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1.
石泡构造是酸性火山岩中的一种特殊原生构造,常见于流纹岩中。石泡构造成因的研究对认识流纹质岩浆性质和喷发环境都具有重要意义。然而,关于形成石泡构造的岩浆性质、形成机理及其影响因素的研究仍比较薄弱。本文以苏鲁造山带白垩系青山群流纹岩石泡构造为研究对象,通过矿物学、岩石学、地球化学等方法,对石泡构造的发育规律、石泡和石泡间胶结熔浆的矿物组成、元素变化进行了系统研究。结果表明,石泡构造流纹岩主要发育于溢流相上部亚相,石泡可划分为实心型和空心型两类。地球化学特征显示石泡流纹岩与流纹构造流纹岩属同源岩浆,石泡流纹岩经历了更高程度的分异作用。石泡构造流纹岩胶结熔浆中水含量高于下部流纹构造流纹岩的玻璃质,导致溢流相上部亚相挥发分逸出趋势相对明显,受限于富硅岩浆的高黏度,挥发分未能顺利逸出,在逸出点猝冷形成石泡壁,受瞬时应力作用和过冷程度影响,形成形态多样的空腔。随着结晶温度下降,空腔内部残余岩浆依次冷凝结晶形成玉髓或石英。石泡构造的形成意味着岩浆作用过程或者喷发环境水的加入,对于研究酸性岩浆的演化和火山喷发机制具有重要意义。 相似文献
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球状组构(包括球粒和石泡)是流纹岩和流纹质熔结凝灰岩的特殊原生构造。基于中国东部的有关研究报道，本文综述了这种高温结晶球状组构的基本特征、成因和研究意义。球状组构内部常呈同心圈层放射状排列的长英质矿物聚集体，由内到外长石和石英的相对百分含量以及长石的成分都会发生有规律的变化。它们形成于酸性岩浆冷却过程，受岩浆温度、过冷度、熔体中挥发分等因素的控制。球粒结构并不是单一的脱玻化成因，石泡可能也并非简单的气体逃逸体积收缩过程。酸性火山岩(火山碎屑岩)的球状组构提供了自然条件下晶体的生长和成核动力学的直接记录，能提供岩浆挥发分组成与变化的信息，对于认识岩浆结晶动力学过程、酸性火山岩喷发机制及其环境效应具有重要意义。我国东部早白垩世石泡/球粒流纹岩/流纹质熔结凝灰岩分布较广，有待深入研究。 相似文献
3.
银山地区火山岩－次火山岩由流纹岩、流纹英安斑岩、英安质熔岩、英安斑岩和粗面安山斑岩组成,喷发和侵入存在着反序特征．通过各种物理化学方法确定了岩浆房中存在的化学成分和温度、密度、粘度梯度．建立了以英安质岩浆为主,顶部有一层富ＳｉＯ２、富Ｋ的流纹质岩浆,底部为少量粗面安山质岩浆的带状岩浆房．岩浆演化及带状岩浆房的形成是分离结晶、同化混染、岩浆对流和边界层机制共同作用的结果． 相似文献
4.
江西德兴银山火山岩-次火山岩带状岩浆房初步研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
银山地区火山岩－次火山岩由流纹岩、流纹英安斑岩、英安质熔岩、英安斑岩和粗面安山斑岩组成,喷发和侵入存在着反序特征。通过各种物理化学方法确定了岩浆房中存在的化学成分和温度、密度、粘度梯度。建立了以英安质岩浆为主,顶部有一层富ＳｉＯ２、富Ｋ的流纹质岩浆,底部为少量粗面安山质岩浆的带状岩浆房。岩浆演化及带状岩浆房折形成是分离结晶、同化混染、岩浆对流和边界层机制共同作用的结果。 相似文献
5.
在青海察尔汗盐滩之达布逊湖北岸石盐阶地下,分布有一种呈乳白色、球粒状、表面浑圆并具油脂或玻璃光泽的石盐。因形似珍珠,故名“珍珠盐”。直径一般2—4毫米,最小1—2毫米。松散、质纯,NaCl 占95%以上。珍珠盐层呈似层状、透镜状或窝状。分布宽度一般数十厘米,最宽1米。厚数厘米,最厚10余厘米。 相似文献
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通过野外观察,结合薄片、铸体薄片等手段研究,发现海拉尔盆地呼伦湖凹陷西界上库力组火山通道相次火山亚相的柱状节理流纹岩和喷溢相上部亚相的球粒流纹岩中发育两种不同结构的球粒,两种球粒均形成于高的过冷却动力学效应下。柱状节理流纹岩中的球粒肉眼不可见,球粒直径小于0. 2 mm,球粒中心发育结晶核,组成球粒的纤维体多为隐晶质。条带状球粒流纹岩中的球粒在野外露头上醒目,圆形、椭圆形特征明显,球粒直径在0. 5～2 mm之间,均匀分布,结晶核不明显,组成球粒的纤维体为霏细质。本文认为导致这两种球粒结构差异性的主要原因是受熔浆过冷度大小的影响,柱状节理流纹岩过冷度较条带状球粒流纹岩大,因此成核速率高,成核密度大,球粒直径小,排列紧密,条带状球粒流纹岩较之相反。同时,流纹质熔浆的均质性程度影响了球粒间孔的充填特征。此外,研究发现,球粒间孔的发育程度和球粒形态直接相关。柱状节理流纹岩基质中的球粒结构紧密排列,球粒受相互生长制约呈不规则状,由于柱状节理本身由十分致密的球粒构成,储集空间不发育,因此不含油。由于条带状球粒流纹岩的球粒排列相对疏松,孔隙大量发育,可能含有丰富的油气,储集空间主要类型为球粒间孔和球粒溶蚀孔。 相似文献
8.
峨嵋山大岩浆省由大量的溢流玄武岩及其伴生的镁铁和超镁铁侵入岩组成。攀西地区的一些层状辉长岩体形成于260Ma,与早期报道的峨嵋山大岩浆省的年代相同。这些岩体中含有巨大的钒钛磁铁矿床,矿体呈似层状及透镜状产在层状辉长岩体的下部层位,不同于典型的层状岩体(如布什维尔德岩体)的磁铁矿床。地球化学资料表明,攀西地区含磁铁矿的岩体是从高度演化的基性岩浆中结晶而成,因为富硅的岩浆分离使得母岩浆高度富集铁、钛和钒。相对围岩来说,磁铁矿石形成较晚,是从氧化物矿浆中结晶的产物。矿石中有丰富的含水矿物相,流体的参与对氧化物矿浆的形成有重要的作用。 相似文献
9.
稀土元素及锶同位素资料表明，形成白马杂岩体的母岩浆为玄武质岩浆，起源于上地幔，由被交代的上地慢橄榄岩经5％～10％部分熔融形成的；层状侵入体和正长岩为同源岩浆演化的产物；做榄石、单斜辉石和斜长石是岩浆演化早期最重要的堆积矿物；产于细粒辉长岩和层状辉长岩中的单斜辉石和斜方辉石，它们的Eu和Ce异常的差异，主要受控于矿物结晶时的氧化还原条件。 相似文献
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广东三水盆地火山岩:地球化学特征及成因——兼论火山岩性质的时空演化和南海形成的深部过程 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
位于中国东南部的三水盆地、珠江口盆地、雷琼半岛和北部湾地区广泛分布新生代火山岩。火山岩的形成时间具有从内陆向沿海变新的特点,早第三纪三水和珠江口盆地火山岩具有由玄武岩与粗面岩-流纹岩构成的双峰式特点。其中玄武岩和粗面岩的微量元素和稀土元素的配分形式相似,富集大离子亲石元素并且有相似的εNd(T)同位素组成(2.34～6.4),说明它们来自相同的地幔源区,为同源岩浆演化的产物。玄武岩和粗面岩经历了不同的结晶分异过程,其中玄武岩在较深部岩浆房中经历橄榄石和单斜辉石为主的分离结晶作用,而粗面岩则是在浅部岩浆房中由玄武岩浆分异形成的过渡性岩浆再经过强烈的钾长石和斜长石、以及磷灰石的结晶分异形成的。晚第三纪珠江口盆地和北部湾火山岩、雷琼半岛第四纪火山岩则由碱性和拉斑玄武岩构成。这些火山岩的形成时间和地球化学和同位素特征表明它们经历了连续的软流圈地幔上涌和部分熔融过程,受控于自晚中生代以来的地幔柱构造。南海的形成是地幔柱活动引起的地幔上涌和大陆裂解作用的结果。 相似文献
12.
Quaternary Erzincan Volcanics (QEVs) from the Erzincan Basin consist of mega- and pheno-cryst-bearing high-K calc-alkaline dome lavas. Fourteen nearly phenocrystic domes, with a range of basaltic-andesite, andesite, dacite and rhyolite compositions, were emplaced in the North Anatolian Fault Zone. The emplacement ages yielded by the unspiked K–Ar technique range from 102 to 140 ka. The andesitic domes (each less than 3 km in diameter) contain amphibole megacrysts. Amphibole compositions show a linear variation from ferro-edenite, edenite to pargasite from rhyolite to andesite. Pargasitic amphibole megacrysts scattered into the groundmass are very similar in composition to the microlites. All plagioclases are 53 mol%. Oscillation types are An32−50 whose variations range from 10 to 16 mol% An and have 10–150 μm in thickness. Pre-eruptive conditions, calculated from mega- and pheno-cryst composition, using pyroxene and two oxide thermometers and the Al-in-hornblende barometer, ranged from 918 to 837 °C and 6.6 to 4.3 kbar for andesitic magma, 824–755 °C and 4.6–4.2 kbar for dacitic magma to 803–692 °C and 4.3–3.9 kbar for rhyolitic magma, which correspond to a depth of >10 km for storage region of the crust. The fO2 values vary from −14.25 to −15.35 log units which are plotted just below nickel–nickel oxide (NNO) buffers. The systematic decrease in thermobarometric results from andesite to rhyolite is consistent with a single magma reservoir moving upward through the crust followed by fractional crystallization. Textural and compositional relationships of mega- and pheno-crystic phases suggest that magma mixing, fluid input to the reservoir and fractional crystallization processes, with a small amount crustal contamination play key role in evolution of the QEVs. 相似文献
13.
Haimin Zhou Long Xiao Yuexia Dong Chunzeng Wang Fangzheng Wang Pingze Ni 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2009,34(2):178-189
Sanshui basin is one of the typical Mesozoic–Cenozoic intra-continental rift basins with voluminous Cenozoic volcanic rocks in southeastern China. Thirteen cycles of volcanic eruptions and two dominant types of volcanic rocks, basalt and trachyte–rhyolite, have been identified within the basin. Both basalt and trachyte–rhyolite members of this bimodal suit have high values of εNd (+2.3 to +6.2) and different Sr isotopic compositions (initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios are 0.70461–0.70625 and 0.70688–0.71266 for basalts and trachyte–rhyolite, respectively), reflecting distinct magma evolution processes or different magma sources. The results presented in this study indicate that both of the trachyte–rhyolite and basaltic magmas were derived from similar independent primitive mantle, but experienced different evolution processes. The trachyte-rhyolitic magma experienced significant clinopyroxene and plagioclase fractionational crystallization from deeper magma chamber with significant crustal contamination, while the basaltic magmas experienced significant olivine and clinopyroxene fractionational crystallization in shallower magma chamber with minor crustal contamination. New zircon U–Pb dating confirms an initial volcanic eruption at 60 Ma and the last activity at 43 Ma. Geologic, geochemical, and geochronological data suggest that the inception of the Sanshui basin was resulted from upwelling of a mantle plume. The Sanshui basin widened due to subsequent east–west extension and the subsequent volcanism constantly occurred in the center of the basin. Evidence also supports a temporal and spatial association with other rift basins in southeastern China. The upwelling mantle plume became more active during late Cenozoic time and most likely triggered opening of other basins, including the young South China Sea basin. 相似文献
14.
Acigöl rhyolite field,Central Anatolia (part 1): high-resolution dating of eruption episodes and zircon growth rates 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Axel K. Schmitt Martin Danišík Noreen J. Evans Wolfgang Siebel Elena Kiemele Faruk Aydin Janet C. Harvey 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2011,162(6):1215-1231
Protracted pre-eruptive zircon residence is frequently detected in continental rhyolites and can conflict with thermal models, indicating briefer magma cooling durations if scaled to erupted volumes. Here, we present combined U-Th and (U-Th)/He zircon ages from the Acigöl rhyolite field (Central Anatolia, Turkey), which is part of a Quaternary bimodal volcanic complex. Unlike other geochronometers, this approach dates crystallization and eruption on the same crystals, allowing for internal consistency testing. Despite the overall longevity of Acigöl rhyolite volcanism and systematic trends of progressive depletion in compatible trace elements and decreasing zircon saturation temperatures, we find that zircon crystallized in two brief pulses corresponding to eruptions in the eastern and western part of the field during Middle and Late Pleistocene times, respectively. For Late Pleistocene zircon, resolvable differences exist between interior (average: 30.7 ± 0.9 ka; 1σ error) and rim (21.9 ± 1.3 ka) crystallization ages. These translate into radial crystal growth rates of ~10?13 to 10?14 cm/s, broadly consistent with those constrained by diffusion experiments. Rim crystallization and (U-Th)/He eruption ages (24.2 ± 0.4 ka) overlap within uncertainty. Evidence for brief zircon residence at Acigöl contrasts with many other rhyolite fields, suggesting that protracted zircon crystallization in, or recycling from, long-lived crystal mushes is not ubiquitous in continental silicic magma systems. Instead, the span of pre-eruptive zircon ages is consistent with autochthonous crystallization in individual small-volume magma batches that originated from basaltic precursors. 相似文献
15.
二连盆地北缘晚中生代火山岩Ar-Ar年代、地球化学及构造背景 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
中国东北二连盆地周缘分布有三组时代不同的晚中生代火山岩,其中早、中期为两套地球化学性质不同的流纹岩,晚期为玄武质火山岩。本文通过测定火山岩基质Ar-Ar同位素年龄,表明早期查干诺尔组流纹岩形成于142Ma,晚期不拉根哈达组基性火山岩形成于129Ma,可见二连盆地北缘晚中生代火山岩时代均为早白垩世。通过对主、微量元素地球化学特征和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成研究,以及与邻区同期满克头鄂博组英安岩和流纹岩、玛尼吐组英安岩、霍林河地区查干诺尔组英安岩、流纹岩对比,认为早期查干诺尔组流纹岩来源于新成下地壳,岩浆演化过程经历了强烈分异作用;中期流纹岩源区为中上地壳或下地壳岩浆经历了上地壳强烈同化混染作用;晚期不拉根哈达组基性火山岩则源于受俯冲洋壳流体交代的富集岩石圈地幔。结合早白垩世区域岩石圈减薄背景,本文认为研究区早白垩世火山岩形成于陆内伸展构造环境。 相似文献
16.
John Charles White S. Christian Benker Minghua Ren Kevin M. Urbanczyk Donald W. Corrick 《Lithos》2006,91(1-4):74-94
The Pine Canyon caldera is a small (6–7 km diameter) ash-flow caldera that erupted peralkaline quartz trachyte, rhyolite, and high-silica rhyolite lavas and ash-flow tuffs about 33–32 Ma. The Pine Canyon caldera is located in Big Bend National Park, Texas, USA, in the southern part of the Trans-Pecos Magmatic Province (TPMP). The eruptive products of the Pine Canyon caldera are assigned to the South Rim Formation, which represents the silicic end member of a bimodal suite (with a “Daly Gap” between 57 and 62 wt.% SiO2); the mafic end member consists primarily of alkali basalt to mugearite lavas of the 34–30 Ma Bee Mountain Basalt. Approximately 60–70% crystallization of plagioclase, clinopyroxene, olivine, magnetite, and apatite from alkali basalt coupled with assimilation of shale wall rock (Ma/Mc = 0.3–0.4) produced the quartz trachyte magma. Variation within the quartz trachyte–rhyolite suite was the result of 70% fractional crystallization of an assemblage dominated by alkali feldspar with subordinate clinopyroxene, fayalite, ilmenite, and apatite. High-silica rhyolite is not cogenetic with the quartz trachyte–rhyolite suite, and can be best explained as the result of 5% partial melting of a mafic granulite in the deep crust under the fluxing influence of fluorine. Variation within the high-silica rhyolite is most likely due to fractional crystallization of alkali feldspar, quartz, magnetite, biotite, and monazite. Lavas and tuffs of the South Rim Formation form A-type rhyolite suites, and are broadly similar to rock series described in anorogenic settings both in terms of petrology and petrogenesis. The Pine Canyon caldera is interpreted to have developed in a post-orogenic tectonic setting, or an early stage of continental rifting, and represents the earliest evidence for continental extension in the TPMP. 相似文献
17.
Evolution of melt composition during intrusion of basalts into a silicic magma chamber 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
P. Yu. Plechov I. S. Fomin O. E. Mel’nik N. V. Gorokhova 《Moscow University Geology Bulletin》2008,63(4):247-257
The article describes heat exchange between basaltic and rhyolite melts accompanied by fractional crystallization of phases in a basaltic melt. A numerical model has been developed for the homogenization mechanism of magma composition during intrusion of basaltic magma batches into felsic magma chambers. The results of numerical modeling demonstrate that the time needed for cooling the basalts and their fractionation to rhyolite melts is much shorter than the time required for chemical interaction based on diffusive mechanisms. 相似文献
18.
J. G. Brophy Michael J. Dorais Julie Donnelly-Nolan Bradley S. Singer 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1996,126(1-2):121-136
The rhyolite of Little Glass Mountain (73–74% SiO2) is a single eruptive unit that contains inclusions of quenched andesite liquid (54–61% SiO2) and partially crystalline cumulate hornblende gabbro (53–55% SiO2). Based on previous studies, the quenched andesite inclusions and host rhyolite lava are related to one another through fractional crystallization and represent an example of a fractionation-generated composition gap. The hornblende gabbros represent the cumulate residue associated with the rhyolite-producing and composition gap-forming fractionation event. This study combines textural (Nomarski Differential Interference Contrast, NDIC, imaging), major element (An content) and trace element (Mg, Fe, Sr, K, Ti, Ba) data on the style of zonation of plagioclase crystals from representative andesite and gabbro inclusions, to assess the physical environment in which the fractionation event and composition gap formation took place. The andesite inclusions (54–61% SiO2) are sparsely phyric with phenocrysts of plagioclase, augite and Fe-oxide±olivine, +/–orthopyroxene, +/–hornblende set within a glassy to crystalline matrix. The gabbro cumulates (53–55% SiO2) consist of an interconnected framework of plagioclase, augite, olivine, orthopyroxene, hornblende and Fe-oxide along with highly vesicular interstitial glass (70–74% SiO2). The gabbros record a two-stage crystallization history of plagioclase+olivine+augite (Stage I) followed by plagioclase+orthopyroxene+ hornblende+Fe-oxide (Stage II). Texturally, the plagioclase crystals in the andesite inclusions are characterized by complex, fine-scale oscillatory zonation and abundant dissolution surfaces. Compositionally (An content) the crystals are essentially unzoned from core-to-rim. These features indicate growth within a dynamic (convecting?), reservoir of andesite magma. In contrast, the plagioclase crystals in the gabbros are texturally smooth and featureless with strong normal zonation from An74 at the core to around An30. K, and Ba abundances increase and Mg abundances decrease steadily towards the rim. Ti, Fe, and Sr abundances increase and then decrease towards the rim. The trace element variations are fully consistent with the two-stage crystallization sequence inferred from the gabbro mineralogy. These results indicate progressive closed-system in situ crystallization in a quiescent magmatic boundary layer environment located along the margins of the andesite magma body. The fractional crystallization that generated the host rhyolite lava is one of inward solidification of a crystallizing boundary layer followed by melt extraction and accumulation of highly evolved interstitial liquid. This mechanism explains the formation of the composition gap between parental andesite and rhyolite magma compositions. 相似文献