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1.
Q2黄土浸水前后微观结构变化研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对陕西蒲城电厂Q2黄土浸水前后的试样进行微观结构对比测试,得到了大量珍贵的微观结构图片。浸水前后Q2黄土的微观结构定性、定量分析表明：架空孔隙受力作用影响较大,对水的作用敏感;粒间孔隙对压力和水的作用相对较迟钝;Q2黄土的湿陷峰值压力大于200 kPa。随着压力的增大,Q2黄土的灰度熵、欧拉数和孔隙的面积比例、圆形度、定向度、分布分维减小;而颗粒的面积比例、圆形度、定向度、分布分维将增大;随着水的浸入,各量将继续减小或增大;浸水后孔径大于20 ?m的孔隙含量减少,孔径小于20 ?m的孔隙含量增加,湿陷的过程中大部分孔隙都在发生变化,大孔隙变成中、小孔隙,中、小孔隙则变为更小的孔隙。浸水前后微观结构的变化能较好地解释Q2黄土特殊的湿陷性。 相似文献
2.
Collapse of loess upon wetting 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jaroslav Feda 《Engineering Geology》1988,25(2-4):263-269
Feda, J., 1988. Collapse of loess upon wetting. Eng. Geol., 25: 263–269.
The results of a series of tests conducted on loess samples from one locality, tested under the condition of confined and hydrostatic compression are presented and analyzed. The samples are of different water content and saturation and display different degrees of collapse upon wetting.
Based on the experimental results, a collapse surface is depicted and the phenomenon hypothetically generalized for other types of collapse. The structural collapse causes the mechanical behaviour of samples to be more uniform.
The effect of the hydrostatic stress conditions is reflected in the tendency of samples to deform isotropically, although, originally, they are anisotropic. The phenomenon of collapse cannot be explained by the principle of effective stresses. 相似文献
3.
干湿循环作用下压实黄土湿陷特性试验研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
压实黄土作为重要的填筑材料,广泛应用于我国西北、华北公路、铁路、机场等基础设施建设中.由于降雨及蒸发的周期性变化,黄土路基及基础经历着强烈的干湿交替作用.基于此,开展压实黄土风干干燥-滴水增湿条件下的干湿循环试验,利用双线法测试最佳含水量条件下不同初始压实度的黄土土样干湿循环前后的湿陷系数.结果表明：没有经历干湿交替作用的土样,湿陷系数随着压实度的增大而快速减小,当压实度达到90%,提高压实度对于黄土湿陷变形特征的影响较小;5次干湿循环作用后,不同压实度下的试样的湿陷系数均明显增大,且压实度越大,干湿作用对其湿陷变形的影响越显著;压实度K=95%试样在经历5次干湿循环作用后土样上部出现肉眼可见的细微孔隙,体积膨胀,有可溶盐析出,湿陷系数达到0.017,土样出现二次湿陷. 相似文献
4.
土结构性是土结构空间排列几何特征和联结特征所表现出的力学性质,是影响土力学特性的重要内在因素。它与土的密度、粒度、湿度相联系,能够综合反映土的强度、变形等力学特性的变化和发展。从综合反映增湿导致土结构内在主动变化和加载变形导致土结构被动变化两个方面出发,沿用土综合结构势的应力比结构性参数,首先建立压缩、剪切及增湿作用下黄土的结构性演化规律;其次,通过压剪湿作用下黄土的应力-应变特性、屈服破坏特性及其与结构性之间的关系,揭示结构性变化对土力学性质的影响;进而,建立了反映压剪湿作用下黄土结构性发展演化的湿载结构性本构模型。最后通过与试验数据、修正剑桥模型的比较分析,初步验证该模型的准确性。 相似文献
5.
湿陷性黄土地基综合处理新技术的现场试验与效果分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对湿陷性黄土地区的铁路、公路路基及堤基浸水湿陷的工程问题,在业已提出的处理方法（IDITI）,即浅层阻水、浅层排水、浅层防水、封闭截水、深层导水的基础上,首先进行了湿陷性黄土地基处理的现场浸水试验。试验表明,浸水后探井不同深度采取土样的含水量变化小,IDITI法具有明显的阻水、排水效果。其次,用数值分析方法模拟了连续多日强降雨情况下经处理后地基的渗流场,围封处理范围内地基土体的含水量增长较小。验证了IDITI法抑制湿度增长,利用天然土承载能力,处理湿陷性黄土地基的可行性。 相似文献
6.
多次干湿循环后土-水特征曲线的模拟 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
目前对于土体的干湿循环过程中变形、强度变化规律研究较多,而对经过多次干湿循环后土-水特征曲线的试验研究较少。由于吸力平衡需要时间太长,对干湿循环过程中土-水特征曲线的研究也多限于单次的干湿循环试验。但考虑到实际岩土工程中气候条件的多变性和自然环境的复杂性,一般土体均要经历多次干湿循环,因此,对多次干湿循环后的土-水特性曲线研究显得非常重要。结合已有的试验数据总结脱湿曲线与吸湿曲线随着干湿循环次数的变化规律,通过引入一个与干湿循环次数有关的函数,提出能预测多次干湿循环后土-水特征曲线的方法。本方法仅需土-水特征曲线的首次干湿循环脱湿与吸湿曲线和塑性指数,就可以预测多次干湿循环后的土-水特征曲线。 相似文献
7.
湿化变形是土石坝的主要后期变形之一,对坝体的应力变形性状具有显著影响。采用糯扎渡高心墙堆石坝的弱风化花岗岩堆石料进行了常规三轴试验、不同围压和应力水平条件下的流变-湿化组合试验和快速湿化三轴试验等,分析了流变-湿化组合试验各阶段的变形特征,重点研究了堆石料湿化变形的过程、特性及发生机制。结果表明,可将堆石料湿化变形划分为湿化瞬时变形和湿态流变变形两个部分。其中,湿化瞬时变形是堆石料随浸水饱和过程发生的变形,其应变增量的方向平行于相应应力状态下应力加载应变增量的方向,且具有非硬化特性;湿态流变变形是堆石料试样在饱和浸水完成后发生的随时间的变形,和一般堆石料的流变变形具有相类似的特性。湿化变形是堆石料浸水后所导致的物态弱化变形。可将堆石料湿化看作一种广义的荷载。 相似文献
8.
土体渗透性参数的测定是解决与水有关的岩土工程问题的关键所在。为使现场原状土体饱和渗透系数的测定更为准确,通过一种易于安装和固定的防蒸发型双环入渗仪,研究黄土的入渗规律与特点,试验结果表明:黄土的入渗分区可分为饱和区、湿润区与干土区,其中饱和区的入渗深度约占总入渗深度的1/2,而湿润区土体的饱和度在70%以上,这一特征与Green-Ampt入渗模型的假设较为接近,但在应用基于Green-Ampt模型的规范法（SL237-042-1999）求取黄土的饱和渗透系数时,发现该法会高估黄土的饱和渗透系数。因此,结合Green-Ampt入渗模型与土水特征曲线主要增湿路径的特点,提出了能合理测定现场黄土饱和渗透系数的双环入渗法,对Green-Ampt入渗模型参数加以修正,即直接采用干土区的初始基质吸力水头值,且该值由张力计实测或由主要增湿曲线求得;需采用入渗试验前期的平均入渗率;所对应的湿润锋发展深度需经由水分传感器实测而得。研究结果表明该法能合理估算现场黄土的饱和渗透系数。 相似文献
9.
基于某高速公路路基花岗岩全风化土浸水湿化的情况,采用GDS非饱和三轴仪进行了接近实际应力路径下三轴“单线法”湿化变形试验,研究了试样在不同围压、不同湿化应力水平下的湿化情况,得到了试样在湿化前后应力-应变曲线,轴变与体变间的变化规律,经成果分析表明,试样在湿化过程中均产生了轴变与体变,并且经湿化变形后产生了各向异性。当初始有效围压相同时,各湿化应力水平下的抗剪强度指标c、? 值近似相等,与干样相比,湿样的黏聚力c值减少明显,内摩擦角? 值变化不大。在初始有效围压较低情况下,试样约在轴向应变达10%左右时体积变形由剪缩变为剪胀,而在初始有效围压较高的情况下则没发生类似的现象。 相似文献
10.
Influence of rainfall-induced wetting on the stability of slopes in weathered soils 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
Shallow failures of slopes in weathered soil are caused by infiltration due to prolonged rainfall. These failures are mainly triggered by the deepening of the wetting band accompanied by a decrease in matric suction induced by the water infiltration. This paper reports trends of rainfall-induced wetting band depth in two types of weathered soils that are commonly found in Korea. Both theoretical and numerical analyses for wetting band depth are presented based on the soil–water characteristic curve obtained using filter paper as well as tensiometer tests. It is found that the magnitude of wetting front suction plays a key role in the stability of slopes in weathered soils. Theoretical analysis based on modified Green and Ampt model tends to underestimate the wetting band depth for typical Korean weathered soils. It was also deduced that for Korean weathered soils, the factor of safety drops rapidly once the wetting band depth of 1.2 m reached. 相似文献
11.
利用GDG型高压固结仪和自行研制的非饱和土湿陷三轴仪对陕西蒲城电厂Q2黄土一维和三维应力状态下的湿陷性进行了试验研究,分析了Q2黄土的湿陷特性。试验结果表明：一维状态下,Q2黄土以中等和弱湿陷为主,峰值湿陷系数随深度增加而变小,常规压力下不湿陷的Q2黄土在高压力下可能湿陷,Q2地层中黄土层的湿陷性总体上强于古土壤层,湿陷的敏感性较弱,大型工程宜用实际压力评价湿陷性。三维状态下,湿陷应变随浸水量的变化曲线可以近似分为3段,即湿陷应变缓慢增加段、快速发展段和基本不变段;浸水前的吸力、净围压、偏应力对湿陷过程均有影响,且偏应力和吸力的影响更明显;三轴浸水过程湿陷体应变随湿陷轴应变的增加而增大,几乎是一条直线,体现了湿陷变形的特殊性。 相似文献
12.
The wetting deformation of coarse granular materials is often considered to be an important cause of the core wall rockfill dam cracks during impounding. By analyzing existing research results, this paper proposes a hyperbolic relationship between the wetting axial strain and wetting stress level and puts forwards a warped surface relationship among spherical stress, shear stress, and the ratio of wetting volumetric strain to wetting axial strain. To illustrate its practicability, the wetting strain model's parameter determination process is introduced and the rockfill materials wetting parameters are determined using the triaxial wetting test data. Moreover, the collapse settlement of Guanyinyan rockfill dam during first impounding is numerically simulated using the proposed method to calculate rockfill wetting deformation and verified by field measurements and monitoring data. The results show that the calculative method of wetting deformation proposed in this paper is reasonable and practical; the wetting deformation of upstream rockfill materials would cause an adverse deformation trend, which may lead to crack occurrence at the upstream slope and dam crest; and the Guanyinyan rockfill dam cracks on the top of junction mainly caused by the wetting deformation of upstream rockfill. 相似文献
13.
由于降雨、季节引起地下水位升降等原因,地壳中岩体常处于干湿循环状态。为研究干湿循环对岩石动态力学性能的影响,以安徽恒源煤矿北风井-259 m处砂岩为研究对象,采用?50 mm变截面分离式霍普金森压杆试验装置,对长径比为0.5的煤矿砂岩试件经干湿循环作用后实施单轴冲击压缩试验,获得了砂岩动态单轴压缩应力-应变曲线。研究发现,由于自由水的Stefan效应,干湿循环1次对砂岩具有增强作用,单轴动态抗压强度最高;其后,随着干湿循环次数的增加,砂岩受水侵蚀物理弱化作用,砂岩动态单轴抗压强度呈乘幂关系降低,砂岩试件的冲击破碎块度逐渐变小。试验结果表明,干湿循环12次时砂岩动态抗压强度比干湿循环1次降低约24%,表现出较强的劣化效应。 相似文献
14.
变质软岩路堤填料湿化变形规律研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用双线法,对十堰-天水高速公路安康西段的变质软岩路堤填料,在两种密度条件下进行了大型三轴试验,同一竖向偏应力下饱和与风干状态填料应变的差值即为湿化引起的应变,对其变化规律进行分析,结果表明：填料的湿化变形发展呈两个阶段,临界湿化应变的大小与竖向偏应力和围压的比值密切相关,同一密度、不同围压条件下的各曲线变化点的湿化应变值较为一致;填料密度增大,则变化点的湿化应变值增加,说明密度和围压不仅影响湿化变形的大小,还影响其发展规律。根据3种围压条件下的试验结果,对两种密度的填料,分别建立了填料湿化变形发展规律的公式,并用新的第4种围压条件下的试验结果进行校核,吻合程度较好。该公式可用于分析高速公路施工中路堤湿化变形的大小及发展规律。 相似文献
15.
Natural loess is a kind of under-consolidated and unsaturated loose granulates (silts) with its microstructure characterized with large voids and inter-particle cementation. This paper presents a distinct element method (DEM) to investigate its macro- and micro-mechanical behaviour (compression and collapse behaviour) under one-dimensional (1D) compression condition. A relationship between bond strength in DEM model and initial water content is used to develop a bond contact model for loess. Then, DEM structural loess samples are prepared by the multi-layer under-compaction method, and cemented with the bond contact model. The effect of water content and void ratio on compression and collapse behaviour of loess is numerically investigated by simulating 1D compression and wetting tests on the DEM material. The DEM results agree qualitatively with available experimental observations in literatures. The wetting-induced deformation is independent of the sequence of wetting and loading under 1D compression condition. The macroscopic yielding and collapse behaviours are associated with bond breakage on microscopic scale. Moreover, bonds break in one of the two failure types in the simulations, i.e. tensile failure and shear failure (compression-shear failure and tension-shear failure), with bonds broken firstly mainly due to tension followed by shear when the samples are compressed, while mainly due to shear when the samples are wetted under a certain pressure. In addition, the contact orientations and deviator fabrics of contacts under 1D compression and wetting were also investigated. 相似文献
16.
非饱和土的渗透系数函数测量难度大、耗时长,湿润锋前法(WFM)可在短时间内测得渗透系数函数(HF),但依赖肉眼识别的湿润锋,存在一定的局限性,且该方法的测量精度尚不明确,有待验证。文中针对湿润锋前进法进行研究,探讨初始含水率、湿润锋阀值、降雨入渗速率、传感器位置等因素对湿润锋前进法的测量精度的影响。采用Seep/W软件模拟均质土柱的入渗过程,分析湿润锋前进法数据,计算土体的渗透系数,将其和输入的渗透系数（可认为是真实解）进行比较,对湿润锋前进法的计算精度进行评估,并讨论误差的来源。分析结果表明,湿润锋前进法能够获得比较精确的计算结果;使用湿润锋特征含水率计算湿润锋前进速率,突破了原始湿润锋前进法存在“肉眼观察”的局限性,大大拓展了该方法的适用性;传感器间距对湿润锋前进法渗透系数函数计算精度没有直接影响;初始含水率越低,降雨入渗速率越大,渗透系数函数范围跨度越大。基于文中的分析结果,对湿润锋前进法的试验设计时,建议采用30～50 cm的土柱进行试验,传感器的数量建议为3～4,可以采用任意初始含水率进行试验接近干燥更好,为避免表面积水,建议降雨强度小于饱和渗透系数。 相似文献
17.
John J. Howarth 《Central European Journal of Geosciences》2010,2(1):41-44
An important property of loess is a tendency to collapse on loading and wetting (hydroconsolidation) which can have serious consequences worldwide for civil engineering projects. This paper describes the use of Monte Carlo and other analytical techniques to predict the shape of naturally occurring loess particles. Randomly generated particles are classified according to Zingg shape categories: disc, sphere, blade and rod. By assuming a uniform distribution for the basic particle, average relative dimensions are calculated for the blade category, into which most loess particles have been shown to fall. 相似文献
18.
黄土特有的湿陷性使其具有遇水软化和工程扰动的强致灾特性,从根本上认清黄土的湿陷机理,是解决黄土地区地质灾害及工程地质问题的迫切需求。文章搜集整理黄土湿陷机理方面的研究成果,从黄土的胶结物组成、性质及胶结方式,微结构特征和颗粒间作用力等三个方面归纳总结黄土湿陷微观机理的研究现状。通过实例分析初步探讨了延安新区马兰黄土的湿... 相似文献
19.
Study on the deformation and failure modes of filling slope in loess filling engineering: a case study at a loess mountain airport 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Lvliang airport is a typical loess filling engineering located in 20.5 km north of Lvliang City in Shanxi Province, China. By the end of March 2012, 14 fissures extending more than 7.5 m were observed in a loess-filled slope, of which the longest fissure is up to 82 m. Field monitoring and laboratory tests have been performed to investigate the slope failure modes. The test program includes wetting tests on unsaturated compacted samples and stress path tests on saturated samples. Field monitoring and observations show that differential settlement caused by non-homogeneity in compacted loess density might lead to the formation of fissures in the loess-filled slope. It was founded that the wetting deformation contributed to the development of differential settlement. Fissures are the essential factor for the loess-filled slope failure. Four deformation stages exhibit in the loess-filled slope prior final failure including development of the fissures, softening of the compacted loess, creeping of the slope leading edge and fissuring of the trailing edge and formation of the through-sliding surface. Development of the sliding surface mainly includes upward and downward expansion of the fissures. Upward expansion is a wetting failure process in loading condition, while downward expansion is a load-off wetting process. In addition, development of the sliding surface is accelerated by softening of the compacted soils as a result of water infiltration. Therefore, the key for taking countermeasures against filling landslides is to monitor and control the development of differential settlement and fissures in the slope shoulders. Digging out and extra-filling the fissures are an effective way for preventing these landslides. 相似文献
20.
Acta Geotechnica - Loess is susceptible to large and sudden volume reduction induced by loading or wetting. The work in this paper focused on compression and collapse behaviour of the intact loess... 相似文献