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1.
通过对２０００年版Ｖｅｒｏｎ类星体星表和ＮＶＳＳ巡天数据进行交叉证认,得到了３０１颗新发现有射电辐射的类星体,计算了射电类星体的射电谱指数、射电光度、偏振度等物理量并进行了统计分析,讨论了射电类星体所理比例随红移和绝对星等的分布,以及夺度随红移的演化关系。结果发现,强射电类星体在所有类星体中所占的比例Ｆ（ＲＬＱ）随着ＭＢ的增加而增大,随红移的演化是ｚ＝０．０到ｚ＝０．８逐渐上升,在ｚ＝１．５附近开  相似文献   

2.
根据红移定义１＋ｚ＝λｉ／λ０ｉ，我们认为类星体红移分布ｌｎ（１＋ｚ）周期性受两个因素影响。首先，决定类星体红移的主要线（如Ｌα１２１６，ＣＩＶ１５４９，ＣＩＩＩ１９０９，ＭｇＩＩ２７９８，ＮｅＶ３４２６，ＯＩＩ３７２７，ＮｅＩＩＩ３８６８，Ｈγ４３４０，Ｈβ４８６１，ＯＩＩＩ５００７）固有波长可能构成０．２０５的周期性；另外，这些谱线的观测波长进入一定光学窗口对红移有一定限制，在一定条件下，它正好在某些红移出现峰值，并与ｌｎ（１＋ｚ）＝０．２０５预言峰值一致。我们还在这两个基本考虑下进行模拟取样，发现有明显周期性，定量上证实了我们的基本考虑。本文是类星体红移分布的一种解释，它能说明为什么统计分布不同样品能得到不同的结论。进而，我们认为红移分布周期性不能成为内禀红移观点的观测支持。  相似文献   

3.
收集了142个射电类星体(28个射电宁静类星体、114个射电噪类星体)、43个核占优型射电类星体、82个瓣占优型射电类星体和80个Seyfert星系的样本,基于Logistic非线性回归分析的方法对红移和热光度、黑洞质量、5 GHz射电光度、爱丁顿吸积率、核主导参数R的关系进行研究,拟合出相应的演化曲线,得到如下结论:(1)射电类星体的演化是从射电噪类星体(RLQ)演化到射电宁静类星体(RQQ),当演化到一定阶段射电类星体过渡到Seyfert星系;(2)核占优型射电类星体(CDQ)和瓣占优型射电类星体(LDQ)之间并没有明显的随红移演化.  相似文献   

4.
对光学选类星体在更高精度和更宽波段ＡＳＣＡＳＩＳ探测器观测谱中进行了分析．在所使用的X2拟合统计中,有单幂律、双幂律和有能量截止幂律三种形式．发现在８个源的样本中,其中四个源的０．４－１０ｋｅＶ能谱,具有软Ｘ过剩特征．初步发现,软Ｘ过剩的流量随类星体光度的增加,在相应波段中占总流量的比例逐渐降低．同时也注意到,类星体有无软Ｘ过剩与它的射电性质和光度高低无关．  相似文献   

5.
胡岳东  周又元 《天文学报》1995,36(2):120-126
本文对前人的类星体光学演化函数进行改进，使其适用于更大的红移范围，可达Ｚ＝３以上。其物理考虑是：一方面包括核心黑洞质量和吸积率变化而引起光度演化；另一方面在高红移时类星体诞生所引起的密度演化，并且这种演化率与光度有关。这种型式更利于与类星体演化的动力学模型相衔接。新的演化函数通过三种检验来决定，即（１）类星体直到ｍ＝２２＾ｍ．０的星等计数，（２）以ΔＺ＝０．１为间隔的红移分布，（３）Ｚ〉２的类星体  相似文献   

6.
对光学选类星体在更高精度和更宽波段ＡＳＣＡ ＳＩＳ探测器观测谱中进行了分析。在所使用的χ＾２拟合统计中,有单幂律、双幂律和有能量截止幂律三种形式。发现在８个源的样本中,其中四个源的０．４－１０ｋｅＶ能谱,具有软Ｘ过剩特征。初步发现,软Ｘ过剩的流量随类星体光度的中,在相应波段中占总流量的比例逐渐降低。同时也注意到,类星体有无软Ｘ过剩与它的射电性质和光度高低无关。  相似文献   

7.
类星体的光度函数   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
主要讨论了光学选类星体的光度函数有其演化的达几年中的进展，目前在小红移范围已取得比较一致的结论，对ｚ〉２．２，由于类星样品的限制，对类星体光度函数的演化还存在着很大的分岐，在文中还比较了类星体光学，射电，Ｘ射线的光度函数的性质。  相似文献   

8.
本文是系列文章的第二篇,我们在文(1)建立的均匀无偏的CIV吸收线样本的基础上,对该样本进行了统计检验和分析,结果支持成协系统的出现频率比非成协系统有明显的过超.而这种过超现象几乎和类星体的射电性质无关.但不同射电性质的类星体成协吸收出现频率随z_(em)的变化不尽相同.这种随z_(em)的变化可能反映了各种类星体,特别是射电类星体与环境相互作用的演化效应.但我们的样本中高红移射电类星体较少,因此非常需要获得更大的高红移射电类星体样本,以检验我们的结果.  相似文献   

9.
本文对前人的类星体光学演化函数进行改进，使其适用于更大的红移范围，可达Ｚ＝３以上。其物理考虑是：一方面包括核心黑洞质量和吸积率变化而引起光度演化；另一方面在高红移时类星体诞生所引起的密度演化，并且这种演化率与光度有关。这种型式更利于与类星体演化的动力学模型相衔接。新的演化函数通过三种检验来决定，即（１）类星体直到ｍ＝２２ｍ．０的星等计数，（２）以ΔＺ＝０．１为间隔的红移分布，（３）Ｚ＞２的类星体的星等计数。在适当的光学演化参数和诞生参数下，我们的演化函数与上述三项观测对比相当好，理论预言在观测误差之内。特别要强调的是改善了其它演化函数理论预言在Ｚ＞２普遍过剩的行为，因此这个演化函数可作为类星体演化动力学模型的依据之一。  相似文献   

10.
利用ＲＯＳＡＴ－ＶＬＡ方法筛选，从ＲＯＳＡＴＸ射线源中选出了１９个新ＢＬＬａｃ天体和类星体的候选体，在１９９４年至１９９６年１月期间，利用北京天台２．１６ｍ望远镜对其中１６个进行光谱证认，发现了７个新的Ｘ选ＢＬＬａｃ天体及一个类星体，类星体的红外移值为：Ｚ＝０．３３１±０．００１５。  相似文献   

11.
The large-scale angular distribution of quasars from a complete sample of extragalactic radio sources is examined at different redshifts. The sample contains 264 quasars which have been found so far among the complete sample of 518 radio sources stronger than. 1 Jy at 5 GHz. Of these, 19 quasars have redshift z > 2. Dividing the entire sky into three separate declination zones of equal area, the counts of quasars seem to indicate a deficit of high redshift quasars in the northernmost declination zone. On the other hand, the Iow-redshift quasars (z < 1) appear fairly uniformly distributed. We discuss some possible selection effects that might have led to the apparent anomaly at high redshifts and estimate the expected number of high-redshift quasars amongst the radio sources in the sample for which redshifts are presently not available.  相似文献   

12.
We report the discovery of two radio-loud quasars with redshifts greater than 4: GB1428+4217, with z =4.72, and GB1713+2148 with z =4.01. This doubles the number of published radio-selected quasars with z >4, bringing the total to 4. GB1428+4217 is the third most distant quasar known and the highest redshift radio and X-ray source currently known. It has a radio flux density at 5 GHz of 259±31 mJy and an optical magnitude of R ∼20.9. The rest frame absolute UV magnitude, Mv (1450 Å), is −26.7, similar to that of the archetypal radio-selected quasar 3C273 [ z =0.158; Mv (1450 Å)=−26.4]. GB1428+4217 is tentatively detected in ROSAT PSPC observations, which has been confirmed by more recent ROSAT observations described in a companion paper by Fabian et al. Both quasars were discovered during the CCD imaging phase of an investigation into the evolution of the space density of radio-loud quasars at high redshift. Combined with our earlier survey results, these objects give a lower limit on the space density of quasars with radio power P 5 GHz>5.8×1026 W Hz−1 sr−1 between z =4 and z =5 of 1.4±0.9×10−10 Mpc−3. This can be compared to 2.9±0.2×10−10 Mpc−3 at z =2 from Dunlop & Peacock for flat-spectrum sources of the same luminosity.  相似文献   

13.
We present spectroscopic observations of a sample of faint gigahertz peaked‐spectrum (GPS) radio sources drawn from the Westerbork Northern Sky Survey (WENSS). Redshifts have been determined for 19 (40 per cent) of the objects. The optical spectra of the GPS sources identified with low‐redshift galaxies show deep stellar absorption features. This confirms previous suggestions that their optical light is not significantly contaminated by active galactic nucleus-related emission, but is dominated by a population of old (>9 Gyr) and metal-rich (>0.2 [Fe/H]) stars, justifying the use of these (probably) young radio sources as probes of galaxy evolution. The optical spectra of GPS sources identified with quasars are indistinguishable from those of flat-spectrum quasars, and clearly different from the spectra of compact steep‐spectrum (CSS) quasars. The redshift distribution of the GPS quasars in our radio-faint sample is comparable to that of the bright samples presented in the literature, peaking at z ∼2–3. It is unlikely that a significant population of low-redshift GPS quasars is missed as a result of selection effects in our sample. We therefore claim that there is a genuine difference between the redshift distributions of GPS galaxies and quasars, which, because it is present in both the radio-faint and bright samples, cannot be caused by a redshift–luminosity degeneracy. It is therefore unlikely that the GPS quasars and galaxies are unified by orientation, unless the quasar opening angle is a strong function of redshift. We suggest that the GPS quasars and galaxies are unrelated populations and just happen to have identical observed radio spectral properties, and hypothesize that GPS quasars are a subclass of flat-spectrum quasars.  相似文献   

14.
We present some results based on optical photometry of an unbiased subsample of 64 sources, from a sample of radio quasars 80 per cent complete. The quasars (z=0.4-2.8) show approximately a similar spectral energy distribution (SED). Only two quasars appear clearly differenciated, exhibiting redder colours than the rest, and they have low or moderate redshifts (z=0.50 and 1.12). Composite broad-band spectra for the remaining 62 quasars reveal the presence of a break in the SED at ∼ 3000 Å, where the average slope α (defined by Sν ∝ να) changes from αblue=0.11±0.16 at λ>3000 Å to αUV=-0.66±0.15 at λ<3000 Å. Composite spectra from a low and a high redshift subsample, with the redshift separation at the median value z=1.2, yields αUV=-0.87±0.20, for z<1.2 and αUV=-0.48±0.12 for z>1.2 and the difference is 98 per cent significant. This trend could be intrinsic or could arise from a dependence between αUV and the blue/UV luminosity, since the three quantities αUV - Lblue/UV - z are correlated. Finally, an intrinsic correlation is found between blue/UV and radio luminosity. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

15.
We investigate the MBH-O'.relation for radio-loud quasars with redshift z＜0.83 in Data Release 3 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS).The sample consists of 3772 quasars with better models of the H/~ and [O III] lines and available radio luminosity,including 306 radio-loud quasars,3466 radio-quiet quasars with measured radio luminosity or upper-limit of radio luminosity (181 radio-quiet quasars with measured radio luminosity).The virial supermassive black hole mass (MBH) is calculated from the broad H/line,and the host stellar velocity dispersion (σ*) is traced by the core [O III] gaseous velocity dispersion.The radio luminosity and radio loudness are derived from the FIRST catalog.Our results are as follows:(1) For radio-quiet quasars,we confirm that there is no obvious deviation from the MBH-O".relation defined for inactive galaxies when the uncertainties in MBH and the luminosity bias are concerned.(2) We find that the radio-loud quasars deviate more from the MBH-σ.relation than do the radio-quiet quasars.This deviation is only partly due to a possible cosmological evolution of the MBH-σ* relation and the luminosity bias.(3) The radioluminosity is proportional to M128 0.23-0.16 BH(LBol/LEdd)1.29 0.31-0.24 for radio-quiet quasars and to M3.10 0.6.-0.70(LBol.LEdd)4.18 1.40-1.10 for radio-loud quasars.The weaker dependence of the radio luminosity on the mass and the Eddington ratio for radio-loud quasars shows that other physical effects would account for their radio luminosities,such as the spin of the black hole.  相似文献   

16.
This Letter presents infrared spectra taken with the newly commissioned near-infrared spectrometer (NIRSPEC) on the Keck II telescope of the high-redshift radio galaxy MRC 2025-218 (z=2.63). These observations represent the deepest infrared spectra of a radio galaxy to date and have allowed for the detection of Hbeta, [O iii] lambdalambda4959, 5007, [O i] lambda6300, Halpha, [N ii] lambdalambda6548, 6583, and [S ii] lambdalambda6716, 6713. The Halpha emission is very broad (FWHM=9300 km s-1) and luminous (2.6x1044 ergs s-1), and it is very comparable to the line widths and strengths of radio-loud quasars at the same redshift. This strongly supports active galactic nucleus unification models linking radio galaxies and quasars, although we discuss some of the outstanding differences. The line [O iii] lambda5007 is extremely strong and has extended emission with large relative velocities toward the nucleus. We also derive that if the extended emission is due to star formation, each knot has a star formation rate comparable to a Lyman-break galaxy at the same redshift.  相似文献   

17.
We present JHKL ' photometry of a complete sample of steep-spectrum radio-loud quasars from the revised 3CR catalogue in the redshift range 0.65 z <1.20. After correcting for contributions from emission lines and the host galaxies, we investigate their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) around 1 μm. About 75 per cent of the quasars are tightly grouped in the plane of optical spectral index, α opt, versus near-infrared spectral index, α IR, with the median value of α opt close to the canonical value, and the median α IR slightly flatter. We conclude that the fraction of moderately obscured, red quasars decreases with increasing radio power, in accordance with the 'receding torus' model which can also explain the relatively flat median near-infrared spectra of the 3CR quasars. Two of the red quasars have inverted infrared spectral indices, and we suggest that their unusual SEDs might result from a combination of dust-scattered and transmitted quasar light.  相似文献   

18.
We present the spectra, positions, and finding charts for 31 bright ( R <19.3) colour-selected quasars covering the redshift range z =3.85–4.78, with four having redshifts z >4.5. The majority are in the southern sky ( δ <−25°). The quasar candidates were selected for their red ( B J− R ≳2.5) colours from UK or POSSII Schmidt Plates scanned at the Automated Plate Measuring (APM) facility in Cambridge. Low-resolution (≳ 10 Å) spectra were obtained to identify the quasars, primarily at the Las Campanas Observatory. The highest redshift quasar in our survey is at z ≈4.8 ( R =18.7) and its spectrum shows a damped Ly α absorption system at z =4.46. This is currently the highest redshift damped Ly α absorber detected. Five of these quasars exhibit intrinsic broad absorption line features. Combined with the previously published results from the first part of the APM United Kingdom Schmidt Telescope (UKST) survey we have now surveyed a total of ∼8000 deg2 of sky i.e. 40 per cent of the high galactic latitude (| b |>30°) sky, resulting in 59 optically selected quasars in the redshift range 3.85 to 4.78; 49 of which have z ≥4.00.  相似文献   

19.
We discuss the relative merits of mid-infrared and X-ray selection of type 2 quasars. We describe the mid-infrared, near-infrared and radio selection criteria used to find a population of redshift   z ∼ 2  type 2 quasars which we previously argued suggests that most supermassive black hole growth in the Universe is obscured. We present the optical spectra obtained from the William Herschel Telescope, and we compare the narrow emission-line luminosity, radio luminosity and maximum size of jets to those of objects from radio-selected samples. This analysis suggests that these are genuine radio-quiet type 2 quasars, albeit the radio-bright end of this population. We also discuss the possibility of two different types of quasar obscuration, which could explain how the ∼2–3:1 ratio of type 2 to type 1 quasars preferred by modelling our population can be reconciled with the ∼1:1 ratio predicted by unified schemes.  相似文献   

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