Delivery of transuranic elements by rain to the Mediterranean Sea     

M. Thein  S. Ballestra  A. Yamato  R. Fukai 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1980,44(8):1091-1097

The concentrations of ²³⁸Pu, ^{239 + 240}Pu, ²⁴¹Am and ¹³⁷Cs were determined in rain samples collected at Monaco in the course of 1978–1979. Based on these data, the annual deliveries of these radionuclides to the Mediterranean by rain are computed to be 0.18 ± 0.01 pCim^?2 for ²³⁸Pu, 8.1 ± 0.1 pCim^?2 for ^{239 + 240}Pu, 0.58 ± 0.02 pCim^?2 for ²⁴¹Am and 351 ± 4 pCim^?2 for ¹³⁷Cs.Comparing the delivery data with the mixed layer inventories of ^{239 + 240}Pu and ²⁴¹Am in the Mediterranean, the upper limits of the mean residence time of these radionuclides in the mixed layer were estimated to be 12.3 yr for ^{239 + 240}pu and 2.9 yr for ²⁴¹Am. These values are consistent with the conclusion deduced from the vertical distribution pattern of these transuranic elements in the Mediterranean.Based on delivery values, the annual activity ratios for ${}^{238}\text{pu}{}^{\mathrm{239\; +\; 240}}\text{Pu}$, ${}^{241}\text{Am}{}^{\mathrm{239\; +\; 240}}\text{Pu}$ and ${}^{\mathrm{239\; +\; 240}}\text{pu}{}^{137}\text{Cs}$ are found to be 0,022, 0.072 and 0.023 respectively. The ${}^{238}\text{pu}{}^{\mathrm{239\; +\; 240}}\text{pu}$ and ${}^{\mathrm{239\; +\; 240}}\text{Pu}{}^{137}\text{Cs}$ activity ratios vary within relatively narrow ranges with time, while a much wider variation was observed for the ${}^{241}\text{Am}{}^{\mathrm{239\; +\; 240}}\text{Pu}$ activity ratio. The cause of the wider variation of the ${}^{241}\text{Am}{}^{\mathrm{239\; +\; 240}}\text{Pu}$ ratio may be related to the difference in the mean age of fallout brought down in different seasons.  相似文献   

Annual cycle of radionuclide contamination on tide-washed pasture in the Mersey Estuary, NW England     

Michael S. Johnson  David Copplestone  Winston M. Fox  Steve R. Jones 《Estuaries and Coasts》2001,24(2):198-203

The radionuclide burden of vegetation comprising a tide-washed pasture at Ince Marsh in the Mersey Estuary, U.K., derives mainly from adhered external particulates originating as suspended sediments in estuarine water. Radionuclide concentrations are dominated by the growth cycle of the vegetation, with the highest winter levels of contamination activity an order of magnitude greater than the lowest levels in mid-summer. A secondary effect due to sediment transfer during periods of severe flooding produces subsidiary features on this dominant seasonal profile. Radionuclide concentrations on vegetation are in the range¹³⁷Cs=8–191,¹³⁴Cs=0.3–0.9,²⁴¹Am=0.6–46,²³⁸Pu=0.1–1.5, and^239/240Pu=0.8–44 Bq kg⁻¹. These ranges reflect the relative concentrations of radionuclides in estuarine sediment (¹³⁷Cs=615,²⁴¹Am=202, and^239/240Pu=104 Bq kg⁻¹) rather than the values in filtered estuary water (¹³⁷Cs=0.4,²⁴¹Am=0.001, and^239/240Pu=0.001 Bq 1⁻¹). Median K_d values for these radionuclide species are Cs=1,400, Am=200,000, and Pu=80,000 1 kg⁻¹).  相似文献   

Sources of plutonium to the tropical Northwest Pacific Ocean (1943-1999) identified using a natural coral archive     

Patric Lindahl  Ryuji Asami  Paul Worsfold  Min-Seok Choi 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2011,75(5):1346-1356

The Pu isotopes, ²³⁹Pu and ²⁴⁰Pu, were determined in annually-banded skeletons of an accurately dated (1943-1999) modern coral (Porites lobata) from Guam Island to identify historical Pu sources to the tropical Northwest Pacific Ocean. Activity concentrations of ^239+240Pu and ²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu atom ratios were determined in the dated coral bands using multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). Close-in fallout from the former US Pacific Proving Grounds (PPG) in the Marshall Islands and global fallout were identified as the two main sources. The Guam site was dominated by PPG close-in fallout in the 1950s, with an average ²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu atom ratio of 0.315 ± 0.005. In addition, a higher ²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu atom ratio (0.456 ± 0.020) was observed that could be attributed to fallout from the “Ivy Mike” thermonuclear detonation in 1952. The atom ratio decreased in the 1960s and 1970s due to increase in the global fallout with a low ²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu atom ratio (∼0.18). Recent coral bands (1981-1999) are dominated by the transport of remobilised Pu, with high ²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu atom ratios, from the Marshall Islands to Guam Island along the North Equatorial Current (NEC). This remobilised Pu was estimated to comprise 69% of the total Pu in the recent coral bands, although its contribution was variable over time.  相似文献   

Plutonium and americium in anoxic marine sediments: Evidence against remobitization     

R. Carpenter  T.M. Beasley 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1981,45(10):1917-1930

^{239 + 240}Pu activities of 100–450dpm/kg are found down to 15–18 cm in anoxic Saanich Inlet sediments, with a subsurface maximum in undisturbed deposits. Integrated ^{239 + 240}Pu inventories which overlap delivery estimates are present both in two cores of anoxic sediments from Saanich Inlet and in one core of oxic sediments 65 km away in Dabob Bay, Washington. ${}^{241}\text{Am}{}^{\mathrm{239\; +\; 240}}\text{Pu}$ ratios in Saanich Inlet sediments overlap ratios in unfractionated midnorthern latitude fallout, in oxic sediments from the Washington continental shelf, and in anoxic sediments from two basins off southern California and Mexico. The ${}^{\mathrm{239\; +\; 240}}\text{Pu}{}^{137}\text{Cs}$ ratios in three intervals of Saanich Inlet sediments are also in agreement with ratios previously reported for oxic coastal marine sediments. The Pu inventories, the $\text{Am}\text{Pu}$ and $\text{Pu}\text{Cs}$ ratios, and the Saanich Inlet Dabob Bay comparison all argue that Pu is not rapidly remobilized in anoxic sediments.The subsurface ^{239 + 240}Pu activity maximum is not in agreement with the historical record of peak Pu fallout in 1963–1964 unless our ²¹⁰Pb-derived sedimentation rates are incorrectly high. However, they are in good agreement with previous ²¹⁰Pb and varve chronologies in Saanich Inlet, and also give reasonable dates for times when ^{239 + 240}Pu and SNAP-9A supplied ²³⁸Pu first appear in the sediments. We conclude they properly date the maximum in sedimentary ^{239 + 240}Pu activity at 1970–1973, and seek explanations for the 7–10yr time lag after peak fallout.^{239 + 240}Pu inventories in one core from the eastern basin of the Cariaco Trench and in two cores from Golfo Dulce. an anoxic basin off the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, are also in reasonable agreement with fallout delivery to these latitudes when excess ²¹⁰Pb inventories and fluxes are used to verify recovery of at least a major fraction of the most recently deposited sediments.  相似文献   

In situ U–Pb,Sr and Nd isotopic analysis of loparite by LA-(MC)-ICP-MS     

Roger H. Mitchell  Fu-Yuan Wu  Yue-Heng Yang 《Chemical Geology》2011,280(1-2):191-199

This work describes the in situ analysis of loparite [(Na,REE)Ti₂O₆], a perovskite group mineral with extremely low Rb/Sr ratios and high rare earth contents, by LA-(MC)-ICP-MS for the determination of U–Pb ages together with Sr and Nd isotopic composition. The reliability of these data were validated by analysis of a loparite standard by TIMS solution methods. Data are given for loparite from the Lovozero and Khibiny peralkaline complexes of the Kola Alkaline Province (Russia). For Lovozero loparite the Tera–Wasserburg intercept age for 15 loparites analysed is 373 ± 11 Ma, and the weighted ²⁰⁷Pb corrected ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age is 373 ± 2 Ma. For Khibiny loparite, the intercept age for 5 loparites analysed is 375 ± 10 Ma, and the weighted ²⁰⁷Pb corrected ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age is 374 ± 3 Ma. The common Pb compositions for Lovozero and Khibiny loparites are identical i.e. ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb = 0.898 ± 0.009 and 0.898 ± 0.007, respectively. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr initial ratios of Lovozero loparite range from 0.703552 to 0.703682 (av. 0.703611), and εNd (t₃₇₀) from + 3.8 to + 4.4 (av. + 4.0). The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr initial ratios of Khibiny loparite range from 0.703560 to 0.703871, and εNd (t₇₃₀) from + 4.0 to + 4.8. Our data indicate that in situ LA-(MC)-ICP-MS analysis of loparite provides accurate and precise estimates of the intrusion ages and isotopic composition of peralkaline rocks.  相似文献   

Evidence of long-lived I and Pu isotopes enrichment in vegetation samples around the Marcoule Nuclear Reprocessing Plant (France)     

C. Duffa  C. Frchou 《Applied Geochemistry》2003,18(12):1867-1873

Iodine-129 and ²³⁸Pu, ²³⁹Pu and ²⁴⁰Pu are radionuclides posing a long-term safety concern due to their potential integration in bio and geo-chemical cycles and their significant half-lives. They are present throughout the environment at very low levels, and more particularly, nuclear fuel reprocessing plants (NRP) have been identified as local sources of these radionuclides. However, due to measurement difficulties, published data concerning their activity levels in terrestrial environments around NRP facilities remain scarce. The aim of the present paper is to communicate ¹²⁹I, ²³⁸Pu and ^239+240Pu measurements results from the area surrounding the Marcoule NRP, which is situated in SE France. Several vegetation samples were collected around the nuclear installation in 1999 and 2000, in order to examine the possible impacts of its atmospheric I and Pu discharges. Based on ²³⁸Pu/^239+240Pu activity ratios and ¹²⁹I/¹²⁷I isotopic ratios, local increases in Pu and ¹²⁹I were detected and related to industrial activity.  相似文献   

Caesium-137 in Southeast Asia: Is there enough left for soil erosion and sediment redistribution studies?     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2013

Low reference inventories of the fallout radionuclide ¹³⁷Cs in low latitudes may limit its present and future application for studies of soil erosion and sediment redistribution in Southeast Asia. ¹³⁷Cs reference inventories and concentrations in surface materials measured in nine and five areas, respectively, across Southeast Asia are here reported and reviewed. The compiled reference inventories decrease from north to south. Three global estimates of ¹³⁷Cs total fallout are also reviewed and compared to the measured data while taking into account factors that affect the fallout estimates and the reference inventory. The results are presented as a schematic regional distribution map of ¹³⁷Cs reference inventories for the year 2012. A relationship between a reference inventory and topsoil concentration is also provided. The measured ¹³⁷Cs concentrations suggest that a minimum detectable activity (MDA) less than 0.5 Bq/kg is required for detection of ¹³⁷Cs activity in topsoils in the lowest reference inventory areas. This sensitivity should allow, at present, ¹³⁷Cs to be a useful tool for analysis of soil erosion in Southeast Asia, should also be a useful chronometer, and will be a useful tracer at least where the reference inventory is more than 500–600 Bq/m². This level of MDA has been demonstrated in previous studies to be achievable by gamma-ray spectrometry using non-destructive sample treatment. As the nuclide decays, sufficient will remain to be useful until the middle of this century in most areas in Peninsular Malaysia and southern maritime Southeast Asia, and a few decades more in the rest of the region.  相似文献   

Recommended Values of ²³⁹Pu, ²⁴⁰Pu and ^239+240Pu Concentrations in Reference Material IAEA-315 (Marine Sediment) Estimated by Thermal Ionisation Mass Spectrometry, Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry and Alpha Spectrometry     

Taeko Shinonaga  Helmuth Aigner  Dilani Klose  Peter Spinder  Heinz Fröschl  David Donohue 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2008,32(1):93-101

The recommended concentrations of ²³⁹Pu, ²⁴⁰Pu and ^239+240Pu in reference material IAEA‐315 (marine sediment) were estimated by three analytical methods: isotope dilution thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (TIMS), isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) and alpha spectrometry. The determination of ²³⁹Pu and ²⁴⁰Pu (^239+240Pu by alpha spectrometry) was carried out with samples from randomly selected bottles using each method. Plutonium‐238 was also measured by alpha spectrometry. A plutonium‐242 reference material was used as a spike for the quantitative analysis. The influence of ²⁴²Pu in the samples was therefore calculated; however, this contribution was less than the range of uncertainty and did not influence the final results. The obtained data were statistically analysed using variance component analysis and paired comparison. The combined standard uncertainties from “method/measurement”, “bottle” and “sub‐sample” were in the order of 3 to 6%. The main contributions to the uncertainty were from the material heterogeneity and from systematic differences between methods. Based on this study with twenty‐seven analyses using 10–14 g sample mass, concentrations of (38 ± 3) Bq kg^?1, (28 ± 3) Bq kg^?1 and (66 ± 4) Bq kg^?1 are proposed as recommended values for ²³⁹Pu, ²⁴⁰Pu and ^239+240Pu, respectively, and (9.5 ± 0.4) Bq kg^?1 for ²³⁸Pu as an information value in reference material IAEA‐315. In mass concentration units, these amount to (16.4 ± 1.2) ng kg^?1, (3.3 ± 0.4) ng kg^?1 and (0.015 ± 0.003) ng kg^?1 for ²³⁹Pu, ²⁴⁰Pu and ²³⁸Pu, respectively. The certified reference materials NIST 4350B and NIST 4354 were also analysed by TIMS for quality assurance of the method used in this study.  相似文献   

Comparative Estimation of the Plutonium (238Pu, 239+240Pu) and Radiocesium (137Cs) Content in Bottom Sediments and Hydrobionts of the Yenisei River     

Zotina  T. A.  Melgunov  M. S.  Dementyev  D. V.  Alexandrova  Yu. V. 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2020,492(2):434-437

Doklady Earth Sciences - The contents of isotopes of plutonium (238Pu and 239, 240Pu) and 137Cs in samples of bottom sediments and hydrobionts (water moss, amphipods, and caddisfly larvae with...  相似文献   

Transport and accumulation of actinide elements in the near-shore environment: field and modelling studies   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

OLIVIA J. MARSDEN†  LIAM ABRAHAMSEN†  NICHOLAS D. BRYAN†  J. PHILIP DAY†  L. KEITH FIFIELD‡  CLARISSA GENT†  PHILLIP S. GOODALL§  KATHERINE MORRIS¶  FRANCIS R. LIVENS 《Sedimentology》2006,53(1):237-248

Nuclear facilities in coastal locations often discharge low‐level liquid wastes into the sea and the radioisotopes in these discharges are of interest both in assessing possible environmental impacts and as tracers for coastal processes. The distributions of a range of artificial radionuclides, derived from the authorized discharges from British Nuclear Fuels (BNFL) Sellafield, have been determined in the sediments of an intertidal salt marsh in the Esk Estuary, Cumbria, UK. Where published discharge histories exist (for ¹³⁷Cs, ²³⁸Pu, ^239,240Pu and ²⁴¹Am), the sediment core‐profile distributions of these radionuclides have been compared with the releases from Sellafield, and consistent values of the accumulation rate (0·226 ± 0·007 g cm^?2 yr^?1) are obtained. A quantitative model has been developed, describing association of radionuclides with suspended particulate material, which is then accumulated and mixed in an offshore mud patch before resuspension and deposition in the salt marsh. The model has been used to describe radionuclide distributions observed in both the mud patch and the salt marsh, and to identify isotopes for which post‐depositional remobilization or solution transport from the discharge point are important. The behaviour of the commonly studied isotopes (¹³⁷Cs, ²³⁸Pu, ^239,240Pu and ²⁴¹Am) is similar to that observed at this and other nearby locations. The activation product isotope ²³⁶U is enhanced in these sediments over the natural baseline by four to eight orders of magnitude, and the results suggest that Sellafield‐derived uranium is comparably mobile to ¹³⁷Cs in these sediments although the processes governing the behaviour of these two elements may be different. In situ production of ²⁴¹Am by decay of its ²⁴¹Pu parent has generated only 17% of the current sediment inventory of this isotope, insufficient to account for the increase over the last 20–25 years, and suggesting that the input material for these sediments is preferentially enriched in Am relative to Pu during transport from the offshore mud patch. The discharge history of ²⁴⁴Cm, which is unknown, has also been reconstructed from the sediment profile and the model.  相似文献   

Safe management of actinides in the nuclear fuel cycle: Role of mineralogy     

Rodney C. Ewing 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2011,343(2-3):219-229

During the past 60 years, more than 1800 metric tonnes of Pu, and substantial quantities of the “minor” actinides, such as Np, Am and Cm, have been generated in nuclear reactors. Some of these transuranium elements can be a source of energy in fission reactions (e.g., ²³⁹Pu), a source of fissile material for nuclear weapons (e.g., ²³⁹Pu and ²³⁷Np), and of environmental concern because of their long-half lives and radiotoxicity (e.g., ²³⁹Pu and ²³⁷Np). There are two basic strategies for the disposition of these heavy elements: (1) to “burn” or transmute the actinides using nuclear reactors or accelerators; (2) to “sequester” the actinides in chemically durable, radiation-resistant materials that are suitable for geologic disposal. There has been substantial interest in the use of actinide-bearing minerals, especially isometric pyrochlore, A₂B₂O₇ (A = rare earths; B = Ti, Zr, Sn, Hf), for the immobilization of actinides, particularly plutonium, both as inert matrix fuels and nuclear waste forms. Systematic studies of rare-earth pyrochlores have led to the discovery that certain compositions (B = Zr, Hf) are stable to very high doses of alpha-decay event damage. Recent developments in our understanding of the properties of heavy element solids have opened up new possibilities for the design of advanced nuclear fuels and waste forms.  相似文献   

Triassic volcanism in eastern Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces,NE China: Chronology,geochemistry, and tectonic implications     

Wen-Liang Xu  Wei-Qiang Ji  Fu-Ping Pei  En Meng  Yang Yu  De-Bin Yang  Xingzhou Zhang 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2009,34(3):392-402

With the aim of constraining the Early Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the eastern section of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), we undertook zircon U–Pb dating and geochemical analyses (major and trace elements, Sr–Nd isotopes) of volcanic rocks of the Luoquanzhan Formation and Daxinggou Group in eastern Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces, China. The analyzed rocks consist mainly of dacite and rhyolite, with SiO₂ contents of 68.52–76.65 wt%. Three samples from the Luoquanzhan Formation and one from the Daxinggou Group were analyzed using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U–Pb zircon techniques. Three zircons with well-defined oscillatory zoning yielded weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages of 217 ± 1, 214 ± 2, and 208 ± 1 Ma, and one zircon with oscillatory zoning yielded a weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 201 ± 1 Ma. These ages are interpreted to represent the timing of eruption of the volcanic rocks. The Triassic volcanic rocks are characterized by high SiO₂ and low MgO concentrations, enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and light rare earth elements (LREEs), depletion in high field strength elements (HFSEs) and heavy rare earth elements (HREEs), (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i = 0.7040–0.7050 (Luoquanzhan Formation) and 0.7163–0.7381 (Daxinggou Group), and ε_Nd (t) = 1.89–3.94 (Luoquanzhan Formation) and 3.42–3.68 (Daxinggou Group). These geochemical features indicate an origin involving the partial melting of juvenile lower crust (Nd model ages (T_DM2) of 651–821 Ma) and that compositional variation among the volcanic rocks arose from mineral fractionation and minor assimilation. These volcanic rocks formed within an extensional environment following collision of the NCC and Jiamusi-Khanka Massif during the Late Paleozoic–Early Triassic.  相似文献   

Jadeite-gneiss from the Eclogite Zone,Tauern Window,Eastern Alps,Austria: Metamorphic,geochemical and zircon record of a sedimentary protolith     

《Lithos》2007,93(1-2):68-88

In the Eclogite Zone of the Tauern Window, a layer of strongly retrogressed leucocratic jadeite-bearing gneiss is intercalated between mafic kyanite-eclogites. The jadeite-gneiss consists of garnet + quartz + paragonite ± phengite ± zoisite + zircon + rutile + apatite + pyrite. Kyanite, jadeite or omphacite are exclusively present as inclusions in garnet. Retrogressive hydration during exhumation led to a breakdown of matrix jadeite to form pseudomorphs of calcic amphibole + albite. Peak metamorphic conditions derived from the primary gneiss assemblage are 2.0–2.4 GPa at approximately 640 °C. Major, trace element and isotopic compositions of the jadeite-gneiss are consistent with a siliciclastic sedimentary protolith. Zircon morphology and zonation patterns reveal a complex history. The presence of fracture-truncated zircons suggests a detrital origin, whereas most internal structures and Th/U ratios are characteristic of zircons from magmatic rocks. In situ LA-ICP-MS and SHRIMP U–Pb geochronology and zircon geochemisty provide evidence of at least three magmatic events in the provenance area. These were dated at 466 ± 2 Ma, 437 ± 2 Ma and 288 ± 9 Ma. Older ages ranging from 503 to 691 Ma are preserved in the cores of some zircon grains, suggesting derivation from peri-Gondwanan sources. Surprisingly, no firm evidence of the Tertiary high-pressure metamorphic event and subsequent retrograde overprint was seen in any of the studied zircons. However, some zircons show resorbed surfaces suggesting corrosion by a superficial fluid phase undersaturated in zirconium and one extensively altered porous zircon yielded highly discordant ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages in the range 325–109 Ma documenting partial recrystallization by dissolution–reprecipitation of a highly reactive grain.  相似文献   

Assessing soil erosion and control factors by radiometric technique in the source region of the Yellow River,Tibetan Plateau   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

《Quaternary Research》2014,81(3):538-544

Measurements of ¹³⁷Cs concentration in soils were made in a representative catchment to quantify erosion rates and identify the main factors involved in the erosion in the source region of the Yellow River in the Tibetan Plateau. In order to estimate erosion rates in terms of the main factors affecting soil loss, samples were collected taking into account the slope and vegetation cover along six selected transects within the Dari County catchment. The reference inventory for the area was established at a stable, well-preserved, site of small thickness (value of 2324 Bq·m^− 2). All the sampling sites had been eroded and ¹³⁷Cs inventories varied widely in the topsoil (14.87–25.56 Bq·kg^− 1). The effective soil loss values were also highly variable (11.03–28.35 t·km^− 1·yr^− 1) in line with the vegetation cover change. The radiometric approach was useful in quantifying soil erosion rates and examining patterns of soil movement.  相似文献   

The fault-controlled skarn W–Mo polymetallic mineralization during the main India–Eurasia collision: Example from Hahaigang deposit of Gangdese metallogenic belt of Tibet     

《Ore Geology Reviews》2014

The Hahaigang W–Mo polymetallic skarn deposit is located in the central-eastern part of Gangdese tectono-magmatic belt in Lhasa terrane, Tibet. The deposit was discovered in 2007 with currently proven 46 million tons of WO₃ ores, 12 million tons of Mo ores, and 1.31 million tons of combined Cu–Pb–Zn ores, at an average grade of 0.20% WO₃, 0.07% Mo, 0.026% Cu, 0.49% Pb, and 3.1% Zn. Ore bodies occur in veins or disseminations, and are confined within the NE-striking Dalong fault zone which is hosted by the Lower-Permian Pangna Group of dominantly quartz sandstone and slate. Several granitic plutons are exposed in the area or known from drill-holes. Ages of these granitic plutons are determined by using zircon U–Pb LA–ICP–MS method. For example, the biotite monzogranite yields a ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U–²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁸U concordia age of 58.66 ± 0.90 Ma and a weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 57.02 ± 0.42 Ma. The granite porphyry yields a ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U–²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁸U concordia age of 109.1 ± 8.9 Ma and a weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 114.0 ± 2.6 Ma. The biotite monzogranite yields a weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 56.1 ± 1.1 Ma. Re–Os isochron age of 63.2 ± 3.2 Ma from 5 molybdenite samples collected from the W–Mo skarn ores is also obtained in this study. The zircon U–Pb and molybdenite Re–Os geochronological data suggest that the W–Mo mineralization was not temporally associated with any of the dated igneous plutons. However, the molybdenite Re–Os age of 63.2 ± 3.2 Ma indicates that the W–Mo mineralization might have occurred during the main India–Eurasia collision that was initiated around 65 Ma. Microprobe analysis of ilvaite that occurs in two generations in the W–Mo skarn ores reveals a close relationship to Ca–Fe–F-rich hydrothermal fluids, which were probably derived from deeply-seated magmas. We suggest that ascent of the fluids was strictly controlled by the ore-controlling Dalong fault zone, and that chemical interaction and metasomatism between the fluids and the Lower-Permian Pangna quartz-feldspathic host rocks produced the ilvaite and the W–Mo polymetallic skarn deposit during the main India–Eurasia collision. Although the majority of the polymetallic deposits in the Gangdese belt are reported to be either pre- or post-main collision, it is evident from this study that the main collision also produced W–Mo polymetallic mineralization within the belt.  相似文献   

Geochronological and geochemical constraints on the petrogenesis of alkaline ultramafic dykes from southwest Guizhou Province,SW China     

Shen Liu  Wenchao Su  Ruizhong Hu  Caixia Feng  Shan Gao  Ian M. Coulson  Tao Wang  Guangying Feng  Yan Tao  Yong Xia 《Lithos》2010,114(1-2):253-264

Geochronological, geochemical and whole-rock Sr–Nd isotopic analyses have been completed on a suite of alkaline ultramafic dykes from southwest (SW) Guizhou Province, China with the aim of characterising their petrogenesis. The Baiceng ultramafic dykes have a LA-ICP-MS zircon ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 88.1 ± 1.1 Ma (n = 8), whereas two phlogopites studied by ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating methods give emplacement ages of 85.25 ± 0.57 Ma and 87.51 ± 0.45 Ma for ultramafic dykes from Yinhe and Lurong, respectively. In terms of composition, these Late Mesozoic ultramafic dykes belong to the alkaline magma series due to their high K₂O (3.31–5.04 wt.%) contents. The dykes are characterised by enrichment of light rare earth element (LREE) and large-ion lithosphile elements (LILEs) (Rb and Ba), negative anomalies in high field strength elements (HFSEs), such as, Nb, Ta and Ti relative to primitive mantle, low initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7060–0.7063) and positive ε_Nd(t) values (0.3–0.4). Such features suggest derivation from low degree (< 1%) partial melting of depleted asthenospheric mantle (garnet-lherzolite), and contamination to various degrees (～ 10%) by interaction with upper crustal materials.  相似文献   

Zircon U–Pb ages and Hf isotope compositions of the Mayuan migmatite complex,NW Fujian Province,Southeast China: Constraints on the timing and nature of a regional tectonothermal event associated with the Caledonian orogeny     

Rui Liu  Hanwen Zhou  Li Zhang  Zengqiu Zhong  Wen Zeng  Hua Xiang  Song Jin  Xinqian Lu  Chunzhong Li 《Lithos》2010,119(3-4):163-180

U–Pb ages, trace elements, and Hf isotope compositions of zircons from the Mayuan migmatite complex in NW Fujian province have been determined to provide constraints on the source and genesis of anatexis and tectonothermal evolution related to the Caledonian orogeny in South China. The migmatites investigated consist of various amounts of mesosome, leucosome, and melansome. Zircons extracted from mesosome, leucosome, and granite samples are characterized by oscillatory overgrowths enclosing inherited cores or occur as newly grown grains. The ages of the inherited zircons from the leucosome and granite samples are consistent with those of adjacent basement paragneiss in the study area, suggesting that both leucosome and granite were generated by partial melting of the latter. A comparison of Hf isotopes between the newly-formed zircons and inherited cores indicates that the former resulted from the breakdown of preexisting inherited zircons and/or less Hf-rich minerals other than zircons at the source. One mesosome sample contains typical metamorphic zircons that yielded a weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 453 ± 3 Ma. They show enrichments in heavy REEs (Lu_N/La_N up to 22,709), indicating their growth prior to garnet crystallization. The other mesosome sample, in contrast, contains both newly-formed metamorphic rims and grains that gave a weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 442 ± 8 Ma. They are characterized by relatively low Th/U ratios, depletions in heavy REEs (Lu_N/La_N = 117–396), and low ¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf ratios, suggesting their growth synchronous with garnet crystallization. The U–Pb ages of the mesosome samples are interpreted as recording the time of early (ca. 453 Ma) to peak (442 Ma) stages of a regional metamorphic event. Two leucosome and two granite samples yield consistent U–Pb ages of 438 ± 5 Ma to 442 ± 4 Ma, which provide constraints on the timing of subsequent anatexis and magmatism. The geochronological data reported here reveal a consecutive sequence of regional metamorphism, anatexis, and magmatism in NW Fujian province, lasting for at least 15 Myr, which was driven by the Caledonian orogeny that have affected a major part of the SCB.  相似文献   

Plutonium and radiocesium in the water column of the Hudson River estuary     

P. Linsalata  H. J. Simpson  C. R. Olsen  N. Cohen  R. M. Trier 《Environmental Geology》1985,7(4):193-204

Isotopes of plutonium (Pu), cesium (Cs), and cobalt (Co) introduced into the Hudson River Estuary from fallout deposition, the erosion of fallout-contaminated surface soils, and nuclear reactor effluent (isotopes of Cs and Co only) have been measured in water column samples collected from 1975 to 1980 Isotopic measurements conducted independently by two research groups utilizing different sampling and analytical techniques have been summarized. The major conclusions drawn from the work are that for water samples collected by the two laboratories over similar time periods, the mean concentrations of nonfilterable^239,240Pu (<0.45 μm) were identical at 0.13 fCi/l, mean concentrations of both¹³⁷Cs and^239,240Pu in suspended particulates were more divergent at 2,270±920 pCi/kg (±1 SD) and 1,430±430 pCi/kg for¹³⁷Cs, and 19±8 pCi/kg and 12±4 pCi/kg for^239,240Pu The behavior of^239,240Pu and¹³⁷Cs within the water column is shown to diverge within brackish waters Specifically, the magnitude of the¹³⁷Cs distribution coefficient (K _d ) can be expressed as an inverse power function of the chloride ion concentrations for chlorinities between 0.1 and 4 g Cl⁻/l No difference in the^239,240PuK _d has been observed between fresh and brackish waters Based on the expected inventories of^239,240Pu and¹³⁷Cs within watershed soils, the current downstream transport of these radionuclides represents fractional mobilization rates on the order of 1–4 (×10⁻⁴) per year  相似文献   

Phanerozoic reactivation of the Archean North China Craton through episodic magmatism: Evidence from zircon U–Pb geochronology and Hf isotopes from the Liaodong Peninsula     

Hong-Fu Zhang  Ji-Feng Ying  Yan-Jie Tang  Xian-Hua Li  Chuang Feng  M. Santosh 《Gondwana Research》2011,19(2):446-459

The Archean lithospheric root of the North China Craton (NCC) has been considerably eroded and modified by Phanerozoic magmatic processes. Here we investigate the decratonization of the NCC through U–Pb and Hf isotopic analyses of zircons from Cenozoic basalts in the Liaodong Peninsula using ion-probe and MC-ICPMS techniques. The U–Pb zircon geochronology identifies three zircon populations: Precambrian, Paleozoic and Mesozoic. The Precambrian zircons yield ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb ages of 2275–2567 Ma with a peak at around 2.5 Ga. They define a U–Pb discordia with upper intercept ages of 2447 ± 50 Ma to 2556 ± 50 Ma and a wide range of Hf T_DM ages with a mode at 2.7–2.8 Ga. Our results clearly demonstrate the presence of an Archean lower crust in the Liaodong region. The Paleozoic zircons from the Liaodong region lack the clear internal zoning and are subhedral to rounded in shape, and yield a narrow ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U concordant ages of 419–487 Ma with a weighted mean age of 462 ± 16 Ma. The Mesozoic zircons predominantly show crystallization in the early Cretaceous and yield a relatively large range in ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages from 100 to 138 Ma (n = 53) with a peak around 120 Ma. Three samples give indistinguishable weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages of 120 ± 5 Ma, 120 ± 4 Ma and 121 ± 2 Ma. These early Cretaceous zircons have enriched Hf isotope compositions with ε_Hf(t) values from ?26 to ?16. Our results provide important constraints on episodic magmatism during the Phanerozoic in the Liaodong region, which led to substantial reactivation of the Archean basement of the North China Craton.  相似文献   

Ion microprobe U–Pb dating and Sr isotope measurement of a protoconodont     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2014

This report describes in situ ion microprobe U–Pb dating of a protoconodont, an early Cambrian phosphate microfossil, using laterally high-resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS). On a single fragment of a fossil (approximately 850 μm × 250 μm) derived from a sedimentary layer in the Meishucunian Yuhucun Formation, Yunnan Province, southern China, 23 spots provide a ²³⁸U/²⁰⁶Pb isochron age of 547 ± 43 Ma (2σ, MSWD = 1.9), which is consistent with the depositional age, 536.5 ± 2.5 Ma estimated using zircon U–Pb dating of interbedded tuffs. However, five spots on a small region (approximately 250 μm × 100 μm) in the same protoconodont yield an isochron age of 417 ± 74 Ma (2σ, MSWD = 0.31), apparently younger than the formation age. The younger age might be attributable to a later hydrothermal event, perhaps associated with Caledonian orogenic activity recorded in younger zircon with an age of 420–440 Ma. We also measured ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of the protoconodont by NanoSIMS. In the older domain, 19 spots give the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of 0.71032 ± 0.00023 (2σ), although seven spots on the younger region provide the ratio of 0.70862 ± 0.00045; this is significantly less radiogenic than the older domain. This is the first report of U–Pb age and Sr isotope heterogeneity within a single fragment of micro-fossil (215).  相似文献