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1.
中国西北大气沙尘对地气系统和大气辐射加热的影响 总被引：18，自引：8，他引：10
利用ＨＥＩＦＥ地面辐射平衡观测资料以及ＮＯＡＡ１１／ＡＶＨＲＲ卫星测量资料,三算我国西北大气沙尘对地－气系统和大所中辐向 热率的影响。１９９１年２月下旬－５月中旬１１天的计算表明,春季大气沙尘的辐身躯效应与地表状况有关;在高地表反照率的沙漠上空,大气沙尘的短波辐射效应为减小行星反照率增暖气－气系统,同时吸收太阳辐射增暖大气大气顶射出长波辐射对大气沙尘的变化并不敏感,但大气尘尘增加大气的长波冷却;在 相似文献
2.
青藏高原OLR的气候特征及其对北半球大气环流的影响 总被引：3，自引：5，他引：3
利用１９７４－１９９０年青藏高原地区地－气系统月平均射出长波辐射资料，采用ＥＯＦ方法分析了前３个特征向量场，得到了青藏高原地区地－气系统射出长波辐射的几种异常形式，阐述了它们的天气气候特征，并对不同气候区的持续 及其与北半球大气环流的关系作了研究。 相似文献
3.
青藏高原地区大气顶净辐射与地表净辐射的关系 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
地表净辐射为地气系统净辐射与大气层净辐射之差。对大气层净辐射作不同的假定，可将地表净辐射与大气顶辐射收支之间的关系表示成不同的形式。本文利用１９８２年８月—１９８３年７月青藏高原地区地面辐射收支观测资料及同期ＮＯＡＡ－７辐射收支资料，用统计方法讨论了大气顶净辐射与地表净辐射之间的相关性，建立了两者之间的回归方程，并在此基础上分析了青藏高原地区月平均地表净辐射的时空分布特征。 相似文献
4.
利用国家气候中心气候诊断资料和美国ＣＡＣ和澳大利亚ＮＣＣ资料，对１９９５年热带太平洋海域的海平面高度，南方涛动指数、高、低层纬向风，射出长波辐射，海温等物理量的分布及其演特征进行分析，为短期气候预测提供了大尺度的海－气环境背景。 相似文献
5.
青藏高原地气系统云辐射强迫的气候学特征 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
利用ＥＲＢＥ－Ｓ４和ＩＳＣＣＰ－Ｃ２月平均资料着重分析了青藏高原这一特殊气候区域地气系统云辐射强拓的气候学特征，分析结果表明，冬，夏季云对气系统辐射强迫的场分布形势有明显的差异，对于地气系统长波辐射，冬季高原主体云强迫高值区，夏季云强迫空间变化平缓，高原主体平均云的温室效应春季最大，秋季最小，云使地气系统射出长波辐射年平均减少４５．６Ｗ／ｍ＾２对于地气系统短波辐射，冬季高原地区云强迫相对高值区，夏 相似文献
6.
利用国家气候中心气候诊断资料和美国ＣＡＣ和澳大利亚ＮＣＣ资料，对１９９５年热带太平洋海域的海平面高度，南方涛动指数，高、低层纬向风，射出长波辐射，海温等物理量的分布及其演变特征进行了分析，为短期气候预测提供了大尺度的海－气环境背景。 相似文献
7.
１９９０年以来，美国国家海洋大气局（ＮＯＡＡ），国家环境卫星资料和信息服务中心（ＮＥＳＤＩＳ）一直利用改进的甚高分辨率辐射仪（ＡＶＨＲＲ）多个红外通道数据和非线性算法，提供卫星海面温度（ＳＳＴ）资料，该文从辐射传输方程入手来描述线笥及非线性ＳＳＴ算法，阐明非线性算法比线性算法精确，并介绍了目前美国在这方面工作的进展。 相似文献
8.
利用卫星可见通道反演整层大气气溶胶光学厚度 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文提出了一种基于大气辐射传输方程，利用ＮＯＡＡ－１４极轨卫星甚高分辨率辐射计见光单通道反射率资料，运用低光谱分辨率大气辐射传输模式程序反演晴空和上、均匀下垫面上的气象能见度和大气气溶胶光学厚度的算法。 相似文献
9.
根据美国ＮＯＡＡ极轨卫星观测得到的射出长波辐射资料（Ｏｕｔｇｉｏｇｎ Ｌｏｎｇｗａｖｅ Ｒａｄｉａｔｉｏｎ,简称ＯＬＲ）分析了西藏高原及其附近地区各月的辐射气候特征,指出：高原冬季ＯＬＲ为低值区,与降水对应关系较差,主要反映了高原冬季气温低,为冷源;高原夏季为雨季,多阴雨天气,ＯＬＲ值也较小,且高原夏季降水与ＯＬＲ存在较好的反相关。ＯＬＲ的演变特征反映了北半球大气环流调整,同时也反映了高原热力特征 相似文献
10.
11.
The sounding data of meteorological satellites provide not only the real time weather information about the distribution of both cloud and rainfall,but also some others about the movement and state of atmosphere.They are important variables and parameters for NWP model used to simulate and predict atmospheric state.In order to introduce remote sensing information from satellites into NWP model,there is an efficient way of establishing an RT model by use of the atmosphere radiation sounding data of meteorological satellites to get the variables and parameters valuable to NWP model.In this paper,we set up profiles of air temperature and water vapor from the surface to upper (0.1 hPa) using the radiosounding data and the surface data from May to August 1998 atmosphere East Asia.A TOVS RT model (RTTOV5) is provided to compute the value of radiation value of HIRS channels in NOAA14.Then the radiation values of 19 HIRS channels are gotten.After matching these data computed by the RT model and the corresponding values coming from satellite sounding in time,the statistic distribution of bias between tile model output and the satellite sounding at each sounding channel can be gotten.At the same time.the distribution of RMS to every TOVS HIRS channel,the standard biases to different scanning angle to each channel are also obtained. 相似文献
12.
Satellite Data Assimilation of Upper-Level Sounding Channels in HWRF with Two Different Model Tops 
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下载免费PDF全文 ZOU Xiaolei WENG Fuzhong Vijay TALLAPRAGADA LIN Lin ZHANG Banglin WU Chenfeng QIN Zhengkun 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2015,29(1):1-27
The Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A(AMSU-A) onboard the NOAA satellites NOAA-18 and NOAA-19 and the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites(EUMETSAT)Met Op-A, the hyperspectral Atmospheric Infrared Sounder(AIRS) onboard Aqua, the High resolution Infra Red Sounder(HIRS) onboard NOAA-19 and Met Op-A, and the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder(ATMS) onboard Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership(NPP) satellite provide upper-level sounding channels in tropical cyclone environments. Assimilation of these upper-level sounding channels data in the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting(HWRF) system with two different model tops is investigated for the tropical storms Debby and Beryl and hurricanes Sandy and Isaac that occurred in 2012. It is shown that the HWRF system with a higher model top allows more upper-level microwave and infrared sounding channels data to be assimilated into HWRF due to a more accurate upper-level background profile. The track and intensity forecasts produced by the HWRF data assimilation and forecast system with a higher model top are more accurate than those with a lower model top. 相似文献
13.
The sounding data of meteorological satellites provide not only the real time weatherinformation about the distribution of both cloud and rainfall,but also some others about themovement and state of atmosphere.They are important variables and parameters for NWP modelused to simulate and predict atmospheric state.In order to introduce remote sensing informationfrom satellites into NWP model,there is an efficient way of establishing an RT model by use of theatmosphere radiation sounding data of meteorological satellites to get the variables and parametersvaluable to NWP model.In this paper,we set up profiles of air temperature and water vapor fromthe surface to upper (0.1 hPa) using the radiosounding data and the surface data from May toAugust 1998 atmosphere East Asia.A TOVS RT model (RTTOV5) is provided to compute thevalue of radiation value of HIRS channels in NOAA14.Then the radiation values of 19 HIRSchannels are gotten.After matching these data computed by the RT model and the correspondingvalues coming from satellite sounding in time,the statistic distribution of bias between tile modeloutput and the satellite sounding at each sounding channel can be gotten.At the same time.thedistribution of RMS to every TOVS HIRS channel,the standard biases to different scanning angleto each channel are also obtained. 相似文献
14.
A modified Becker’s split-window approach for retrieving land surface temperature from AVHRR and VIRR 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 In order to provide a long time-series,high spatial resolution,and high accuracy dataset of land surface temperature(LST) for climatic change research,a modified Becker and Li’s split-window approach is proposed in this paper to retrieve LST from the measurements of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer(AVHRR) onboard National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA)-7 to-18 and the Visible and InfraRed Radiometer(VIRR) onboard FY-3A.For this purpose,the Moderate Resolution Transmittance Model(MODTRAN) 4.1 was first employed to compute the spectral radiance at the top of atmosphere(TOA) under a variety of surface and atmosphere conditions.Then,a temperature dataset consists of boundary temperature T s(which is one of the input parameters to MODTRAN),and channels 4 and 5 brightness temperatures(T 4 and T 5) were constructed.Note that channels 4 and 5 brightness temperatures were simulated from the MODTRAN output spectral radiance by convolving them with the spectral response functions(SRFs) of channels 4 and 5 of AVHRRs and VIRR.The coefficients of modified Becker and Li’s split-window approach for various AVHRRs and VIRR were subsequently regressed based on this temperature dataset using the least square method.As an example of validation,one AVHRR satellite image over Beijing acquired at 0312 UTC 27 April 2008 by AVHRR onboard NOAA-17 was selected to retrieve the LST image using the modified Becker and Li’s approach.The comparison between this LST image and that from the MODIS level-2 LST product provided by the University of Tokyo in Japan indicates that the correlation coefficient is 0.88,the bias is 0.6 K,and the root mean square deviation(RMSD) is 2.1 K.Furthermore,about 70% and 37% pixels in the LST difference image,which is the result of retrieved LST image from AVHRR minus the corresponding MODIS LST image,have the values within ± 2 and ± 1 K,respectively. 相似文献
15.
A ‘model-to-radiance’ comparison of simulated brightness temperatures from the Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model 2 with measurements from the High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder/4 (HIRS/4) instrument onboard the MetOp-A satellite is presented. For the all-sky, the model overestimates brightness temperatures in the atmospheric window region with the greatest biases over areas associated with deep convective cloud. In contrast to many global climate models, much smaller clear-sky biases are found indicating that model clouds are the dominating source of error. Simulated values in upper atmospheric CO2 channels approximate observations better as a result of compensating cold biases at the poles and warm biases at lower latitudes, due to a poor representation of the Brewer Dobson circulation in the 38 level ‘low-top’ configuration of the model. Simulated all and clear-sky outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) evaluated against the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) and HIRS OLR products reveal good agreement, in part due to cancellation of positive and negative biases. Through physical arguments relating to the spectral energy balance within a cloud, it is suggested that broadband agreement could be the result of a balance between positive window biases and unseen negative biases originating from the water vapour rotational band in the far infrared (not sampled by HIRS). 相似文献
16.
A Modified Becker''s Split-Window Approach for Retrieving Land Surface Temperature from AVHRR and VIRR 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 QUAN Weijun CHEN Hongbin HAN Xiuzhen LIU Yonghong YE Caihua 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2012,26(2):229-240
In order to provide a long time-series, high spatial resolution, and high accuracy dataset of land surface
temperature (LST) for climatic change research, a modified Becker and Li's split-window approach is pro-
posed in this paper to retrieve LST from the measurements of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer
(AVHRR) onboard National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-7 to -18 and the Visible and
InfraRed Radiometer (VIRR) onboard FY-3A. For this purpose, the Moderate Resolution Transmittance
Model (MODTRAN) 4.1 was first employed to compute the spectral radiance at the top of atmosphere
(TOA) under a variety of surface and atmosphere conditions. Then, a temperature dataset consists of
boundary temperature Ts (which is one of the input parameters to MODTRAN), and channels 4 and 5
brightness temperatures (T4 and T5) were constructed. Note that channels 4 and 5 brightness tempera-
tures were simulated from the MODTRAN output spectral radiance by convolving them with the spectral
response functions (SRFs) of channels 4 and 5 of AVHRRs and VIRR. The coefficients of modified Becker
and Li's split-window approach for various AVHRRs and VIRR were subsequently regressed based on this
temperature dataset using the least square method. As an example of validation, one AVHRR satellite image
over Beijing acquired at 0312 UTC 27 April 2008 by AVHRR onboard NOAA-17 was selected to retrieve
the LST image using the modified Becker and Li's approach. The comparison between this LST image and
that from the MODIS level-2 LST product provided by the University of Tokyo in Japan indicates that
the correlation coefficient is 0.88, the bias is 0.6 K, and the root mean square deviation (RMSD) is 2.1 K.
Furthermore, about 70% and 37% pixels in the LST difference image, which is the result of retrieved LST
image from AVHRR minus the corresponding MODIS LST image, have the values within ±2 and ±1 K,
respectively. 相似文献
17.
Summary The effect of clouds on longwave radiation budget at the top and base of the atmosphere is studied by using the HIRS2/MSU-retrieved temperature and humidity fields, and cloud fields and the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project-produced fields. Detailed studies are carried out at four selected sites: one at Equatorial Eastern Pacific (ITCZ) area, one at Libyan Desert (Libya), one at Ottawa, Montreal (Ottawa), and one at central Europe (Europe). The monthly mean differences in outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) (the ISCCP-based OLR minus the HIRS2-based OLR), ranging from –2.8 Wm–2 at ITCZ to –15.4 Wm–2 at Ottawa, are less than the monthly mean differences in surface downward flux, ranging from –2.7 Wm–2 at Libya to 40.6 Wm–2 at the ITCZ. The large differences in surface downward flux are mainly due to large differences in cloud amount and moisture in the low levels of the atmosphere.Monthly mean OLR and surface downward flux can be derived either (1) from instantaneous temperature, humidity, and cloud fields over a month period or (2) from monthly mean temperature, humidity, and cloud fields. The monthly mean OLR and surface downward flux derived from the first approach is compared with the second. The differences in OLR are small, ranging from –0.05 Wm–2 to 6.2 Wm–2, and the differences in surface downward flux is also small, ranging from 0.4 Wm–2 to 6.4 Wm–2.List of Acronyms AVHRR
Advanced Very High Resolution radiometer
- ERB
Earth Radiation Budget
- ERBE
Earth Radiation Budget Experiment
- FGGE
First Global GARP Experiment
- GARP
Global Atmospheric Research Program
- GCM
General Circulation Model
- GISS
Goddard Institute for Space Studies
- GLA
Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheres
- GMS
Geostationary Meteorological Satellite
- GOES
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite
- HIRS2
High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder/2
- ISCCP
International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project
- IR
Infrared
- MSU
Microwave Sounding Unit
- NFOV
Narrow Field of View
- NOAA
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
- NESDIS
National Environmental Satellite Data Information Service
- TOVS
TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder
With 4 Figures 相似文献
18.
Seasonal and interannual variations of upper tropospheric water vapor band brightness temperature over the global monsoon regions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The upper-troposphere water vapor (UTWV) band brightness temperature (BT) dataset derived from the High-resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) channel 12 of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admini-stration (NOAA) polar satellites from 1979 to 1995 is used to analyze the seasonal and interannual variations for the global monsoon regions. Results show that (i) there are three major regions where the UTWV band BT varies significantly with season, i.e., South Asia, the western coastal South-North America tropical region and the low-lati-tude African region; (ii) UTWV band BT clearly reveals the water vapor temporal / spatial features as well as the at-mospheric circulation structure over the low-latitude during the monsoon onset; and (iii) there is a remarkable rela-tionship between the interannua] variation of the UTWV band BT over the monsoon regions and the sea surface tem-perature anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific. 相似文献
19.
Summary The air-sea interaction processes over the tropical Indian Ocean region are studied using sea surface temperature data from
the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer sensor onboard the NOAA series of satellites. The columnar water-vapour content,
low-level atmospheric humidity, precipitation, wind speed, and back radiation from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager on
board the U.S. Defense Meteorological Satellite Program are all examined for two contrasting monsoon years, namely 1987 (deficit
rainfall) and 1988 (excess rainfall). From these parameters the longwave radiative net flux at the sea surface and the ocean-air
moisture flux are derived for further analysis of the air-sea interaction in the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal, the south
China Sea and the southern Indian Ocean. An analysis of ten-day and monthly mean evaporation rates over the Arabian Sea and
Bay of Bengal shows that the evaporation was higher in these areas during the low rainfall year (1987) indicating little or
no influence of this parameter on the ensuing monsoon activity over the Indian subcontinent. On the other hand, the evaporation
in the southern Indian Ocean was higher during July and September 1988 when compared with the same months of 1987. The evaporation
rate over the south Indian Ocean and the low-level cross-equatorial moisture flux seem to play a major role on the ensuing
monsoon activity over India while the evaporation over the Arabian Sea is less important. Since we have only analysed one
deficit/ excess monsoon cycle the results presented here are of preliminary nature.
Received November 5, 1997 Revised March 20, 1998 相似文献