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1.
海岸地区TIBL廓线与局地海风环流的数值试验 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
对三次ＥｌＮｉｎｏ发生前后的ＥＣＭＷＦ资料用滤波方法（带通,低通）进行分析,得到的结果清楚地表明,在ＥｌＮｉｎｏ发生前热带季节内振荡较强,而伴随ＥｌＮｉｎｏ发生,季节内振荡明显减弱,这种能量变化最明显的地区是赤道东太平洋地区;对于周期在９０天以上的热带准定常波,伴随ＥｌＮｉｎｏ的发生其能量明显增加,这种增加反映最显著的区域是从大西洋往西一直到西太平洋。对中纬度（２５－３５°Ｎ）及中高纬度（４０－５０°Ｎ）地区的准定常波能量分析表明,中纬度地区的准定常波能量比低纬大,准定常波能量变化在中纬度（２５－３５°Ｎ）表现出与低纬能量变化一致的情形,即伴随着ＥｌＮｉｎｏ的发生,准定常波能量增加;中高纬度（４０－５０°Ｎ）只在亚洲大陆（１００－１７０°Ｅ）表现出与热带一致的能量变化。结果还显示,热带季节内振荡在低层的东传对赤道西风异常及对ＥｌＮｉｎｏ的发生、发展起着很重要的作用。 相似文献
2.
Summary The dispersion of recycled particulates in the complex coastal terrain surrounding Kangnung city, Korea was investigated using a three-dimensional non-hydrostatic numerical model and lagrangian particle model (or random walk model). The results show that particulates at the surface of the city that float to the top of thermal internal boundary layer (TIBL) are then transported along the eastern slope of the mountains with the sea breeze passage and nearly reach the top of the mountains. Those particulates then disperse eastward at this upper level over the coastal sea and finally spread out over the open sea. Total suspended particulate (TSP) concentration near the surface of Kangnung city is very low. At night, synoptic scale westerly winds intensify due to the combined effect of the synoptic scale wind and land breeze descending the eastern slope of the mountains toward the coast and further seaward. This increase in speed causes development of internal gravity waves and a hydraulic jump up to a height of about 1km above the surface over the city. Particulate matter near the top of the mountains also descends the eastern slope of the mountains during the day, reaching the central city area and merges near the surface inside the nocturnal surface inversion layer (NSIL) with a maximum ground level concentration of TSP occurring at 0300 LST. Some particulates are dispersed following the propagation area of internal gravity waves and others in the NSIL are transported eastward to the coastal sea surface, aided by the land breeze. The following morning, particulates dispersed over the coastal sea from the previous night, tend to return to the coastal city of Kangnung with the sea breeze, developing a recycling process and combine with emitted surface particulates during the morning. These processes result in much higher TSP concentration. In the late morning, those particulates float to the top of the TIBL by the intrusion of the sea breeze and the ground level TSP concentration in the city subsequently decreases. 相似文献
3.
Dhanya Pushpadas P. Vethamony K. Sudheesh Smitha George M. T. Babu T. M. Balakrishnan Nair 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2010,109(3-4):91-106
A high-resolution mesoscale numerical model (MM5) has been used to study the coastal atmospheric circulation of the central west coast of India, and Goa in particular. The model is employed with three nested domains. The innermost domain of 3 km mesh covers Goa and the surrounding region. Simulations have been carried out for three different seasons—northeast (NE) monsoon, transition period and southwest (SW) monsoon with appropriate physics options to understand the coastal wind system. The simulated wind speed and direction match well with the observations. The model winds show the presence of a sea breeze during the NE monsoon season and transition period, and its absence during the SW monsoon season. In the winter period, the synoptic flow is northeasterly (offshore) and it weakens the sea breeze (onshore flow) resulting in less diurnal variation, while during the transition period, the synoptic flow is onshore and it intensifies the sea breeze. During the northeast monsoon at an altitude of above 750 m, the wind direction reverses, and this is the upper return current, indicating the vertical extent of the sea breeze. A well-developed land sea breeze circulation occurs during the transition period, with vertical extension of 300 and 1,100 m, respectively. 相似文献
4.
边界层流场和地形特征对青岛奥帆赛场午后海风影响的研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
奥帆赛是奥运会唯一以自然风为动力的竞赛项目,而北京奥运会期间的8月,青岛的风速是一年中最小的,因风速过小致使帆船竞赛地法进行的情况时有发生。鉴于青岛的弱风与海陆风的发展状况关系密切,文中分析8、9月青岛奥帆赛和残奥帆赛期间竞赛海域海陆风的发展条件,并用高分辨率数值模式对相关个例进行了模拟试验研究。结果发现,地面背景气流、边界层中上部径向气流和周围地形、海陆分布等边界层特征,都对竞赛海域海陆风的发展产生影响。其中晴天时,地面西风、弱的北风和东风、均压场环境以及边界层中上部弱的北风条件等,都是竞赛海域海风发展的有利条件;而地面南风(无论大小)、强的北风以及边界层中上部较强的南风和很强的北风等,则是海风发展的不利条件。此外,当地面为东北风时,位于竞赛海域上游的崂山对地面风速有阻挡减弱的作用,从而有利于海风的发展;地面为南风时,崂山和浮山等地形强迫气流在竞赛海域附近向左右分为两支,胶州湾和崂山湾侧向海风(东南风)急流发展又加大了这种分流作用,导致竞赛海域常减小为弱风,使比赛无法进行。以上结论在2008年奥帆赛和残奥帆赛气象保障预报服务中得到运用。 相似文献
5.
To examine the correlation between the sizes of sea breeze fronts and pollutants under the influence of synoptic fields, a numerical simulation was conducted in the southeast coastal area of the Korean Peninsula, where relatively high concentrations of pollutants occur because of the presence of various kinds of industrial developments. Sea breeze and sea breeze front days during the period 2005-09 were identified using wind profiler data and, according to the results, the number of days were 72 and 53, respectively. When synoptic forcing was weak, sea breeze fronts moved fast both in horizontal fields and in terms of wind velocity, while in the case of strong synoptic forcing, sea breeze fronts remained at the coast or moved slowly due to strong opposing flows. In this case, the sea breeze front development function and horizontal potential temperature difference were larger than with weak synoptic forcing. The ozone concentration that moves together with sea breeze fronts was also formed along the frontal surfaces. Ozone advection and diffusion in the case of strong synoptic forcing was suppressed at the frontal surface and the concentration gradient was large. The vertical distribution of ozone was very low due to the Thermal Internal Boundary Layer (TIBL) being low. 相似文献
6.
澳门及其邻近地区海陆风的模拟 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
利用宾州／美国国家大气研究中心的ＭＭ５模式来模拟澳门的海陆风和珠江口的三维风场。模式设计为四重套网格,分辨率分别为 １ｋｍ,３ ｋｍ,９ ｋｍ,２７ ｋｍ。使用常规观测资料作为初始场,模拟时间为３０小时。结果表明采用高分辨率（１ｋｍ）模拟能很好地捕捉到澳门的海风和陆风。海风锋和热力内边界层也清楚可见。如果最小分辨率为３ ｋｍ,则只捕捉到海风,陆风却模拟不出来。 相似文献
7.
The sea-land breeze circulation （SLBC） occurs regularly at coastal locations and influences the local weather and climate significantly. In this study, based on the observed surface wind in 9 conventional meteorological stations of Hainan Island, the frequency of sea-land breeze （SLB） is studied to depict the diurnal and seasonal variations. The statistics indicated that there is a monthly average of 12.2 SLB days and an occurrence frequency of about 40%, with the maximum frequency （49%） in summer and the minimum frequency （29%） in autumn. SLB frequencies （41%） are comparable in winter and spring. A higher frequency of SLB is present in the southern and central mountains due to the enhancement effect of the mountain-valley breeze. Due to the synoptic wind the number of SLB days in the northern hilly area is less than in other areas. Moreover, the WRF model, adopted to simulate the SLBC over the island for all seasons, performs reasonably well reproducing the phenomenon, evolution and mechanism of SLBC. Chiefly affected by the difference of temperature between sea and land, the SLBC varies in coverage and intensity with the seasons and reaches the greatest intensity in summer. The typical depth is about 2.5 km for sea breeze circulation and about 1.5 km for land breeze circulation. A strong convergence zone with severe ascending motion appears on the line parallel to the major axis of the island, penetrating 60 to 100 km inland. This type of weak sea breeze convergence zone in winter is north-south oriented. The features of SLBC in spring are similar both to that in summer with southerly wind and to that in winter with easterly wind. The coverage and intensity of SLBC in autumn is the weakest and confined to the southwest edge of the central mountainous area. The land breeze is inherently very weak and easily affected by the topography and weather. The coverage and intensity of the land breeze convergence line is significantly less than those of the sea breeze. The orographic forcing of the cen 相似文献
8.
为研究大尺度系统风对海风的影响以及海风三维结构特征,利用山东省123个地面自动站资料、青岛地区三十多个内陆及沿海、海岛观测站以及奥帆赛场3个浮标站资料,对2006年8月21日青岛一次海风个例进行了分析,并利用美国俄克拉荷马大学风暴分析预测中心开发的ARPS(the Advanced Regional Prediction System)模式,对海风过程进行了数值模拟研究。结果发现:在较强的离岸风背景下,当内陆气温高于海面气温2℃左右时,海风也可以发生。海风首先在海岸线附近的海上开始,发展的同时向内陆及远海地区推进。海风低层环流很浅,主要位于500 m以下。在较强的偏北离岸风下,海风向内陆推进的距离很短。偏北的大尺度系统风由于渤海冷下垫面的影响,不利于青岛海风的维持。海风开始时,在1500～2500 m高度处同时有反环流出现,但直到傍晚前后,海风的垂直环流圈才发展得比较清晰,其高度也更接近地面。海风消亡后,高层的垂直环流圈及反环流维持3 h左右才逐渐消亡。 相似文献
9.
湛江东海岛二月海陆风环流特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2011年2月湛江东海岛风廓线雷达资料,系统分析了湛江东海岛2月平均风场特征及海陆风特征,结果表明:2月湛江东海岛150 m高度处以东偏北出现频率最大,在E、ENE和NE三个方位的风向出现频率之和为66.6%,偏西七个方位的风向出现频率之和仅为1%。以SSW方位为界,偏东风与偏西风的出现频率差异明显。各整点的月平均风速1:00—15:00变化较小,均在1 m/s左右波动;15:00—20:00风速及风速波动都较大,最大值出现在16:00时,为2.1 m/s。2011年2月中只有2日与14日两日符合海陆风日条件,两日共同海风时段为13:00—20:00,持续7 h;陆风时段为2:00—7:00,持续5 h。海风平均风速为2.1 m/s,陆风平均风速为0.8 m/s,海风平均风速明显大于陆风风速。海风与陆风环流垂直高度相差甚小,约1.2 km,风速随高度变化趋势均为先增后减;海风最大风速出现在750 m高度处,陆风出现在500 m高度处,500～750 m高度区间海风环流强度明显强于陆风环流。2 km之上为均匀一致的系统性西风环流。 相似文献
10.
D. N. Asimakopoulos C. G. Helmis K. H. Papadopoulos J. A. Kalogiros P. Kassomenos M. Petrakis 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1999,70(1-2):97-110
Summary According to past experience, the nearly stagnant conditions caused by the presumed equilibrium between the Saronikos Gulf
sea breeze and an opposing synoptic flow is identified as the principal mechanism leading to high pollution episodes in Athens
during the summer. However, previous experimental work has not examined in detail the interaction of the sea breeze flow with
the opposing background flow. In this context, recent experimental work covering the basic key-locations of the Athens Basin
focused on the inland propagation of the southerly sea breeze from the coast to the northern part of the basin mainly under
moderate northerly background wind. During this campaign, a network of four meteorological stations established along the
Athens Basin and a high range acoustic sounder at the centre of Athens operated over a two months time period in the summer
of 1993. In addition, tethered balloon flights in the centre of Athens and on a sea vessel about 15 km offshore were employed
during an experimental day with moderate opposing background wind. The results from this experimental campaign include the
documentation of the sea breeze delay and its intensity as a function of a sea breeze index and features of the vertical structure
of the sea breeze over land as well as over sea.
Received March 20, 1998 Revised October 12, 1998 相似文献
11.
A Heavy Sea Fog Event over the Yellow Sea in March 2005： Analysis and Numerical Modeling 总被引：36，自引：0，他引：36
In this paper, a heavy sea fog episode that occurred over the Yellow Sea on 9 March 2005 is investigated. The sea fog patch, with a spatial scale of several hundred kilometers at its mature stage, reduced visibility along the Shandong Peninsula coast to 100 m or much less at some sites. Satellite images, surface observations and soundings at islands and coasts, and analyses from the Japan Meteorology Agency （JMA） axe used to describe and analyze this event. The analysis indicates that this sea fog can be categorized as advection cooling fog. The main features of this sea fog including fog area and its movement axe reasonably reproduced by the Fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University/National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model （MM5）. Model results suggest that the formation and evolution of this event can be outlined as： （1） southerly warm/moist advection of low-level air resulted in a strong sea-surface-based inversion with a thickness of about 600 m; （2） when the inversion moved from the warmer East Sea to the colder Yellow Sea, a thermal internal boundary layer （TIBL） gradually formed at the base of the inversion while the sea fog grew in response to cooling and moistening by turbulence mixing; （3） the sea fog developed as the TIBL moved northward and （4） strong northerly cold and dry wind destroyed the TIBL and dissipated the sea fog. The principal findings of this study axe that sea fog forms in response to relatively persistent southerly waxm/moist wind and a cold sea surface, and that turbulence mixing by wind shear is the primary mechanism for the cooling and moistening the marine layer. In addition, the study of sensitivity experiments indicates that deterministic numerical modeling offers a promising approach to the prediction of sea fog over the Yellow Sea but it may be more efficient to consider ensemble numerical modeling because of the extreme sensitivity to model input. 相似文献
12.
PSU/NCAR MM5 was utilized to simulate the sea-land breeze circulation in Macao and the three-dimensional flow around the Pearl
River estuary. Four two-way nested grids having resolution of 1, 3, 9, and 27 km were included in the simulation. It was initialized
with conventional observational data, and a 30 h simulation and analysis of one sea-land breeze case were performed. It was
shown that the model with a finer resolution (1 km) captures the sea breeze and land breeze in Macao with reasonable skill.
The sea breeze front and the thermal internal boundary layer (TIBL) were also obviously revealed. However, the coarser horizontal
resolution (3 km) could capture the sea breeze but not the land breeze.
This research is jointly supported by the grant of the Chinese State Commission of Science and Technology Climbing A “SCSMEX”
and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 49794030). 相似文献
13.
随着沿海城市的快速发展,城市气候环境恶化,研究弱大气环流背景下的海陆风对改善城市环境具有重要意义。以晋江市为例,利用站点风要素观测数据,结合海陆风判别条件,提取并分析了两个典型海陆风日海陆风的基本特征;采用WRF与Noah陆面过程模式耦合,选用BEP多层城市冠层模型,对典型日进行了风场模拟。从模拟结果中分解出局地风,在验证海陆风现象的基础上,分析了海陆风特征的空间分布规律。结果显示:WRF模拟的逐小时局地风向时序与实测情况吻合较好,通过了信度为0.05的显著性检验,但局地风速模拟值与实测值存在显著差异,平均达到1 m/s。从WRF模拟结果提取的海、陆风起始和终止时间、持续时间与实际情况存在一定差别。两者持续时间在空间上的变化与各自起始时间的空间变化一致,且未明显出现随离岸距离增加,海陆风减弱的现象。上述结果表明,WRF能够较好地模拟海陆风日的风场特征,尽管对海、陆风速的模拟还存在一定的不确定性,但所得结论对晋江市城市规划和微环境改善有参考意义。 相似文献
14.
The evolution and structure of a tropical island sea/land-breeze system, northern Australia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary
This paper is concerned with sea/land-breeze systems over relatively flat tropical islands to the north of continental Australia.
The purpose of this study is to contribute to the relatively small body of knowledge on tropical island sea/land-breeze systems
in this region and to highlight their particular characteristics. The evolution and structure of coastal circulations over
the Tiwi Islands, northern Australia are examined using observations made during the Maritime Continent Thunderstorm Experiment
(MCTEX), November/December 1995. During the transition period between dry and wet (monsoon) seasons, strong diurnal surface
heating dominates the local meteorology. Thermally modified pressure differences across the coastline are seen to control
the timing, direction and intensity of local winds. The evolution and structure of the resulting circulations appear to be
affected greatest by tropospheric stability and friction, while the Coriolis force, synoptic winds and topography are of much
less importance in this case. Consequently, even small differences in surface properties seem to produce strong and well defined
local wind circulations. The depth of the sea breeze averaged 1200 m, while the land breeze was considerably shallower (290 m).
Return flows were evident in both circulations, although better defined in land breeze cases. Day to day variation in vertical
structure was considerable and appeared to be controlled by stability in the lower troposphere. Spatial patterns of surface
temperature, pressure and wind show formation of an island heat low by day and a cool high pressure centre at night, resulting
in island scale convergence and divergence, respectively.
Received February 27, 2000/Revised October 16, 2000 相似文献
15.
地形辐射效应参数化对海南岛海风环流结构和云水分布模拟的影响 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
采用非静力中尺度模式WRF研究地形辐射效应参数化对海南岛2012年7月5日多云天气条件下的海风环流结构和云水分布模拟的影响, 并分析了差异产生的可能原因。地形辐射效应是考虑坡地辐射强迫后, 辐射与大气中的各种气体、云以及非均匀下垫面间相互反馈的累积效应。其中地形辐射效应参数化的使用使得温度的模拟更接近实际, 对水汽的模拟也有一定改进能力, 对风速、风向的改进效果不明显。考虑地形辐射效应后, 海风的发生发展演变过程及风场的水平分布无显著变化, 但局地海风以及海风对流云的位置和强度有较明显的改变。山区四周的海风环流结构和对流云的变化与坡地辐射强迫直接相关, 考虑地形辐射效应后, 山坡向阳面的海风有所增强, 背阳面的海风减弱; 向阳坡谷风减弱, 背阳坡谷风增强; 同时紧临海岸的山坡对海风的影响与岛上山坡对谷风的作用类似。平坦地区的海风环流和海风对流云总体上有所减弱, 其变化原因比较复杂。各向海风的强度变化最终会改变海风辐合线的分布, 使海风潜在降水区域发生变化。 相似文献
16.
Wind-tunnel experiments in a thermally stratified wind tunnel and direct numerical simulations were performed to simulate
the thermal internal boundary layer (TIBL) that developed over a coastal area in a sea-breeze flow. The results of the simulations
were analyzed to investigate turbulence structure in the TIBL. To study the effects of the atmospheric stability over the
sea on the TIBL, two vertical profiles of temperature were created in the upstream portion of the wind-tunnel experiment and
the direct numerical simulation. Turbulence statistics of the TIBL changed significantly according to the temperature profile
over the sea, indicating that the stability of the flow over the sea has a significant effect on the structure and turbulence
characteristics of the TIBL. Furthermore, the TIBL heights were estimated from the vertical profiles of the local Richardson
number. The estimated TIBL heights agreed with those predicted by a pre-existing relation, suggesting that both the wind-tunnel
experiment and the direct numerical simulation accurately reproduced the growth of the TIBL. 相似文献
17.
连云港沿海近地层湍流强度特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在对连云港沿海15个各类气象观测站2000—2009年8级以上强风样本统计分析基础之上,利用6座沿海梯度测风塔2005—2007年测风资料,探讨了连云港沿海近地层风湍流强度的时空分布规律及特点,并重点对不同类型天气系统引起的强风湍流演变特征及其对风电场影响进行剖析。研究结果表明:①风湍流强度具有很强的季节性,冬季小、夏季大,随高度增加而减小;②海面动力粗糙度对海上强湍流变化的影响有别于无强风及下垫面是陆地时;③在热带气旋影响区域,同一时段内可能会出现风速和湍流强度瞬时骤变现象;④海上强湍流出现在30m以上高度,陆地出现在底层,这一现象在不同天气系统引起的强风湍流变化中都有发现;⑤风机轮毂高度处有2.1%～3.8%的湍流强度特征值超过目前风机最大抗湍流强度设计标准,建议华东中、北部沿海地区风机抗湍流强度参数调整为0.31～0.41。 相似文献
18.
A field experiment to measure the turbulent structure of the internal boundary layer near the shore was conducted using three instrumented meteorological poles, a kytoon, and a crane-mounted ultrasonic anemometer-thermometer, as well as three reference ultrasonic anemometer-thermometers positioned near the poles. Part 1 of this study gives the explicit details and general characteristics for one run of the experiment. Part 2 (Ohara and Ogawa, 1984) will present a similarity and energy budget analysis. The mean velocity profiles showed that there was wind speed acceleration due to the sea-land temperature difference. In addition, the velocity profiles consisted of three distinct regions; the region near the ground had the largest gradient followed by a transition zone which had a small velocity gradient, while above, the profile resembled the oncoming sea breeze. In general, the turbulence was greatest near the shore, gradually decreasing inland. The lowest region had large turbulence intensities and the transition region had some intermittent turbulence characteristics between the lower strong unstable layer and the relatively turbulent-free region above.Deceased March 1984.Present address: The Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Yoyagi, Tokyo 151, Japan. 相似文献
19.
Thermodynamic characteristics and temporal variation of alpine lake breezes in the eastern Southern Alps are examined. Research was conducted in a large glacially excavated basin dominated by an 87 square kilometre melt-water lake as part of a study of windblown dust dispersion. The surrounding mountain ranges were found to shelter the lake basin from most synoptic winds, thereby allowing local and regional thermally generated circulations to develop to ridge height, approximately 1300m above the surrounding landscape. During favourable synoptic conditions the local lake breeze becomes embedded within the regional valley wind forming an extended lake breeze. Tethersonde flights during these conditions made using a kite based sounding system identified both stable internal (SIBL) and thermal internal boundary layer (TIBL) conditions over the down wind shoreline. Two equations for estimating the height of both boundary-layer types were tested against observations and found to provide good first order predictive estimates of boundary-layer height. 相似文献
20.
On the Formation of an Elevated Nocturnal Inversion Layer in the Presence of a Low-Level Jet: A Case Study 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
We report on observed nocturnal profiles, in which an inversion layer is located at the core of a low-level jet, bounded between two well-mixed layers. High-resolution vertical profiles were collected during a field campaign in a small plain in the Israeli desert (Negev), distant 100 km from the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. During the evening hours, the synoptic flow, superposed on the late sea breeze, forms a low-level jet characterized by a maximum wind speed of 12 m s −1 at an altitude of 150 m above the ground. The strong wind shear at the jet maximum generates downward heat fluxes that act against the nocturnal ground cooling. As a result, the typical ground-based nocturnal inversion is “elevated” towards the jet centre, hence a typical early morning thermal profile is observed a few hours after sunset. Since the jet is advected into the region, its formation does not depend on the presence of a surface nocturnal inversion layer to decouple the jet from surface friction. On the contrary, here the advected low-level jet acts to hinder the formation of such an inversion. These unusual temperature and wind profiles are expected to affect near-ground dispersion processes. 相似文献