共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 625 毫秒
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岩溶地区地下水防污性能评价——PI方法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
地下水防污性能评价是保护地下水资源的有效工具.国内外专家进行了许多研究,提出了多种地下水防污性能评价模型,最常用的是DRASTIC模型.但这些模型主要适用于孔隙水地区,对岩溶地区的适应性差.为了研究岩溶地区地下水防污性能,欧洲专家提出了欧洲方法(Europeanapproach).在欧洲方法这个概念模型的基础上,学者提出了多种岩溶地区地下水防污性能评价方法,如PI方法、VULK方法、LEA方法、COP方法和Time-Input方法.本文主要对PI方法进行了较详细的介绍,并指出应用该方法时应注意的问题. 相似文献
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地下水防污性能评价方法探讨 总被引：52，自引：0，他引：52
地下水防污性能评价是环境规划和决策的有用工具,国外已有许多研究,也提出了各种计算防污性能指数模型。文中着重介绍使用最广泛的DRASTIC模型,并指出其不足之处。根据中国情况,提出用DRTA模型评价潜水的防污性能,用DLCT模型评价承压含水层的防污性能。DRTA模型包含有地下水埋深、包气带评分介质、包气带评分介质的厚度和含水层厚度4 个因子;DLCT模型包含有承压含水层埋深、隔水层岩性、隔水层的连续性和隔水层厚度4个因子。 相似文献
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针对中国典型油田区的水文地质条件、主要石油类污染物性质,对地下水防污性能评价模型DRASTIC进行了改进,建立了油田区地下水系统特殊防污性能评价模型——DORKI。在该模型中选取DRASTIC模型中的地下水埋深、净补给量、包气带介质3个评价因子,增加了土壤有机质含量和有机碳-水分配系数Koc2个评价因子。根据相关资料确定了新增评价因子的评分并通过层次分析法中的九标度法确定了5个评价因子的权重。最后结合某油田区的情况,对DORKI进行实例应用和分析,结果表明,DORKI模型能够较为准确地用于原油组分对油田区地下水的污染风险评价。 相似文献
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以某油田区地下水为研究对象,对DRASTIC模型的指标进行了继承和改进,评价了研究区地下水的综合防污性能.首先建立了该区潜水综合防污性能评价指标体系,选取了潜水固有防污性能指数、油井分布密度、土地利用类型三个指标.在此基础上,又选取潜水综合防污性能指数、上部隔水层厚度、承压含水层岩性和承压含水层埋深四个指标构建了承压水综合防污性能评价指标体系.采用正方形剖分法划分评价单元,应用AreGlS空间分析模块提取评价指标的性状数据,采用专家打分——层次分析法确定指标权重,选取综合指数模型对地下水综合防污性能进行评价及分区.结果表明:该区大部分地区地下水的综合防污性能较好,主城区及油井分布区的综合防污能力较低.经改进的评价方法能反映出油田区地下水的综合防污性能. 相似文献
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区域地下水系统防污性能评价方法探讨与验证——以鲁北平原为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
区域地下水系统防污性能评价,面临影响因子多又复杂、评价指标难以客观性选定和权重不易确定等难题,以至严重影响评价结果的可信性。本文以鲁北平原为例,在以往地下水脆弱性评价常用的DRASTIC模型基础上,采用创新的迭置指数方法,改进为"DRITCS法",选择地下水位埋深、包气带综合岩性、地表2 m内单层厚度大于0.5 m的粘土层厚、含水砂层厚度及其渗透系数、和地下水净补给量等因子,组成区域地下水系统防污性能评价模型。合理地确定了区域地下水系统防污性能评价中关键指标——包气带粘性土层变化影响,并在鲁北平原示范性应用和通过以面源污染为主的三氮污染现状验证的结果表明:本文提出的方法能够客观地反映流域性相变造成的地下水系统防污性能空间差异性和区位分布特征,具有较强的实用性。 相似文献
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地下水水源地是当今社会经济发展和生活的主要水源,水源地安全性评价具有十分重要的意义。DRASTIC法是国际上关于水源地脆弱性评价较为成功的一种方法,它较全面地考虑了与水源地脆弱性有关的各种因素,但鉴于水源地水文地质条件复杂程度、研究精度不一,评价结果往往与实际不符,对水源地安全性评价因子的选取和赋予的内涵上应因地而异。该文依托山东省主要城市饮用水安全保证调查评价项目,在DRASTIC法研究的基础上,将评价因子赋予新的内涵,使之更加符合山东省水源地的实际,并对城市地下饮用水水源地安全性作出评价。 相似文献
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H. Baalousha 《Environmental Geology》2006,50(3):405-414
The main usefulness of groundwater vulnerability assessment maps is their ability to be an effective preliminary tool for planning, policy, and operational levels of decision-making. DRASTIC is one such assessment method. The DRASTIC index is made up of a calculated sum of products rating and weights for seven hydrogeological parameters that contribute to aquifer vulnerability. With the help of GIS, and based on the available data, maps of DRASTIC parameters were prepared for the Gaza Strip area in a case study. Each map was given a proper rate and a special weight factor developed. The final vulnerability map was obtained as a summation of the seven maps after multiplying each one with the appropriate weight. The vulnerability map was checked against the actual pollution potential in the area and nitrate concentration. The obtained vulnerability map is strongly correlated to known pollution values in the area. 相似文献
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地下水脆弱性评价是作为地质环境评价的一部分,目前国内外已有众多研究,并提出多种评价模型,其中以DRASTIC方法模型使用最为广泛。AHP（层次分析法）是一种层次权重决策分析方法,综合专家经验与理论数据,可以实现定性与定量二者有效的统一结合,更真实客观的反映研究区评价结果。文中以莱州地区为研究区,在全面调查区内的地质条件、水文地质条件、地形地貌、气象等实际情况的基础上,利用AHP法对目前使用的DRASTIC方法模型进行改进。对原模型中的7个参数进行权重重新取值,然后建立一套符合研究区的地下水脆弱性模型,并进行评价分区,最终绘制了地下水脆弱性分区图。 相似文献
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Groundwater vulnerability assessment in coastal plain of Rio Grande do Sul State,Brazil, using drastic and adsorption capacity of soils 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Groundwater vulnerability assessment to delineate areas that are more susceptible to contamination has become an important
element for resource management and land use planning. The objective of this work was to integrate hydrogeologic data in a
geographic information system (GIS) for phreatic groundwater vulnerability assessment of a pilot area from the Coastal Plain
of the Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, using the DRASTIC method and adsorption capacity of soils. The studied ions were copper,
lead, sulfate and phosphate. Using the original DRASTIC method, the vulnerability presented high values, mainly due to the
texture of the sediments and the low depths of waters, which favor the accessibility of the contaminants to the groundwaters.
DRASTIC with adsorption capacity of soils showed specifics results for each studied ion. Groundwater vulnerability to metals
in relationship to anions was lower. These results show that the original DRASTIC method represents better contaminants with
high mobility.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
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Groundwater pollution risk mapping for the Eocene aquifer of the Oum Er-Rabia basin, Morocco 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Said Ettazarini 《Environmental Geology》2006,51(3):341-347
Sustainable development requires the management and preservation of water resources indispensable for all human activities. When groundwater constitutes the main water resource, vulnerability maps therefore are an important tool for identifying zones of high pollution risk and taking preventive measures in potential pollution sites. The vulnerability assessment for the Eocene aquifer in the Moroccan basin of Oum Er-Rabia is based on the DRASTIC method that uses seven parameters summarizing climatic, geological, and hydrogeological conditions controlling the seepage of pollutant substances to groundwater. Vulnerability maps were produced by using GIS techniques and applying the “generic” and “agricultural” models according to the DRASTIC charter. Resulting maps revealed that the aquifer is highly vulnerable in the western part of the basin and areas being under high contamination risk are more extensive when the “agricultural” model was applied. 相似文献
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基于GIS的农业面源硝酸盐地下水污染动态风险评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地下水中的硝酸盐污染具有全球性,这不仅是一个环境问题,也是一个经济和人类健康问题。DRASTIC方法可以进行地下水污染的脆弱性评价,但是却没有涵盖风险的概念,也忽视了污染物随地表水流运动的动态特性。因此,所得结果可能有碍于“欧洲水管理框架指南”在地下水水质管理中的执行。笔者基于DRASTIC方法开发了一个动态风险评价方法,并将其运用于英国北爱尔兰Upper Bann流域中的一个小流域。研究区地下水硝酸盐污染风险评价结果表明,此方法将有效地帮助决策者在流域范围内开展农业面源地下水污染预防措施。“非常高风险”和“高风险”区分别占研究区面积的5.1%和10.5%。此结果可帮助当地政府针对流域内这些“非常高风险”和“高风险”区的特点制订地下水质保护政策。此方法同样适用于任何面源可溶性污染物的地下水污染动态风险评价。 相似文献
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Groundwater vulnerability assessment and evaluation of human activity impact (HAI) within the Dead Sea groundwater basin,Jordan 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
Groundwater vulnerability to contamination was determined within the Dead Sea groundwater basin, Jordan, using the DRASTIC model and evaluation of human activity impact (HAI). DRASTIC is an index model composed of several hydrogeological parameters and, in this study, the recharge parameter component was calculated as a function of rainfall, soil permeability, slope percentage, fault system, and the intersection locations between the fault system and the drainage system, based on the hydrogeologic characteristics of hard-rock terrain in an arid region. To evaluate the HAI index, a land use/cover map was produced using an ASTER VNIR image, acquired for September 2004, and combined with the resultant DRASTIC model. By comparing the DRASTIC and HAI indices, it is found that human activity is affecting the groundwater quality and increasing its pollution risk. The land use/cover map was verified using the average nitrate concentrations in groundwater associated with land in each class. A sensitivity analysis was carried out in order to study the model sensitivity. The analyses showed that the depth to water table and hydraulic conductivity parameters have no significant impact on the model, whereas the impact of vadose zone, aquifer media, and recharge parameters have a significant impact on the DRASTIC model. 相似文献