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1.
本文利用紫坪铺水库台网记录到的波形资料,计算了2004～2008年170个ML≥1.0级地震的震源参数.紫坪铺水库震源参数计算结果与其他大陆地区有明显不同:(1)拐角频率远低于其他大陆地区结果,表明库区地震波传播经过了较强的衰减过程;(2)视应力计算结果比其他地区小3个数量级,可能是由于库区地震波的高频成分衰减强烈,低估了能量集中在高频的小地震的地震辐射能量.分析了蓄水前后拐角频率和地震矩以及视应力和地震矩关系(视应力标度率)变化,结果表明:相同地震矩的地震蓄水后拐角频率增加,地震高频成分相对丰富;蓄水前视应力与地震矩的关系不明显,蓄水后视应力随地震矩的增加而增加.视应力标度率的改变可能是蓄水后地震震源物理过程逐渐改变的直接反映. 相似文献
2.
川东南地区地震视应力时空分布特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用四川数字地震台网记录资料,计算2008年汶川地震后,川东南地区ML 3.0以上地震的震源动力学参数特征,分别得到视应力、应力降与震级之间、震级和地震矩之间,以及地震矩和视应力之间的定标关系。通过扣除震级影响,计算归准化视应力值的时空变化特征。得到结果如下:1从时间分布图来看,研究区4级以上地震频发时段刚好对应视应力涨落较明显时段,而该时段当地工业采矿注水活动强烈,故该区域视应力水平或许反映了工业活动对区域应力场的影响;2从空间分布图来看,自贡隆昌一带震级偏大,视应力反而偏小的现象可能与该区域应力释放不充分、构造应力水平偏低有关,未来要关注该区域发生中强地震的可能。 相似文献
3.
通过对2018年台湾海峡6.2级地震震中及邻区地震活动、小震震源机制解、地震视应力等资料进行综合分析,研究了6.2级地震前区域地震活动及应力状态特征,结合大陆和台湾岛GPS测量资料的分析,探讨岛陆两地相对运动对区域应力场等的影响.结果表明：(1)地震前5年起上述区域地震活动明显由弱转强,中小地震及震群活动由海域逐步向粤闽赣湘交界广泛扩散,表明地震活动增强可能是较大范围应力场增强所致;(2)震源机制和应力场的分析表明,区域应力场呈现拉张(震前15年)-挤压(震前5年)-拉张(震前半年)的演化特征;地震视应力计算结果同样显示震前5年开始区域应力水平快速大幅上升并持续至临震前半年转为下降;(3)GPS基线长期观测表明台湾岛相对大陆存在年度“分离-相聚”交替运动,6.2级地震前两岸经历了“分离-相聚-分离”2次明显的倒转运动,运动方式倒转时间与应力场及地震活动变化存在准同步性.分析认为台湾海峡及粤闽赣湘交界等区域应力状态及地震活动可能主要受制于两岸相对运动方式,台湾岛震前持续近5年朝大陆挤压造成区域应力持续增强可能是导致6.2级地震以剪切破裂方式发生的直接因素.菲律宾海板块位于台湾岛东部的动力... 相似文献
4.
郯庐断裂带南段及邻区中小地震视应力的时空特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用安徽地区测震台网记录的波形资料, 采用波形分析和反演的方法计算了郯庐断裂带南段及邻区中小地震的视应力, 分析研究视应力的时空变化特征, 并讨论其与地震矩等震源参数之间的关系。 结果表明: ① 利用提取的地震震源谱数据计算得到郯庐断裂带南段及邻区中小地震的视应力值为0.05～0.9 MPa, 平均为0.20 MPa, 以此可作为该区域的背景应力水平; ② 时间变化显示视应力在黄海ML5.1、 江西九江ML6.0及河南太康ML5.0地震前呈现持续高值异常状态, 震后趋于正常水平, 而江西九江6.0级地震后视应力再次出现高值异常, 随后发生了安徽定远ML4.7地震, 一定程度上说明郯庐断裂南段及邻区中小地震的高视应力水平与华东地区中强震有较好的对应关系; ③ 空间分布显示高视应力集中区与地震高辐射能区域具有一定的相关性, 主要位于嘉山—滁州段的皖、 苏交界区附近和庐江县附近, 该区域相继发生过定远4.7级和安庆4.8级地震, 并推断认为庐江县附近发生破坏性地震的危险性可能更大, 值得高度关注; ④ 视应力随着地震矩增加而增加的趋势不明显, 拐角频率与地震矩大体呈负相关。 相似文献
5.
本文首先通过Snoke发展的利用P波、 SV波和SH波的初动和振幅比方法计算秦岭—大别东段2008年以来83次ML≥2.5地震的震源机制解, 然后通过FMSI方法反演得到平均应力场的方向特征: 近东西向的水平挤压和近南北向的水平拉张作用, 与参数统计结果一致; 进而通过震源机制的一致性参数分析应力场方向的变化信息。 分析表明震源机制解呈现了由变化紊乱、 偏离平均应力场到变化一致、 趋于平均应力场再到变化紊乱、 偏离平均应力场的变化过程, 在显著地震前, 研究区整体的震源机制一致性参数处于持续低值状态; 计算了2008年以来93次ML≥2.5地震的视应力, 拟合视应力与震级的关系, 分析扣除震级影响的差视应力随时间变化特征, 近似反映研究区应力大小的变化。 分析表明显著地震前研究区的差视应力值呈现出明显的先上升后下降的变化过程, 在下降过程中发生地震; 最后利用震源机制一致性参数和差视应力综合分析研究区的应力状态, 均表明显著地震前震源区的构造应力场增强。 目前研究区的震源机制一致性参数较高、 差视应力较低, 研究区的应力水平较低。 相似文献
6.
为了观测京津地区小地震的应力降分布,我们采用了1986年以来北京台网记录到的发生在该地区的小地震资料,用时间域中计算小地震震源参数的方法,求出了81个小地震的应力降值。表1及表2分别给出了1986年4月至12月及1987年11月至1988年9月的小地震震源参数值。表中T_r为由地震图中测出的P波初动半周期,u_(αm)为P波初动振幅,α为求出的震源半径,M_0为地震矩,Δσ为应力降。震源半径α是利用参考文献[1]中的T_r-α/V关系曲线,假定Q=400,破裂速度V=2.75公 相似文献
7.
2008年盈江地震序列的震源参数和震源机制相关系数研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于云南数字地震台网记录的2008年盈江地震序列的数字波形资料, 采用波谱分析方法和Brune震源模型, 得到盈江地震序列的震源参数。 利用两次地震事件的相同台站的震源谱参数(零频振幅)计算谱振幅相关系数, 据此对地震的震源机制进行聚类分组, 并收集和对比地震序列已知的震源机制解结果, 发现每组内震源机制解P轴的相关性较好, 且相关系数越大, P轴的方位角就越接近。 将盈江地区划分为三个研究区, 联合震源参数的应力降和聚类分组中每组的平均震源机制解结果研究地震序列发生过程中应力的释放水平和应力场方向变化特征。 结果表明: 不同阶段震源机制解类型的变化和转化特征一定程度上反映了孕震过程中区域应力场随时间的变化特征, 并且地震震源机制解类型在时间段上的集中并向区域构造应力场方向转换的现象可能是发生强震的标志。 震源机制解分组类型和对应类型的地震的应力降有一定依赖关系, 震源机制解类型反映的应力场与区域应力场接近的地震应力降高, 震源机制解类型反映的应力场与区域应力场差距较大的地震应力降普遍较低。 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
地震视应力及其物理意义的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对NEIC宽频带地震辐射能量目录和哈佛CMT目录,给出全球震级大于5．5级的有能量记录的地震资料进行统计研究。首先,拟合得到全球浅源地震和不同类型地震平均视应力的大小和范围,验证了前人得到的“走滑型视应力大于倾滑型视应力”的结论;其次,对折合能量和地震矩关系分析得到：正断层型地震的折合能量随着地震矩增大而减小,而对于走滑型和逆冲型地震未得到前人给出的明确结论;对主震视应力和余震视应力的分析比较表明,它们在量值上没有规律性,必须要结合实际的地震事件,才能反映出它们之间大小关系的真正物理内涵,因为不同的主震可能对震源区的应力场有不同的影响——造成震源区应力场的应力集中（障碍体模式）,大部分余震的视应力高于主震视应力;或使应力场更加均匀（凹凸体模式）,大部分余震视应力低于主震视应力。这些结论对地震震源理论研究具有一定意义。 相似文献
11.
P. Mandal Jainendra S. Joshi Sudesh Kumar Rajendra Bhunia B. K. Rastogi 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2004,161(8):1635-1654
On 26 January, 2001 (03:46:55,UT) a devastating intraplate earthquake of Mw 7.7 occurred in a region about 5 km NW of Bhachau, Gujarat (23.42°N, 70.23°E). The epicentral distribution of aftershocks defines a marked concentration along an E-W trending and southerly dipping (45°) zone covering an area of (60 × 40) km2. The presence of high seismicity including two earthquakes of magnitudes exceeding 7.7 in the 200 years is presumed to have caused a higher level of shallow crustal heterogeneity in the Kutch area; a site lying in the seismic zone V (zone of the highest seismicity for potentially M8 earthquakes) on the seismic zoning map of India. Attenuation property of the medium around the epicentral area of the Bhuj earthquake covering a circular area of 61,500 km2 with a radius of 140 km is studied by estimating the coda-Qc from 200 local earthquakes of magnitudes varying from 3.0–4.6. The estimated Q0 values at locations in the aftershock zone (high seismicity) are found to be low in comparison to areas at a distance from it. This can be attributed to the fact that seismic waves are highly scattered for paths through the seismically active and fractured zone but they are well behaved outside the aftershock zone. Distribution of Q0 values suggests that the local variation in Q0 values is probably controlled by local geology. The estimated Q0 values at different stations suggest a low value of Q=(102 ± 0.80)*f(0.98 ± 0.02) indicating an attenuative crust beneath the entire region. The frequency-dependent relation indicates a relatively low Qc at lower frequencies (1–3 Hz) that can be attributed to the loss of energy due to scattering attenuation associated with heterogeneities and/or intrinsic attenuation due to fluid movement in the fault zone and fluid-filled cracks. The large Qc at higher frequencies may be related to the propagation of backscattered body waves through deeper parts of the lithosphere where less heterogeneity is expected. Based on the attenuation curve estimated for Q0=102, the ground acceleration at 240 km distance is 13% of 1 g i.e., 0.13 g agreeing well with the ground acceleration recorded by an accelerograph at Ahmedabad (0.11 g). Hence, it is inferred that the Q0 value obtained from this study seems to be apt for prediction of ground motion for the region. 相似文献
12.
收集、整理四川省地震台网2013年5月至2017年9月产出的震相观测报告数据,采用单台多震和达法,重点分析2017年8月8日九寨沟MS 7.0强震前龙门山断裂带中北段地区波速比变化特征。结果表明：龙门山断裂带中段西侧的茂县地震台,在发震前2年左右,波速比出现一次持续时间约一年半的下降异常;发震前半年左右,波速比出现明显回返特征,波速比回返至均值上下时即发生九寨沟MS 7.0地震;震源区周边其他6个地震台波速比在发震前变化较平稳。茂县地震台波速比低值异常对判定九寨沟MS 7.0强震前龙门山断裂带中北段可能存在孕震体具有重要参考价值。 相似文献
13.
Shanxi Graben is in the middle part of the North China Craton, from south to north. With the teleseismic data recorded by Regional Seismograph Networks and the temporary ZBnet-W Seismic Array around east part of Shanxi Graben, we measured the crustal thickness and vP/vS ratio beneath each station using the H-κ stack of receiver functions. The observed crustal thickness shows obvious lateral variation, increasing gradually from east to west in the Shanxi Graben. Beneath the Shanxi Graben the crust is relatively thicker than both sides of the south and the north. In addition, the vP/vS ratio in the north of study zone is higher than that in the south. The highest vP/vS ratio exists in the crust of the Xinding basin and the Datong basin. Our study also suggests that high velocity ratio might result from the strong activities of the magmation and volcanism. 相似文献
14.
A tomographic study of the V
p and V
p/V
s structures in the crust and upper mantle beneath the Taiwan region of China is conducted by simultaneous inversion of P and
S arrival times. Compared with the previous tomographic results, the spherical finite difference technique is suitable for
the strong heterogeneous velocity structure, and may improve the accuracy in the travel time and three-dimensional ray tracing
calculations. The V
p and V
p/V
s structures derived from joint inversion and the relocated earthquakes can provide better constraints for analyzing the lateral
heterogeneity and deep tectonic characters in the crust and upper mantle. Our tomographic results reveal significant relations
between the seismic wavespeed structure and the tectonic characters. In the shallow depth, sedimentary basins and orogen show
distinct wavespeed anomalies, with low V
p, high V
p/V
s in basins and high V
p, low V
p/V
s in orogen. As the suture zone of Eurasian Plate and Philippine Sea Plate, Longitudinal Valley is characterized by a significant
high V
p/V
s anomaly extending to the middle-lower crust and upper mantle, which reflects the impact of rock cracking, partial melting,
and the presence of fluids. In the northeast Taiwan, the V
p, V
p/V
s anomalies and relocated earthquakes depict the subducting Philippine Sea Plate under the Eurasian Plate. The high V
p of oceanic plate and the low V
p, high V
p/V
s atop the subducted oceanic plate extend to 80 km depth. Along the east-west profiles, the thickness of crust reaches 60 km
at the east of Central Range with eastward dipping trend, which reveals the eastward subduction of the thickened and deformed
crust of the Eurasian continental plate.
Supported by Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX3-SW-234-2), National Basic Research
Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB411701), National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2006AA09A101-0201)
and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40804016, 40704013) 相似文献
15.
In this paper we study the variation of Vp/Vs and Poisson's ratio (δ) in the Yellowstone National Park region, using earthquakes which were well recorded by a local seismic network. We find that the average Vp/Vs value within the geothermally active Yellowstone caldera is about 7% lower than in the area outside the caldera. Within the caldera itself there may be a further 2–7% reduction of Vp/Vs in the hydrothermally active Norris Geyser Basin, the Upper and Lower Geyser Basins, and the Yellowstone Lake and Mud Volcano regions. After considering various possible causes for Vp/Vs changes, such as geologic and structural differences, thermal effects, partial melting, and hydrothermal activity, we conclude that the most plausible explanation for the observed Vp/Vs reduction is the presence of hot-water at temperatures and pore-pressures near the water steam transition in the caldera geothermal reservoirs. 相似文献
16.
利用布设于兴蒙造山带诺敏河火山群地区的宽频带流动地震台站资料,基于接收函数方法,获取了该地区的地壳厚度与波速比值.研究结果显示,该地区的地壳厚度介于32~38 km,莫霍面深度在空间上分布特征与五大连池为中心的火山带分布具有较好的一致性：沿着火山带延展方向地壳较薄.该地区的波速比介于1.74~1.84,波速比在空间上与地壳厚度变化具有一致性：高波速比主要集中于靠近五大连池火山带地区,向诺敏河火山和小古里河火山延展.研究认为：诺敏河火山与五大连池火山带可能具有相同的岩浆来源,可能与富钾岩石圈地幔拆沉作用造成的地幔热物质上涌有关.研究区地壳厚度与波速比呈现负相关关系,暗示该地区可能发生过岩浆底侵作用. 相似文献
17.
18.
Abstract Petrogenetic grids for ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphism were calculated at different Xco2 conditions in the model system CaO-MgO-SiO2-CO2-H2O involving coesite (Co), diopside (Di), dolomite (Do), enstatite (En), forsterite (Fo), magnesite (Ms), quartz (Qz), talc (Tc), tremolite (Tr) using a published internally consistent thermodynamic data set. Two P-T grids at Xco2= 0.01 and 0.5 are described. In the calculated P-T grid at Xco2= 0.01, four out of 10 stable invariant points, Co-En-Ms-Tc, Co-Di-En-Tc-Tr, Co-Di-Ms-Tc-Tr and Di-En-Ms-Tc-Tr lie within the stability field of coesite. If the fluid phase has Xco2= 0.5, no invariant point is stable under UHP conditions. Some magnesite-bearing assemblages are stabilized by the following three reactions: Di + Ms = Do + Fo + CO2, Ms + Tr = Do + Fo + CO2+ H2O and Ms + Tc = Fo+ CO2+ H2O at Xco2= 0.01 and by reaction Ms + Tc = Fo + CO2+ H2O together with these three at Xco2= 0.5. Ten possible UHP assemblages for mafic and ultramafic compositions at very low Xco2 conditions include the following: Co-Do-Ms, Co-Di-Ms, Co-Di-Tc, Di-Ms-Tc, Di-En-Tc-, Di-En-Ms, Co-Di-En, Di-En-Fo, Di-Fo-Ms, Di-Do-Fo. Among them, talc-bearing assemblages are restricted to Xco2 < 0.02 and their high-P limit is 31.7 kb (749°C) at Xco2= 0.01. Dolomite-magnesite-silica assemblages have large P-T stability fields even if Xco2 is as low as 0.1, and could occur in cold subduction zones with very low geothermal gradients. Reported UHP coesite-dolomite assemblage is restricted only to a calc-silicate rock interlayered with marble where Xco2 is relatively higher; no such assemblage appears for mafic and ultramafic rocks with low Xco2 evidenced by the occurrence of diopside (or omphacite) at the expense of dolomite + coesite. The effect of Xco2 on the stability of coesite-dolomite-magnesite, diopside-enstatite-magnesite, diopside-talc assemblages is examined and the occurrence of coesite-dolomite, magnesite-bearing and talc-bearing assemblages in the Dabie UHP rocks are interpreted by employing the calculated P-T grids. 相似文献
19.
Data from 753 earthquakes are used to determine a relationship between surface-wave magnitude (M
s) and bodywave magnitude (m
b), and from 541 earthquakes to determine a relationship between surface-wave magnitude (M
s) and local magnitude (M
L) for China and vicinity: M
s=0.9883 m
b-0.0420, M
s=0.9919 M
L-0.1773. The relationship of M
s
versus m
b is obtained for 292 events occurred in the Chinese mainland in the time period from 1964 to 1996, 291 events occurred in
Taiwan in the time period from 1964 to 1995 and 170 events occurred in the surrounding area. Standard deviation of the fitting
is 0.445. Relationship of M
s
versus M
L is obtained for 36 events occurred in the Chinese mainland, 293 events occurred in Taiwan, China and 212 events occurred
in the surrounding area. The total amount is 541 events. Standard deviation of the fitting is 0.4673.
The uncertainties of the converted M
s in different magnitude intervals can be estimated using complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF). In the relationship
of M
s
versus m
b, taking ±0.25 as a range of uncertainties, in magnitude interval m
b 4.0–4.9, the probabilities for the converted M
s taken value less than (M
s-0.25) and more than (M
s+0.25) are 17% and 27% respectively. Similarly, we have probabilities for m
b 5.0–5.9 are 34% and 20% and that for m
b 6.0–6.9 are 11% and 47%.
In the relationship of M
s
versus M
L, if the range of uncertainties is still taken as ±0.25, the corresponding probabilities for magnitude interval M
L 4.0–4.9 are 22% and 38%, for M
L 5.0–5.9 are 20% and 15% and for magnitude interval M
L 6.0–6.9, are 15% and 29%, respectively.
The relationships developed in this paper can be used for the conversion of one magnitude scale into another magnitude scales
conveniently. The estimation of uncertainties described in this paper is more accurate and more objective than the usual estimation
expressed by deviation. The estimations described in this paper indicate various dispersions in different magnitude intervals
of original data. The estimations of uncertainties described by probabilities can be well connected with the total estimations
of uncertainties in seismic hazard assessment. 相似文献
20.
Ultrasonic compressional wave velocity Vp and quality factor Qp have been measured in alkali basalt, olivine basalt and basic andesite melts in the frequency range of 3.4–22 MHz and in the temperature range of 1100–1400°C. Velocity and attenuation of the melts depend on frequency and temperature, showing that there are relaxation mechanisms in the melts. Complex moduli are calculated from the ultrasonic data. The results fit well a complex modulus of Arrhenius temperature dependence with log-normal Gaussian distribution in relaxation times of attenuation. The analysis yields average relaxation time, its activation energy, relaxed modulus, unrelaxed modulus and width of Gaussian distribution in relaxation times. Relaxed modulus is smaller (17.5 GPa) for basic andesite melt of high silica and high alumina contents than for the other two basalt melts (18.1–18.4 GPa). The most probable relaxation times decrease from ～ 3 × 10?10 s for basic andesite to ～ 10?11 s for alkali basalt at 1400°C. Activation energies of attenuation, ranging from 270 to 340 kJ mol?1 in the three melts, are highest in basic andesite. Longitudinal viscosity values and their temperature dependences are also calculated from Vp and Qp data. The volume viscosity values are estimated from the data using the shear viscosity values. Longitudinal, volume and shear viscosities and their activation energies are highest in the basic andesite melt of the most polymerized structure. 相似文献