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1.
裂谷盆地是夭折的裂谷。在其所形成的伸展构造中蕴藏有丰富的石油及天然气。渤海湾盆地是典型的裂谷盆地,按其形成和发展可划分为五个阶段:即萌芽阶段;初成阶段;沉陷阶段;回返阶段及裂谷后沉陷阶段。这五个阶段的特征在深陷带地区表现最为明显,其中沉陷阶段和回返阶段对油气的形成及聚集关系最为密切。渤海湾盆地的构造演化、岩浆活动、断裂变动及油气的形成、运移、聚集等是一个有机整体不可分割的部分。它们有着内在联系及一定的规律性,对这方面进一步深入研究将会对油气勘探工作起着指导作用。 相似文献
2.
温度是地下水的固有属性，地下水温度场和动态特征是地下水流系统的外在表现。为揭示地下水开采等人类活动影响下西北内陆盆地浅层地下水温度场特征与地下水流系统的关系，基于多点位、长序列、高精度的地下水温度监测数据，在酒泉东盆地开展了地下水温度场及动态特征研究。结果表明:酒泉东盆地浅层地下水温度9.33~20.77℃不等，平均水温为13.54℃，自地下水补给区至排泄区，沿地下水径流方向，浅层地下水温度逐渐升高；循环深度相近的不同地下水流系统对比表明，浅层地下水温度与地下水动力条件呈负相关，地表水入渗补给大、水动力条件强的水流系统地下水平均温度低，入渗补给小、水动力条件弱的地下水平均温度高；浅层地下水温度动态受自然地下水循环和地下水开采等人类活动共同影响，从山前地下水补给区到中游绿洲区再到下游排泄区，浅部地下水温度动态可划分为4种基本类型，依次分别为河流补给型、水温稳定型、开采相关型、正弦波动型。 相似文献
3.
塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩不整合带的结构 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
塔中地区中上奥陶统与下奥陶统之间发育碳酸盐岩不整合,不整合带是溶解作用发生的有利地带,可以作为烃类运移通道或油气聚集的场所。应用地质和地球物理方法对塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩不整合进行了研究。塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩不整合输导体在流体运动特点上不整合面上、下分属于两个不同的流体流动场,不整合面下,流动孔隙主要由孔洞缝孔隙体系构成,因此,流体的运动属于复杂介质条件下的流体运动,而不整合面上的层状渗透性体大多数情况下属于孔隙型介质,流体在其中的流动通常可以用达西定律加以描述。因此,不整合输导体中,流体从不整合面下向不整合面上运动,在流型上必然发生明显转换,这种转换对烃类的聚集是非常重要的。 相似文献
4.
为了研究断裂和不整合面配合在油气成藏与分布中的作用,在断裂和不整合面内部结构及输导油气特征基础上,采用断裂与沿不整合运移油气之间关系分析的方法,分析断裂沿不整合面侧向运移油气的聚集作用.结果表明:输导断裂对沿不整合面侧向运移油气的输导作用主要表现:改变运移路径和同层或跨层侧向连接输导作用.封闭断裂对沿不整合面侧向运移油气的聚集作用主要表现:形成断层遮挡型油气藏和反向断裂较顺向断裂更易形成油气藏.该研究为断裂沿不整合面侧向运移聚集的油气勘探开发提供指导. 相似文献
5.
西湖凹陷中央反转带中北部大型气田成藏因素及动态匹配关系至今不明。通过针对烃源岩、储层、输导体系及成藏期等成藏关键因素进行系统分析,建立"源-储-圈-输"的动态成藏过程分析中央反转带中北部大气田的成藏主控因素。研究表明始新统宝石组与平湖组煤系烃源岩不仅生气强度大,而且中新世晚期以来的快速生、排气为中央反转带中北部的大中型天然气藏提供了充足油气源;花港组小于4 000 m地层的酸性地层水是形成有利储层的关键;中新世晚期发生的龙井运动强烈挤压作用使中央反转带发生了构造变形和断层开启活动,为圈闭和油气输导通道的形成创造了条件。综合"源-储-圈-输"分析认为成藏主控因素在生烃期的有机耦合造就了始新统煤系烃源岩高效生气及天然气的有效运移聚集成藏的全过程。本次研究为研究区大气田的勘探提供了借鉴。 相似文献
6.
成矿场是指地质历史时期某成矿地区引起岩石变形的应力场,承载成矿作用引起流体效应的流体场,以及成矿元素迁移、沉淀、富集、叠加改造形成的物质场的总称.分析了一个成矿地区应力场、流体场、物质场的空间关系、研究内容与研究方法.根据成矿背景、控制因素、成矿环境将其分为7类成矿场,即:逆冲(推覆)-后伸展构造背景成矿场、走滑-伸展(伸展-走滑)-后逆冲构造背景成矿场、中酸性火山(次火山)岩浆活动背景成矿场、基性-超基性岩浆活动背景成矿场、盆地裂谷-海底喷流环境成矿场、外生海相建造环境成矿场、外生陆相建造环境成矿场.对前5类成矿场(以内生矿产为主)进行了系统的内涵表述.在此基础上对前5类成矿场的矿产勘查过程中关键地质因素进行了归纳分析,这对具体矿产勘查工作具有现实的指导意义. 相似文献
7.
孙建军 《东北石油大学学报》2013,(1):57-63,90,8
为研究断—砂配置在油气成藏中作用,在断裂带内部结构和输导、封闭油气特征研究的基础上,采用断—砂空间组合和实例分析方法,研究不同类型断—砂配置输导油气特征及成藏控制作用.结果表明:按照断裂和砂体位置关系可将断—砂配置分为砂体位于断裂上盘和砂体位于断裂下盘2种类型,砂体位于断裂上盘又可细分为砂体与水平面夹角大于0°、等于0°和小于0°共3种类型;油气运移方向不同,有利于油气输导的断—砂配置类型不同,当油气沿断裂垂向运移时,只有砂体位于断裂上盘,且砂体与水平面之间夹角大于0°的断—砂配置有利于油气从断裂向砂体中侧向分流输导运移.并且可在断裂附近的正向构造(断背斜、断块、断层遮挡圈闭)上形成油气藏;当油气沿砂体侧向运移时,顺向断裂与砂体的配置有利于油气从砂体向断裂中输导运移,而反向断裂与砂体的配置有利于油气聚集形成断背斜、断块和断层遮挡油气藏. 相似文献
8.
Cuiping Kuang Yue Ma Binyu Wang Jueyi Sui Jie Gu Jianhui Liu Gang Lei 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2018,17(6):1290-1300
Breakwaters can be used as artificial headlands in beach nourishment to mitigate coastal erosion. Longfengtou Beach, located on the southwest coast of Haitan Bay facing the Taiwan Strait on the northeast, suffers severe erosion, where the monsoon causes significant season hydrodynamic variations. Headland breakwaters are intended to be employed to mitigate coastal erosion. A 2D sediment transport model is established using MIKE21 based on current-wave coupling and calibrated by measured data. Summer and winter wave conditions are chosen as characteristic weak and strong waves respectively. The numerical results of suspended sediment concentration and seasonal morphological evolution are compared under the conditions with and without the headland breakwaters. Sediment transport in summer can be regarded as mainly determined by current field, while in winter wave effect is strong enough to change current field. The northern breakwater, nearly perpendicular to the ebb current direction, obstructs the currents and decreases velocity of the ebb currents, and confines the water carrying sediments within the protection area during the flood period. The southern breakwater also breaks the waves in advance and significantly reduces the hydrodynamic effects during the flood period and maintains high suspended sediment concentration in the protection area. In general, two headland breakwaters decrease the erosion near the beach and enlarge the deposition area, which play a significant role in prevention of sediment loss in nearshore area and mitigate coastal erosion. 相似文献
9.
断裂和不整合面是油气流体运移的良好通道,但对其流体活动特征的差异研究却不甚深入。以准噶尔盆地腹部地区为例,主要从流体活动的矿物岩石学记录入手,对断裂和不整合面的流体活动特征进行了对比研究。结果表明,断裂带流体活动复杂,在活动期均是油气流体运移的良好通道,并呈现出“幕式”特征,流体来源以深源含油气流体与大气降水影响为主。相比而言,不整合面之上流体来源较为单一,主要是含油气流体,而不整合面之下与断裂带地区类似,受到深源含油气流体与大气降水的复合影响。总体而言,断裂带流体活动强度要比不整合面上下的储层更强,断裂与不整合面纵横交叉之处是油气流体活动的有利通道,距不整合面越远,其流体活动强度越弱。这些认识可为区域油气勘探提供科学依据,也可供国内外同类研究类比参考。 相似文献
10.
Yangbing Xie Tuoyu Wu Jin Sun Hanyu Zhang Jiliang Wang Jinwei Gao Chuanxu Chen 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2018,17(1):25-34
Overpressure in deepwater basins not only causes serious soft sediment deformation, but also significantly affects the safety of drilling operations. Therefore, prediction of overpressure in sediments has become an important task in deepwater oil exploration and development. In this study, we analyze the drilling data from ODP Leg 184 Sites 1144, 1146, and 1148, and IODP Leg 349 Sites U1431, U1432, U1433, and U1435 to study the sediment compaction and controls in the northern South China Sea. Sedimentation rate, sediment content, distribution area, and buried depth are the factors that influence sediment compaction in the deepwater basin of the South China Sea. Among these factors, the sediment content is the most important. The fitted normal compacted coefficients and mudline porosity for an interval of 50 m shows disciplinary variation versus depth. The pore pressure predicted from different fitted results shows varying overpressure situations. The normal compaction trend from Site 1144 reflects the porosity variation trend in stable deposition basins in the northern South China Sea. The predicted pore pressure shows overpressure at Site 1144, which is attributed to compaction disequilibrium. Nevertheless, the mixed lithology column may influence the predicted over-pressure at Site 1148, which is responsible for the confusing result. Above all, we find that sediment compaction should serve as a proxy for pore pressure in the deepwater basin of the South China Sea. 相似文献
11.
二连盆地群是内蒙古自治区最大的一个晚中生代盆地群,都呼木盆地是其中之一富煤盆地,含煤层位于白垩纪彦花组第五段,煤层的煤质为中灰、中高硫、高发热量、低磷—中磷低氯的褐煤,受好来-锡林呼都格断裂控制形成的赛罕塔拉煤田,自然分割成了若干个规模不等的聚煤盆地。盆地边缘地区岩浆岩发育,以华力西中晚期、燕山早期侵入岩为主,岩性从超基性—酸性,一般呈岩基产出。煤层形成于漫流为主的沉积组合类型和浅水重力流和泥炭沼泽沉积物为主的沉积相。沉积环境对富煤带展布起控制作用,该区主要聚煤作用发生在盆地发育的晚期,富煤带在控盆断裂的西北一侧2～4km附近。 相似文献
12.
黄河三角洲是陆海交界地带,陆地海洋相互作用显著,泥沙所引起的岸滩演变、港口航道的淤积、水动力环境的改变等问题比较复杂。该文采用三维HEM-3D数值模型对黄河三角洲海域流场变化、盐度、悬浮泥沙浓度及海岸冲淤分布进行了潮流周期内的数值模拟分析。结果表明,黄河三角洲海域的悬浮泥沙浓度分布与潮流场变化和河口泥沙输入有密切的关系,在三角洲北部受五号桩外强潮流区的影响,近岸海底的泥沙发生明显的再悬浮,并在涨潮流向南输送,含沙量达1.5 g/L左右。在三角洲南部(现行河口区域和莱州湾区域),受现行河口入海泥沙扩散的影响显著。海域年冲淤分布,在北部废弃三角洲区域,由于海洋动力作用强烈,浅水冲刷,海底侵蚀显著,形成了明显呈沿岸展布的侵蚀中心,在侵蚀中心以外,侵蚀快速减弱。在现行河口区域,以淤积为主,在羽状流扩散的控制下,泥沙入海后向南输运,至莱州湾区域逐渐减弱。数值模拟的结果与卫星遥感解译的岸线变化基本一致,效果良好。 相似文献
13.
The southeast depression of Qinnan Sag is a potential oil-gas exploration region in the Bohai Sea area.With the analysis of large quantity of rock thin sections, scanning electron microscope and the physical property data of reservoir, the authors studied the petrological characteristics and the evolution of pore and fluid of sandstone in the deeper strata in 29-2 structure in Qinhuangdao area.The results show that the evolutionary tendency of Paleogene sandstone reservoir porous fluid in research area is changed from alkaline porous fluid to acidic porous fluid, and back to alkaline porous fluid.There are three stages of reservoir porous evolution in Qinhuangdao area, namely sharp decrease in porosity due to mechanical compaction, increase in porosity because of corrosion and dissolution, and remarkable reduction owing to carbonate cementation. 相似文献
14.
Modelling the Effects of Land-use Change on Runoff and Sediment Yield in the Weicheng River Watershed,Southwest China 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
As a major sediment area in the upper Yangtze River, Jialing River basin experienced substantial land-use changes, many water conservancy projects were constructed from the 1980 s onward to promote water and soil conservation. The water and sediment yield at the watershed outlet was strongly affected by these water conservation works, including ponds and reservoirs, which should be considered in the modelling. In this study, based on the observed data of the Weicheng River catchment, the relationships between precipitation, runoff, vegetation, topography and sediment yield were analyzed, a distributed runoff and sediment yield model(WSTD-SED) was developed, and the hydrological processes of different land-use scenarios were simulated by using the model. The main results are summarized as follows: 1) there is an alternating characteristic in river channels and reservoirs in the Jialing River hilly area, with scour occurring in wet years and deposit occurring in dry years. 2) Most of the sediment deposited in river channels and reservoirs is carried off by the largest flood in the year. 3) The model yielded plausible results for runoff and sediment yield dynamics without the need of calibration, and the WSTD-SED model could be usedto obtain qualitative estimates on the effects of land use change scenarios. 4) The modelling results suggest that a 10% increase in cropland(dry land) reforestation results in a 0.7% decrease in runoff and 1.5% decrease in sediment yield. 相似文献
15.
洪水研究包括径流与淹没两种模式。为了探究流域降雨产汇流与淹没情况、提高洪水预报精度,本研究在传统流域水文模型的基础上耦合二维水动力学模型,建立水文-水动力耦合模型。以我国吉林温德河流域为研究实例,模拟了2017年“7·13”洪水在下游口前镇所处子流域洪水淹没过程。首先对基础数据进行预处理,建立HEC-HMS水文模型并进行参数优化后,最终获得流量过程水文结果作为水动力学模型边界条件,之后建立HEC-RAS二维水动力学模型对重要子流域进行淹没模拟。耦合模型计算结果显示,水文模型经多参数优化流量模拟的NSE系数为0.988,水动力计算最大淹没水深达9.3 m相对误差为-5.2%。从泛洪模拟结果来看,子流域上游部分的农田大量被淹,淹没水深范围在0.5~2.0 m,平均流速基本在1 m/s以下。下游口前镇内最大淹没水深接近1 m,水流速度0.2 m/s至1.5 m/s,与实际的淹没情况相吻合。研究表明,所建水文水动力耦合模型模拟计算的结果准确率较高,对具有复杂水文、水力条件的流域的洪水预报具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
16.
沉积岩石中断裂与裂缝是含油气盆地流体活动的重要通道,断裂与裂缝中充填的不同期次、不同类型的矿物脉体是烃-水-岩相互作用的产物,记录了断裂、裂缝形成过程中不同期次流体性质、组分、来源以及温压场、氧化还原环境等信息,为研究沉积盆地断裂发育、流体动力场特征、物理化学环境及封闭与保存条件等地层古流体活动、动态演化过程提供了重要线索。系统总结了含油气盆地微观裂缝脉体流体活动示踪、演化的基本方法及其地质应用现状,认为目前主要集中在三个方面:①通过对裂缝脉体充填的成岩矿物岩石学观察,分析成岩矿物类型、结构及形成的相对次序;②通过对脉体成岩矿物的同位素、微量-稀土元素、流体包裹体等地球化学测试,示踪成脉古流体性质、来源、温压-氧化还原环境等;③通过对脉体成岩矿物放射性同位素(如U-Pb、Re-Os等)的测试,精确确定脉体形成时间,结合区域构造演化探讨脉体形成过程、流体动力场环境及其动态演化过程。最后分析了现有研究方法存在的问题,探讨今后的发展趋势及地质应用前景,以期为含油气盆地古流体演化及其与油气运移、聚集与保存等油气成藏机理的研究提供参考。 相似文献
17.
Particle image velocimetry and numerical simulations of the hydrodynamic characteristics of an artificial reef 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This article reports a particle image velocimetry study and the comparative results of a numerical simulation into the hydrodynamic characteristics around an artificial reef.We reveal the process of flow separation and vortex evolution,and compare the force terms generated by our artificial reef model.The numerical simulation agrees well with experimental results,showing the applicability of computational fluid dynamics to the hydrodynamics of an artificial reef.Furthermore,we numerically simulate the hydrodynamics of the reef model for seven velocities.The results show that the drag coefficient is approximately 1.21 in a self-modeling region for Reynolds numbers between 2.123×104and 9×104.Therefore,the upwelling height and current width of the flow field do not change significantly when the inflow velocity increases.Our study indicates that computational fluid dynamics can be applied to study the hydrodynamics of an artificial reef and offer clues to its construction. 相似文献
18.
Tóth总结提出的"嵌套式多级次水流系统"，和张人权等学者归纳总结的重力驱动地下水流系统理论，是地下水运移的重要理论基础。地下水的流动可能受到重力势、压实势、构造挤压力共同作用。然而，在对流型水热系统中发现了地下水补给区位置低于排泄区的反常现象。由于温度升高导致地热水密度减小和压力增大，使得地热水的实际压力水头增大，是出现这种反常现象的物理基础。笔者定义这种额外增大的压力水头为"地热驱动力"，分析其大小与地热水温度、盐度、黏滞度的关系并给出量化计算方法。在广东阳江新洲地热田的研究实例中，地热驱动力的启动点位于地热水循环的最深处4.34 km，该处由温度升高产生的地热驱动力的标准水头为+351.59 m，由盐度增加产生的地热驱动力的标准水头为-2.78 m，总的地热驱动力的标准水头为+348.81 m。地热水温度越高，地热驱动力越大；盐度越大，地热驱动力越小。地热驱动力的额外加持作用可以加快水热系统中地下水的循环。 相似文献
19.
北部湾盆地是南海北部最主要的含油气盆地之一,其中乌石凹陷东区流三段是主要的油气勘探目的层。该地层受控于复杂断裂体系,因此,其沉积模式及沉积微相展布一直是制约该区油气勘探突破的关键。通过岩心-钻井-地震资料的综合研究,深入分析了该区断层活动性及其空间展布、沉积物源体系及其沉积微相空间展布特征等,继而探讨了构造-沉积相互制约关系。研究结果表明:流三段沉积时期该区为非典型浅水三角洲沉积环境,物源来自于企西隆起,总体表现为近物源、分选差、相变快、断块分隔性较强的牵引流沉积特征,沉积微相以水下分流河道沉积为主;沉积体的空间展布主要受控于流三段沉积时期发育的6条NE向、EW向正断裂,断裂活动强度差异控制了该区沟谷相间的古地貌特征、物源水系的分布及物源推进距离,导致浅水三角洲内各分支水道差异性明显;其中乌石F3、F4两条断裂控制的断沟地势平缓,水下分流河道推进较远,是该区勘探的重要方向之一。 相似文献
20.
Olumuyiwa T. Akinsanpe Adekunle A. Adepelumi Uzochukwu K. Benjamin Dele E. Falebita 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2017,16(6):1027-1034
Comprehensive qualitative and semi-quantitative seismic analysis was carried out on 3-dimensional seismic data acquired in the deepwater compressional and shale diapiric zone of the Niger Delta Basin using an advanced seismic imaging tool. The main aim of this work is to obtain an understanding of the forming mechanism of the gas hydrate system, and the fluid migration paths associated with this part of the basin. The results showed the presence of pockmarks on the seafloor and bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs) in the field, indicating the active fluid flux and existence of gas hydrate system in the area. In the area of approximately 195 km2 occupying nearly 24% of the entire study field, three major zones with continuous or discontinuous BSRs of 3 to 7 km in length which are in the northeastern, southern and eastern part of the field respectively were delineated. The BSR is interpreted to be the transition between the free gas zone and the gas hydrate zone. The geologic structures including faults (strike-slip and normal faults), chimneys and diapirs were deduced to be the main conduits for gas migration. It is concluded that the biogenic gases generated in the basin were possibly transported via faults and chimneys by advection processes and subsequently accumulated under low temperature and high pressure conditions in the free gas zone below the BSR forming gas hydrate. A plausible explanation for the presence of the ubiquitous pockmarks of different diameters and sizes in the area is the transportation of the excessive gas to the seafloor through these mapped geologic structures. 相似文献