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1.
Paleoenvironmental implications of new OSL dates on the formation of the “Shell Bar” in the Qaidam Basin,northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
A geological feature in the Qaidam Basin known as the “Shell Bar” contains millions of freshwater clam shells buried in situ. Since the 1980s, this feature in the now hyper-arid basin has been interpreted to be lake deposits that provide evidence for a warmer and more humid climate than present during late marine isotope stage 3 (MIS 3). Global climate during late MIS 3 and the last glacial maximum, however, was cold and dry, with much lower sea levels. We re-investigated the feature geomorphologically and sedimentologically, and employed optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating to verify the chronology of the sediments. We interpret the Shell Bar to be a remnant of a river channel formed by a stream that ran across an exposed lake bed during a regressive lake phase. Deflation of the surrounding older, fine-grained lacustrine deposits has left the fluvial channel sediments topographically inverted, indicating the erosive nature of the landscape. Luminescence ages place the formation of the Shell Bar in MIS 5 (~113–99 ka), much older than previous radiocarbon ages of <40 ka BP, but place the paleoclimatic inferences more in accord with other regional and global climate proxy records. We present a brief review of the age differences derived from 14C and OSL dating of some critical sections that were thought to represent a warmer and more humid climate than present during late MIS 3. We attribute the differences to underestimation of 14C ages. We suggest that 14C ages older than ~25 ka BP may require re-investigation, especially dates on samples from arid regions. 相似文献
2.
柴达木盆地大面积裸露于地表的古湖相沉积物长期受到物理风化的剥蚀作用,成为风尘堆积的主要物源。而沉积物中的生物标志物在一定条件下会被保存下来,记录了古环境变化。利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对采自柴达木盆地察尔汗盐湖古湖相沉积物样品进行了分析,结果检测出一系列具有生物源指示意义的生物标志物,主要包括系列正构烷烃、系列正烷基-2-酮、正构脂肪酸/醇/酯、系列支链烷烃、系列烷基酰胺以及若干五环三萜类（非藿烷系列）及甾类化合物。研究发现柴达木盆地察尔汗古湖湖泊沉积物中生物标志物未受强烈的成岩作用及微生物活动的改造,基本保持了原有的分布特征。正构烷烃高碳数系列明显的奇碳优势以及样品中高含量的非藿类五环三萜类生物标志物的检出说明在高原封闭性盐湖中曾经存在着大量高等植物碎屑的输入,指示了沉积时期气候湿润、植被相对繁盛,与柴达木盆地的现代自然地理环境截然不同。 相似文献
3.
沉积岩中的微量元素对沉积环境水介质的变化较为敏感,是研究沉积物沉积时古气候、古环境的有效手段。选取了对沉积环境介质较为敏感的锶(Sr)、钡(Ba)、铜(Cu)、铀(U)、钒(V)、镍(Ni)、钍(Th)等元素作为判别指标,对柴达木盆地西部上新统油砂山组、狮子沟组和更新统七个泉组三套富锶岩层的古气候和古沉积环境特征进行了研究。结果表明,柴达木盆地西部从油砂山组到七个泉组沉积时总体上为干旱的气候环境;湖盆水体的盐度较高,表现为咸水环境,且从油砂山组到七个泉组随着地层变新,盐度有逐渐增大的趋势;油砂山组、狮子沟组和七个泉组沉积时湖盆水体均表现为中等分层、湖水循环较为顺畅的氧化环境。 相似文献
4.
Copepods (Class Crustacea, Order Copepoda) are rarely included in paleoecological studies of lakes because they lack long-lasting exoskeletal remains. We describe the remains of eggs (egg shells) from Hesperodiaptomus copepods that are well preserved and abundant in alpine lake sediments. We demonstrate that the egg shells are the remains of Hesperodiaptomus eggs based on (i) the similar size and morphology of egg shells collected from sediments and those produced from the hatching of eggs obtained from laboratory-maintained Hesperodiaptomus, and (ii) the finding that diapausing eggs collected from lake sediments and hatched in the laboratory produced copepod nauplii that were morphologically indistinguishable from those hatched from eggs produced by laboratory-maintained Hesperodiaptomus. Egg shells were approximately two orders of magnitude more abundant in sediment cores than were viable diapausing eggs, making egg shells superior to viable diapausing eggs for quantifying the historical presence and abundance of Hesperodiaptomus. These results have important implications for alpine lake restoration as egg shells can be used to identify lakes in which Hesperodiaptomus was eliminated by fish introductions but has failed to return after fish eradication, lakes in which the pre-disturbance conditions are likely to be restored only by reintroductions of this important taxon. 相似文献
5.
湖泊滨岸带风成沉积一直是湖泊沉积研究的薄弱点。占据青海湖湖盆面积近五分之一的东岸沙丘为研究现代湖泊滨岸带提供了一个现代沉积实例。随着沉积学的不断发展,研究内容已经从"一元"的传统相模式逐渐过渡为"二元"的"源-汇"体系。以野外地质考察和遥感影像资料为基础,结合文献调研和相关测试分析资料,进行分析。结果表明：团保山前发育有相对广阔的滨岸沉积,指示了青海湖湖水曾经达到山前地带。大面积的滨岸沉积和古沙丘出露水面以及风对山体的吹蚀,为湖东风砂堆积提供了物源基础。干旱-半干旱气候为沙丘的形成提供了有利的气候条件。断陷湖盆的长条形地貌使得风沿着长轴方向吹扬,造成风成堆积物在长轴的一端堆积。高大的团保山/达坂山的山前复杂地貌特征为金字塔沙丘的形成提供了有利的地形条件。西北风产生的波浪和沿岸流作用于沙岛和海晏湾的滨岸带,导致滨浅湖的砂堆积形成沿岸沙坝。随着湖平面的下降,沿岸沙坝出露水面,并逐渐闭合形成障壁岛-泻湖沉积。 相似文献
6.
末次冰期以来柴达木盆地沙漠形成与演化 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
通过热释光测年,结合剖面岩性岩相特征、粒度等环境指标的综合分析,对柴达木盆地各地形面上古风成砂剖面进行了详细分析研究。将柴达木盆地沙漠形成与演化划分为3个阶段：21～15 kaBP的末次盛冰期是柴达木盆地大规模沙漠活动时期;15～10 kaBP的晚冰期柴达木盆地沙漠经历了多次扩展和固定缩小的波动演化;10 kaBP以来的全新世盆地沙漠经历了固定缩小和再次扩张的演化过程。自21 kaBP末次盛冰期以来,随着全球气候的波动变化,盆地沙漠虽经历了多次扩展与固定缩小的两相组合式波动演化过程,但流沙活动至今尚未完全停止过。现今盆地流沙活动是末次盛冰期以来沙漠演化过程中新近经历的又一阶段,是末次盛冰期流沙活动的承袭。 相似文献
7.
Wild rice (Zizania spp. L.) is a North American native grain with spiritual and dietary significance to many native people. Wild rice is also an important aquatic plant that provides critical habitat to wetland and aquatic wildlife. Past distribution of wild rice in North America is poorly understood, largely because of the limited taxonomic resolution of Poaceae pollen. A novel technique for detecting diagnostic Zizania silica phytoliths allows unambiguous identification of this taxon in lake sediments. We need to better understand modern depositional patterns of phytoliths in lake sediments, however, before attempting detailed paleoreconstructions. We analyzed distributions of diagnostic Zizania and other Poaceae phytoliths in modern sediments from three lakes with variable percent cover of wild rice and a non-wild rice control lake in central Minnesota. Absolute counts of phytoliths per gram sediment were achieved using an exotic diatom marker. Non-Zizania short-cell phytoliths, i.e. phytoliths from wetland grasses Phragmites australis and Muhlenbergia glomerata, dominate the assemblages in all lakes. Most Poaceae short-cell phytoliths appear to be derived locally, with little evidence for regional inheritance from eolian or alluvial processes. Because of anatomical differences in decay of plant debris and other taphonomic issues, Zizania inflorescence rondel phytoliths were most abundant, with morphotypes from other parts rarely encountered. Even in sediments under the densest wild rice stands, Zizania phytoliths contributed a maximum of 9 % to total Poaceae phytolith abundance. Lake morphology also affects the depositional pattern of phytoliths in modern sediments, so coring locations should be considered carefully. At least 500 phytoliths should be counted to detect a sufficient number of wild rice phytolith morphotypes. Diagnostic Zizania phytoliths are a reliable tool for wild rice detection in paleolake sediments. 相似文献
8.
本研究尝试使用钾长石多步升温红外后红外法 （MET-pIRIR） 对察尔汗盐湖北侧线形沙丘下伏古湖相沉积物进行年代测定,并初步探讨其古环境意义。结果表明：钾长石MET-pIRIR250法能够得到等效剂量坪区,说明长石信号能够充分晒退并且异常衰减对测年结果的影响可以忽略,从而保证了测年结果的可靠性;古湖相沉积顶部200—180 ka的年代证实了深海氧同位素7阶段柴达木盆地大规模湖泊的存在;上覆地层缺失表明即便在柴达木盆地沉积中心附近,地表沉积物的侵蚀（主要为风蚀）也十分严重,以至于在冰期尺度上也难保证连续性;这一年代结果也表明湖泊的演化并非造成线性沙丘较年轻（3—0 ka）的直接原因。钾长石MET-pIRIR法的应用对解决盆地内中、晚更新世古环境、古气候、地貌演化等问题具有重要意义。 相似文献
9.
柴达木盆地是我国盐湖资源集中分布区,受21世纪暖湿化气候和水量增补的影响,盆地多个盐湖呈现湖面扩张趋势,该过程开始影响盐湖资源离子含量和湖泊生态环境,也对湖区沿线公共基础设施造成一定影响。为了研究湖泊水量增补对盐湖资源及生态环境的影响,选取了柴北缘山前5个湖泊(苏干湖、德宗马海湖、巴仑马海湖、小柴旦湖和托素湖)作为研究对象,开展了2017~2021年湖泊扩张、典型盐湖矿化度和资源元素变化趋势以及对周边基础设施影响的研究。结果表明:1)资源型湖泊湖水淡化和资源品位下降;2)生态型湖泊周边植物群落发生变化(水生植物芦苇扩张、旱生植物白刺和梭梭衰退);3)淹没湖区房屋和旅游道路,危及周边的高速公路等公共基础设施。该研究结果不仅具有为柴达木盆地乃至青藏高原盐湖资源开采和生态环境治理提供科学依据的理论意义,而且具有为青海省基础设施保护和建设提供决策依据的现实意义。 相似文献
10.
大同-阳原盆地古泥河湾湖的岸线变化 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本文通过大同-阳原盆地古湖岸线遗迹的分析,阐述第四纪古泥河湾湖的出现、发展和消亡,指出湖泊变迁是构造运动和气候变化等因素共同作用的结果,构造运动是主要因素。 相似文献
11.
近年来,随着柴达木盆地盐湖资源开发的规模和强度不断增加,环境负载也逐步加大。根据柴达木盆地自然环境特征,分析了盐湖区大气、土壤、水环境污染情况及影响污染物消纳能力的主要因素。采用大气自净能力指数(ASI)、水环境自净能力等级(M)和土壤自然消减能力(NAC)等指标,从大气、土壤、水环境等方面半定量和定量评价了柴达木盆地盐湖区环境污染消纳能力。结果表明柴达木盆地盐湖区内水环境自净能力的等级系数为1.34,水环境自净能力较弱;平均大气自净能力指数是3.85 t/(d·km2),大气环境自净能力一般;土壤自然消减能力平均值为0.639,土壤自净能力中等。总体来看,降水少、风尘大等因素导致柴达木盆地自然消纳能力较低,盐湖开发过程中必须高度重视生态环境保护。 相似文献
12.
B.P. Brooke R.W. Young E.A. Bryant C.V. Murray‐Wallace D.M. Price 《The Australian geographer》1994,25(2):178-185
This paper examines the composition, structure and age of clastic deposits situated behind shore platforms at Austinmer and Coledale on the northern Illawarra coast, New South Wales. Our results support earlier chronological evidence of a Pleistocene history for shore platforms along the Illawarra coast. The size and fabric of sediments within these deposits indicate rapid, high‐energy deposition of bedrock eroded from platforms adjacent to the deposits. The elevations of the deposits above the modern shoreline suggest higher sea levels or higher wave energy gradients than presently occurs across these platforms. Dating of sediments within these deposits using 14C, AAR and TL techniques indicates Late Pleistocene and Late Holocene erosion of the shore platforms. Platform development was initiated before the Last Interglacial as correlative sediments lie atop relict platform surfaces landward of the modern platforms. 相似文献
13.
察尔汗盐湖北侧沙丘沉积物颗粒微结构特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用扫描电镜对比分析了柴达木盆地察尔汗盐湖北侧线形沙丘和新月形沙丘沉积物颗粒的表面显微特征。结果表明：柴达木盆地察尔汗盐湖北侧线形沙丘和新月形沙丘沉积物石英颗粒表面具有明显的风成特征。颗粒以次棱角状为主,普遍发育典型的碟形撞击坑、麻坑和新月形撞击坑;察尔汗盐湖北侧沙丘沉积物以物理分解和机械搬运作用为主,化学风化作用较低,反映了当时干旱炎热的沉积环境;贝壳状断口、平行擦痕及V形坑的存在表明柴达木盆地沙丘沉积物前期曾受到冰川或流水的作用,推断出柴达木盆地周围高山的剥蚀产物或察尔汗盐湖的湖相沉积物可能是察尔汗盐湖北侧沙丘沉积物的来源之一。 相似文献
14.
柴达木盆地那棱格勒河流域是我国目前最大的盐湖型锂矿区和工业设施最为完备的卤水锂工业基地,长期以来关于其尾闾盐湖区锂的物源问题备受关注。尽管目前的众多研究已经对流域内地表水体及尾闾区盐湖中锂的物源有了较为一致的看法,但盆地周缘围岩风化过程在其中起到的作用仍缺乏系统性认识。基于部分保守性微量元素在物源示踪研究中的重要作用,本文通过对流域内河流表层沉积物中的REEY、Li、Sc、Co、Nb、Ta、Th等微量元素开展其地球化学行为方面的分析,讨论了沉积物的物源属性特征及其中锂的来源特征,为深入认识盐湖区游离态锂资源的物源提供了新的证据。结果表明,那棱格勒河流域与毗邻的东、西对比区河流沉积物有着相似的化学风化背景和基岩类型,源岩具有显著的长英质岩和基性岩的二元混合特征,且基性源岩所占比重更大;而沉积物中的锂除尾闾盐湖区明显受到富锂孔隙水体夹带的影响外,其它地区锂的来源特征与沉积物的物源特征相同,表明地表迁移过程对介质中锂的通量影响较弱,沉积物中的锂更多的是以赋存在相关矿物结构中的形式存在;研究区来自源岩风化作用提供的游离态锂的量较为有限,尾闾盐湖中的锂资源主要以昆仑山深大断裂带涌出的热泉水的长年补给为主。 相似文献
15.
柴达木盆地中部与西南部古沙丘的光释光年代学研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
青藏高原东北部的柴达木盆地广泛分布着风成沉积,其中古沙丘主要分布在盆地东部、中部三湖区和西南缘。柴达木盆地中部和西南部两处古沙丘集中分布区靠近柴达木盆地盐湖区,与盐湖的演化有着密不可分的联系,但是这些古沙丘的形成时代至今没有具体研究。本文应用光释光定年的单片再生剂量法对这两个区域典型的古沙丘进行了风成砂沉积年代测定。结果显示研究区古沙丘的堆积开始于约4~3 ka,并延续至0.5 ka之后被固定,其形成与柴达木盆地晚全新世气候的干旱和盆地内湖泊退缩引起的砂源增加有关;古沙丘下伏的河流相沉积物形成于末次冰消期（12.6±0.8 ka）。古沙丘的固定事件对应青藏高原东北部的冰川前进期,冰川前进期的低温条件可以引起盆地内蒸发量下降和有效湿度相对增加,从而促使植被条件改善并最终使沙丘固定。 相似文献
16.
17.
昆特依盐湖是柴达木盆地盐湖演化和古气候研究的重要对象。前人对昆特依盐湖钻孔的年代学和地球化学组成特征开展过一些研究,但由于采样间距大,限制了对成盐演化过程的深入理解。而且,目前关于昆特依盐湖磁化率特征的研究未见报道。本文对昆特依盐湖ZK1402钻孔(35 m深)的14C年代和磁化率进行了初步研究。结果表明：(1)钻孔由含盐碎屑层和盐层的互层所组成。钻孔的低频磁化率和高频磁化率的变化极为相似。盐层的低频磁化率值低,含盐碎屑层的低频磁化率值高。低频磁化率清晰地记录到古盐湖经历了四次显著的成盐期。(2)低频磁化率和频率磁化率(百分比形式)呈负相关关系。(3)钻孔24.8 m深处的加速器质谱(AMS)14C校正年代为31780 ± 442 cal a BP,33.0 m深处的年代(19259 ± 207 cal a BP)出现倒转,表明钻孔下部的14C年龄可能受到现代碳污染而接近饱和。 相似文献
18.
大柴旦盐湖因蕴藏固体和液体硼矿资源成为柴达木盆地诸多盐湖中最早被关注和开发的盐湖之一;不仅如此,还沉积有全球少有分布的湖底特色柱硼镁石矿床。基于大柴旦盐湖硼矿床的地质特征和硼同位素地球化学特征,与国内外不同硼矿床开展对比研究,旨在探讨主控硼矿床形成的影响因素及其异同点。研究发现,大柴旦盐湖硼矿床与国内外硼矿床的形成均受控于新构造运动、封闭—半封闭的低洼汇水盆地以及极度干旱的气候条件等因素,所有硼矿床均与火山岩或含电气石花岗岩有密切关联,成矿物质特别是硼元素主要来源于火山岩或含电气石花岗岩,经热泉水、温泉水和大气降水的水岩作用后迁移富集。主控因子化学组分或盐湖水化学特性的不同致使硼矿物的种类和矿物共生组合特征等方面表现出一定的差异性。 相似文献
19.
Yu-Xin Fan Fa-Hu Chen Guo-Xiao Wei David B. Madsen Charles G. Oviatt Hui Zhao Xi Chun Li-Ping Yang Tian-Lai Fan Guo-Qiang Li 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2010,43(3):577-587
Lake Jilantai-Hetao, a megalake, was formed some time before 60–50 ka, along the Great North Bend of the Yellow River. The
basin is now dry, with most of the area covered by aeolian sand. We are investigating this profound hydrologic change using
a number of research approaches. Paleoshorelines of this megalake are best preserved in the Jilantai area in the southwestern
portion of the megalake basin. We collected aquatic mollusk shells from littoral sediments at different altitudes around Jilantai
and measured their strontium isotope compositions. 87Sr/86Sr ratios in shell carbonates are different between the high lake phase (~1,080–1,050 m altitude) and the low lake phase (~1,044–1,030 m
altitude), with a small shift in average strontium ratios to more radiogenic values during the low lake phase. Based on regional
hydrology and physical geography, we conclude that water from the Yellow River was the dominant water source supplying this
megalake. 87Sr/86Sr ratios of modern water samples suggest the Yellow River was the dominant water source during the high lake phase, but that
the relative contribution of Yellow River water to the megalake was reduced, and that the relative contributions of local
precipitation and groundwater increased, during the low lake phase. 相似文献
20.
Sidney Kuerten Mauro Parolin Mario L. Assine Michael M. McGlue 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2013,49(2):171-183
Sponge spicules are siliceous microfossils that are especially useful for analysis of sandy fluvio-lacustrine sediments. Sponge spicules in a long sediment core (~550 cm below surface), consisting of fine sand, sandy silt, and organic-rich mud, recovered from the floodplain of the Nabileque River, southern Pantanal, Brazil (S20°16′38.3″/W57°33′00.0″), form the basis of a novel paleoenvironmental interpretation for this region. Optically stimulated luminescence dates constrain the timing of deposition to the middle-late Holocene and all spicules identified are typical of the Brazilian cerrado biome. The base of the section is dominated by Oncosclera navicella Carter 1881, Metania spinata Carter 1881, and Corvospongilla seckti Bonetto and Ezcurra de Drago 1966, which indicate a lotic to semi-lotic environment strongly influenced by an actively meandering river channel at ~6.7–5.7 ka BP. The appearance of Heterorotula fistula Volkmer-Ribeiro and Motta 1995, Dosilia pydanieli Volkmer-Ribeiro 1992 and Radiospongilla amazonensis Volkmer-Ribeiro and Maciel 1983 at ~340 cm downcore suggests a reduction in flowing water and a more stable lentic environment, consistent with deposition in an oxbow lake. This oxbow lake environment existed during an interval of regional aridity between ~4.5 and 3.9 ka BP. Spicules, as well as phytoliths and diatoms, are highly variable moving up-section, with species from both lotic and lentic ecosystems present. Above ~193 cm, the total abundance of spicules declines, consistent with wetter climate conditions and development of an underfit river similar to the modern floodplain. Results support hypotheses related to migration of the Paraguay River inferred from geomorphological studies and add a key southern-region dataset to the emerging Holocene database of paleoenvironmental records from the Pantanal wetlands. 相似文献