphalt had to be transported across Israelite territory that was hostile to the Philistines, as indicated in the Bible (e.g., Samson and Delilah, David and Goliath). Consequently it seems that profitable commerce surpassed ethnic, religious and political conflict, as can also be observed in the contemporary world. 相似文献
4.
Pyrolysis of asphaltenes from crude oils yields significant amounts of crude oil-like material. Studies of asphaltenes and their pyrolysis products from biodegraded and non-biodegraded oils show that biodegradation does not affect the composition of asphaltene. The overall composition of the oil produced from them on pyrolysis is similar to, yet significantly different from, that of the parent oil. From these compositional differences, it is concluded that asphaltene and its pyrolysis products contain geochemical information which is characteristic, and therefore may shed light on the history of the oil prior to asphaltene formation. 相似文献
5.
兰州市大气飘尘中有机物浓度的变化及其分布特征 总被引：17，自引：3，他引：17
本文收集了兰州市区和郊区在取暖期和非取暖期的大气飘尘样品和汽车尾气及烟尘样品。对这些样品中有机物总量以及备馏分，即:饱和烃、芳香烃、非烃和沥青质进行了定量分析，结果表明:（１）大气飘尘中有机物浓度在取暖期高于非取暖期，且市区高于郊区；（２）通过对烟尘和汽车尾气样品中有机物各馏分浓度与兰州市区大气飘尘的样品各馏分浓度的比较，其结果是西团区受工业污染较为严重，盘旋路受汽车尾气的污染较为严重，铁路局受烟尘的污染较为严重；（３）兰州市整体污染主要受到燃煤、汽车排放的尾气和工业生产等污染，但具体某一季节或某一区域，这三者之间污染程度有一定的差异。 相似文献
6.
北京市大气PM10中有机污染物的分布特征 总被引：8，自引：7，他引：1
大气有机污染物直接影响着人类的健康及其赖以生存的环境。通过采集北京市2005年春、夏、秋、冬4季不同功能区的大气PM10样品,经索氏抽提分离得到饱和烃、芳香烃、非烃、沥青质4 个组分,对不同功能区不同季节大气有机物污染水平及其分布特征进行探讨。结果表明: 大气PM10中有机物年均质量浓度达41.39 μg/m3,为清洁对照点十三陵的1.4倍;一年中,冬季污染最严重,PM10中有机污染物的质量浓度达67.04 μg/m3,为春季的1.倍、秋季的2.1倍、夏季的4.5倍;有机组分含量呈现非烃＞沥青质＞芳烃＞饱和烃的变化趋势,说明燃煤污染在北京市大气有机污染中仍然起主导作用;各功能区的有机污染程度不同,表现出工业区（商业区）＞居民区（交通区）＞清洁区的特点,但不同季节的变化不完全一致;不同功能区有机组分的比例体现出不同污染源的相对影响。 相似文献
7.
The identification of marine source rocks in the Tarim Basin is debated vigorously. The intention of this paper is to investigate the asphahenes in heavy oils from the Lunnan and Tabe oilfields and Well TD2 with ruthenium-ions-catalyzed oxidation technique (RICO), in order to explore its role in oil-oil and oil-source correlations, The RICO products included n-alkanoic acids, α,ω-di-n-alkanoic acids, branched alkanoic acids, tricyclic terpanoic acids, hopanoic acids, gammacerane carboxylic acid , regular sterane carboxylic acids and 4-methylsterane carboxylic acids. The n-alkyl chains and biomarkers bounded on the asphaltenes were of unsusceptibility to biodegradation. The distribution and absolute concentrations of n-alkanoic acids in the RICO products of heavy oils from the Lunnan and Tabe oilfields are different from those of Well TD2. The biomarkers bounded on the asphahenes, especially steranes, have a distribution trend similar to that of the counterparts in saturates. The sterane carboxylic acids and 4-methylsterane carboxylic acids in the RICO products of heavy oils from the Lunnan and Tahe oilfields, dominated by C30 sterane and C31 4-methylsterane carboxylic acids, respectively, are significantly different from those of the heavy oils of Well TD2, whose dominating sterane and 4-methylsterane carboxylic acids are C28 sterane and C29 4-methylsterane acids, respectively. The RICO products of the asphaltenes further indicate that the Middle-Upper Ordovician may be the main source rocks for heavy oils from the Lunnan and Tabe oilfields. 相似文献
8.
Asphaltenes and NSO fractions from a variety of oils and tar sands have been characterized by pyrolysis-gas chromatography (Py---GC) using both flame ionization and flame photometric detectors. Organosulphur compounds were not always produced by pyrolysis of the asphaltenes isolated from the biodegraded tar sand extracts although pyrolysis of the NSO fractions produced a series of thiophenes from all of the samples examined. These observations suggest that under certain conditions, asphaltene fractions may be affected by biodegradation, leading to preferential removal of the sulphur containing compounds. In addition, it was observed that Py---GC of asphaltenes permitted oils to be differentiated on the basis of their source rock lithology. Oils derived from carbonate source rocks produced thiophene/benzothiopene ratios <1 whilst the same ratio was >1 for oils derived from shales. Thiophene/dibenzothiophene ratios could be used in a similar manner. 相似文献
9.
滇黔交界地区玄武岩铜矿中有机质的生物标志物特征及其地质意义 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
滇黔交界地区玄武岩中赋存的自然铜矿化与沥青密切相伴,玄武岩层间含碳沉积岩中的自然铜矿化发育大量碳质。本文采用有机质抽提、族组分定量及饱和烃色-质分析等方法对这两种产状的铜矿石中有机质的族组分含量和生物标志物进行了研究,并对其地质意义进行了探讨。通过研究取得如下认识：①含沥青铜矿石和含碳质铜矿石虽然产状明显不同,其有机质成因有明显差异,但其有机质族组分含量及生物标志物特征十分类似,反映它们经历了类似的地质作用;②有机质族组分及其生物标志物提供的来源信息较混乱,这可能是成矿流体循环改造导致的;③生物标志物特征表明,含沥青铜矿石及含碳质铜矿石中有机质经历了类似的较还原的高盐度环境,这可能是高盐度成矿流体及还原的成矿条件的指示;④生物标志物特征及氯仿沥青“A”低含量特征表明两类铜矿石中有机质成熟度高,这可能是成矿流体的热力对有机质改造的结果;⑤有机质生物标志物特征显示两类铜矿石中有机质生物降解作用不强,表明沥青的形成是原油受成矿热液热力影响发生热裂解的结果。 相似文献
10.
东天山自然铜矿化带矿石的有机质特征及其意义 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
新疆东天山地区与玄武岩有关的自然铜矿化带位于东天山觉罗塔格构造带内,自西向东有十里坡、黑龙峰、长城山、东尖峰等主要矿(化)点。本文基于有机质中氯仿沥青“A”及其组分(饱和烃、芳烃、非烃、沥青质)及生物标志物(正构烷烃、类异戊二烯烃、萜烷、甾烷)的分析,研究自然铜矿化带矿石的有机质特征及其与自然铜成矿作用的关系。结果表明,自然铜矿化带矿石中的有机质来源于海相页岩; 有机质总量及氯仿沥青“A”含量较低,应不存在强烈的后期有机质叠加; 各主要矿(化)点的自然铜矿石中,氯仿沥青“A”含量及主要生物标志物特征值均具有变化范围小的特征,其有机质来源一致,并可能经历了相同的成矿作用过程,应无强烈的后期流体改造作用; 自然铜矿石中有机质的成熟度高,热液作用过程中有机质以热解为主,生物降解作用较弱,并指示了高盐度及还原环境,有机质对自然铜成矿的作用与滇黔地区玄武岩自然铜矿床相似,有机质对热液流体形成强还原环境具有重要作用; 有机质特征显示,自然铜的成矿以火山活动间歇期的同生火山热液成矿作用为主。 相似文献
11.
塔北隆起深层海相油藏中原油及族组分碳同位素组成的纵向分布特征及其地质意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用MAT252同位素质谱仪分析了塔里木盆地塔北隆起深层海相油藏中原油及族组分的碳同位素组成。研究表明该区深层海相油藏中原油的全油碳同位素组成主要受生源控制,受热力作用影响较小;而在继承生源的碳同位素组成的基础上,热力作用将对原油族组分的碳同位素组成及其逆转和分馏产生重要影响。总的趋势是随着油藏埋藏深度的增大和热力作用的加强,饱和烃组分的碳同位素组成逐渐变重,而沥青质组分的碳同位素组成不断变轻,族组分碳同位素逆转程度和分馏程度有所加强,并出现饱和烃﹥芳烃﹥非烃﹥沥青质的整体逆转现象。塔北隆起深层海相原油族组分的碳同位素组成的纵向变化特征,可以反映出热力作用对原油稳定性的影响。 相似文献
12.
Jing Zhao Zewen Liao Lühui Zhang Patrice Creux Chupeng Yang Anna Chrostowska Haizu Zhang Alain Graciaa 《Applied Geochemistry》2010
Being the heaviest fraction of crude oils, asphaltenes are liable to aggregate, and other molecules in the oils can be steadily adsorbed onto, and even occluded inside the macromolecular structures of the asphaltenes. These occluded compounds inside the asphaltenes can survive over geological time in oil reservoirs owing to effective protection by the macromolecular structures of the asphaltenes. The asphaltenes of a crude oil (ZG31) from the central Tarim Basin, NW China, were hierarchically degraded by increasing the amount of H2O2/CH3COOH to release the occluded compounds. Besides the common components, series of even numbered n-alk-1-enes and 3-ethylalkanes were detected among the occluded compounds. Comparison of the biomarker distributions and the compound-specific C isotopic results between the compounds from the maltenes and those from the occluded fraction, the ZG31 reservoir was suggested to have been charged multiple times, with different charges being derived from different strata of source rocks. 相似文献
13.
柯坪隆起区是塔里木盆地海相烃源岩露头发育较好的地区之一,但相关的油气研究报道不多。本文详细研究了塔里木盆地柯坪隆起区油苗的有机地球化学特征并进行了相关的成因分析。阿克苏油苗经历了严重的生物降解作用,饱和烃生物标志物所能提供的成因信息十分有限。原油沥青质组分及储层吸附/包裹烃受后生作用影响较小,综合分析油苗沥青质热解产物与吸附/包裹烃的生物标志物及其碳同位素组成可以获得更多有效的成因信息。研究结果表明,阿克苏油苗与其储层吸附/包裹烃具有不同来源。油苗、沥青质以及沥青质热解产物的碳同位素特征与已经报道的多数海相原油及其沥青质较为接近,与典型的寒武系烃源来源的原油差异显著。而储层吸附/包裹烃与已报道的典型寒武系烃源岩来源油的生物标志物及碳同位素特征比较类似,可能形成于较高的热演化阶段。 相似文献
14.
High-sulfur,heavy petroleum is widely occurring in the Tertiary lacustrine Jiyang sub-basin, Bohai Bay Basin.They are differentiated into two families based on the bulk properties and biomarker compositions.Family 1 is characterized by high resins(40%-71%)and sulfur(2%-4%),and low wax (l%-6%),with n-alkanes removed by biodegradation,whereas family 2 is characterized by extremely abundant sulfur(3%-10%),and high asphaltenes(7%-31%)and wax(2%-19%),with no evidence of microbial attack.The oils of family 1 a... 相似文献
15.
A number of bitumen samples have been recovered from vugs and fractures in outcropping Tertiary basalts of the Queen Charlotte Islands off the west coast of British Columbia, Canada. n-Alkanes and acyclic isoprenoids are not present and the polycyclic biomarker distribution of the four samples analyzed by GC and GC-MS has been altered. One sample contains no remaining recognizable biomarkers. Two bitumens were also obtained from Lower Jurassic potential source rocks, including one from the Sandilands Formation, which was considered previously to be the most likely source of the Tertiary bitumens. Although these two bitumens were also taken from outcrops, they are considerably less biodegraded. The Sandilands Formation bitumen contains 28, 30-bisnorhopanes and since these compounds were not detected in the Tertiary bitumens, there is no evidence from the initial results for a Sandilands Formation contribution to the hydrocarbons in the Tertiary basalts. The presence of 18α(H)-oleanane in the saturate fraction of two of the Tertiary bitumens from widely separated locations indicates that they are at least partially sourced from Tertiary organic matter.Because the distribution of biomarkers in some samples has been severely affected by biodegradation, the asphaltenes of the bitumens were hydrously-pyrolysed and the saturate fractions of the resulting pyrolysates analysed for possible additional information on the origin of the bitumens. The pyrolysates from the more degraded samples contain compounds not detected in the saturate fractions of the original bitumen and show some of the expected characteristics of the original non-degraded bitumen. However, the compounds most useful for correlation are not present in the pyrolysates apparently due to their non-incorporation into the kerogen macromolecule. Our results suggest that hydrous-pyrolysis of asphaltenes is of limited use in the correlation of biodegraded samples and in determining their origins. 相似文献
16.
C.M. Ekweozor 《Organic Geochemistry》1986,10(4-6)
The major steranes of the non-asphaltene fraction of Nigerian tar sand bitumen (maltene) are the c27-c29 diasteranes [13β(H),17α(H); 20R + S] and C28-C29 regular steranes [14β (H),17β (H); 20S]. The reducing metal reaction products of the corresponding asphaltenes (maltene-I) contain mainly C27-C29 regular steranes with the 14β(H),17β(H); 20R + S and 14α(H),17α(H); 20R + S configurations as well as the corresponding diasteranes having the 13β(H),17α(H); 20R + S configuration. These sterane distributions suggest that maltene-I corresponds to an unaltered oil whilst the maltene is equivalent to the product of severe biodegradation of maltene-I. This is consistent with maltene-I being the remnant of “original oil” trapped within the asphaltene matrix and protected from the effect of in-reservior biodégradation.Degradation of Nigerian asphaltenes by refluxing with ferric chloride-acetic anhydride or methanolic potassium hydroxide also releases soluble reaction products having the characteristics of unaltered oil such as the presence of n-alkanes having an unbiased distribution. These methods appear to be milder and more suitable than reducing metal reactions for releasing hydrocarbons occluded by asphaltenes. 相似文献
17.
东营凹陷北部陡坡带稠油地球化学特征与成因 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
对东营凹陷北部陡坡带郑家—王庄地区稠油与相对稀油烃类组成进行了定性与定量分析。发现多数原油遭受不同程度的破坏 ,饱和烃、芳烃馏分呈有序缺失 ,于多数原油中检测到生物降解标志物 2 5 -降藿烷系列。地质与地球化学综合研究认为 ,以生物降解—氧化及相关的生化 /化学作用、以水洗—重力分异—轻质组分逸散为主的物理作用是郑家—王庄原油稠化的重要机理 ;东营凹陷北部“有限后退型”盆地边界发育的风化壳潜山、砂砾岩扇体储层孔渗条件好、油藏埋深浅、盖层条件差和不整合面等通道与外界的连通是郑家—王庄及邻区重质油形成的根本原因。提出生物标志物绝对定量可作为识别原油遭受次生改造作用程度、判断不同类型生物标志物抵抗降解能力大小的有效指标。利用生物标志物 ,发现郑家—王庄局部地区原油具有不同降解级别原油相混的混合现象 ,可能反映两次或多次充注。郑家—王庄及其邻区有望获得相对稀油新增储量。 相似文献
18.
过硫酸盐已经被广泛用于土壤和地下水有机污染物的原位化学氧化修复。随着乙醇汽油的推广,乙醇汽油引起的地下水污染问题越来越严重,因此有必要去除该类污染物。前人研究乙醇汽油污染修复多数停留在自然修复技术,为了进一步探究去除地下水中乙醇汽油更为有效的技术手段,深入了解乙醇对降解苯系物（BTEX）存在的潜在风险,需要研究使用新的修复方法。文章通过批实验探索了过硫酸盐氧化法对乙醇汽油污染地下水的修复效果,以及Fe2+活化和过硫酸盐添加方式变化对乙醇汽油中苯系物（BTEX）和乙醇的去除影响。结果表明:活化后的过硫酸盐能够有效去除地下水中的BTEX,但会抑制BTEX的生物降解作用;当有乙醇存在时,过硫酸盐能够优先氧化BTEX,其去除速率明显高于乙醇,这与单纯生物降解作用相反。在过硫酸盐投注总量一定时,分批添加更有利于BTEX的去除,但对乙醇去除没有明显促进作用。该研究为过硫酸盐原位化学氧化技术在地下水乙醇汽油污染修复中的应用提供了重要参考。 相似文献
19.
Thickened heavy oils in China are genetically characteristic of continental fades. As to their physico-chemical properties,
these oils are very high in viscosity and low in sulphur and trace element contents. In the group constituents, the concentrations
of non-hydrocarbons and asphaltene are very high but those of saturated hydrocarbons and aromatics are very low. The gas chromatograms
of alkanes show that these heavy oils have high abundances of iso - alkanes and cyclic hydrocarbons. In all the steroids and
terpenoids, bicyclic sesquiterpenoids, tricyclic diterpenoids, re - arranged steranes and gammacerane are strongly biodegradation
- resistent. The formation of heavy oil reservoirs is controlled mainly by late basin ascendance, biodegradation, flushing
by meteoric water and oxidation in the oil - bearing formations. According to their formation mechanisms, heavy oil reservoirs
can be classified as four categories: weathering and denudation, marginal oxidation, secondary migration and thickening of
bottom water. Spatially, heavy thick oil reservoirs are distributed regularly: they usually show some paragenetic relationships
with normal oil reservoirs. Heavy oil reservoirs often occur in structural highs or in overlying younger strata. Their burial
depth is about 2000m. Horizontally, most of them are distributed on the margins of basins or depressions.
Weng Weijin, Guo Jiaofeng and Li Huaqi also took part in this work. 相似文献
20.
Native antioxidants (AO) are involved in the transformation of organic matter (OM) in different stages of diagenesis. In the early stages, the geochemical significance of AO can be estimated by using AO consumption index (I). The positive I values suggest that the OM fossilization proceeded under reducing conditions which favoured the formation of oil-source rocks, while the negative I values indicate oxidizing conditions which are characterized by the formation of rocks having a low oil-generation potential. In the late stages of diagenesis, the AO content is indicative of the degree of catagenic (thermal) or biodegradation (oxidative) transformation of oils. The AO contents of Paleogenic, Mesozoic and Paleozoic oils have been found to differ approximately by one order of magnitude. A major portion of AO is concentrated in oil resins and asphaltenes. The ratio of AO to resins and asphaltenes can be used as criterion of catagenic transformation of OM. 相似文献