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1.
渤海及黄、东海近海区水温日变化特点分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
分析研究海水温度日变化的特点,对海况分析及了解海区水文基本特征具有重要的意义,特别是对水温日变化很显著的浅海区域更为重要.此外,从渔业意义上来看,了解水温日变化对鱼类昼夜分布和移动规律的影响亦极其重要[1,2]. 相似文献
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渤黄东海近海区海洋水温预报研究概况 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
一、海洋水温预报的意义开展海洋水温预报,对于加强海防建设,发展海洋渔业生产和开发利用海洋资源,都具有十分重要的意义。海洋水温预报的发展,不仅取决于科学技术上的可能性,而且取决于社会生产对海洋的需要。 1.海水温、盐度的分布和变化与鱼类的行动和分布密切相关,各种鱼类在不同生活时期都有各自的适温性和适盐性,生产实践证明,在不同水团的交汇区(流隔区),往往形成良 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1979,(1)
海水温度和盐度的变化与鱼类的行动和分布息息相关。当前在海洋渔业生产上广泛开展渔情预报工作,对发展海洋渔业生产,进行科学捕鱼作出了一定的贡献,而海水温、盐度的预报,往往是分析渔情,预测渔况和发布渔情预报的重要依据。本研究课题是直接为海洋渔业生产服务的,因而,我们主要选择渔汛期和渔场区进行了水温纵向预报试验。所谓纵向预报,这里是指多年同月水温序列的预报,借以同横向时间序列预报相区别。 相似文献
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在海水中养殖的莫桑比克罗非鱼(Oreochromis mossambicus),水温从20℃开始,以1℃/小时速度下降到10℃为终止温度时发现随着温度的逐渐下降,呼吸次数逐渐减少,水温降至14℃以下时,明显地表现出机能的衰竭。本文对与鱼类体温调节有关的血糖和乳酸的含量,在不同的温度梯度下进行了测定。并对以上两种供能物质的变动情况与呼吸机能衰竭的相互关系进行了分析和讨论。 相似文献
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根据闸坡、云澳、硇洲3个海洋站的表层海水温度观测资料，统计了3个站的多年月平均海水温度、极值水温及月平均水温分布规律；通过对月平均温度进行能谱分析，得出水温的变化具有显著的年周期；对旬平均温度进行能谱分析，得出水温变化还具有显著的2a周期和2．8个旬的周期变化。 相似文献
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在海水中养殖的莫桑比克罗非鱼（Vreochromis mossambicus),水温从20℃开始，以1℃／小时速度下降到10℃为终止温度时发现随着温度的逐渐下降，呼吸次数逐渐减少，水温降至14℃以下时，明显地表现出机能的衰竭。本文对与鱼类体温调节有关的血糖和乳酸的含量，在不同的温度梯度下进行了测定。并对以上两种供能物质的变动情况与呼吸机能衰竭的相互关系进行了分析和讨论。 相似文献
8.
大亚湾海水温度的时空分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文根据1987年1～12月逐月的水文实测资料,利用统计方法,详细地分析了大亚湾海水温度的时空分布和年、日变化特征以及影响水温变化的主要因子,文内还指出了本海域常见的两种不同类型的水温日变化的特征。 相似文献
9.
本文利用谱分析方法,分析了大亚湾浅海区海水温度的变化状况,指出了存在于海域内的水温振动频域及影响水温变化的显著振动周期.文内还指出了在锋面过境的两种截然不同的气象条件下所具有的海域表层水温改变的特点与趋向. 相似文献
10.
匡国瑞 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1986,(1)
一、概述 本调查海区处在黄海南部和东海北部,水温的分布和变化主要取决于太阳辐射、气象因素和流系的时空变化。不同的海区和不同的季节,其影响各不相同。 本区表层温度的分布和变化,受气候条件的影响。冬半年调查区处于强大的冬季季风的控制下,冷气流使海面急剧冷却和增盐,并通过蒸发耗散热量,从而导致了海水对流混和的增强,使浅水区水温呈现垂直均匀分布;深水区上层水温呈垂直均匀分布,而下层水温则深度的增加而递减。夏半年温暖的夏季季风有利于表层水的增温,促使海水层化,使某温度上出现跃层。 相似文献
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Temperature (i.e. habitat at any given temperature) is an ecological resource for which organisms compete to maximise growth and other fitness measures, but the temperature (thermal habitat)-resource concept has not been widely applied to the study of estuarine fish. Temperature–abundance relationships for 16 fish and four invertebrate species from the Thames estuary were analysed to test hypotheses regarding temperature resource partitioning. Significant temperature–abundance models were apparent, explaining >65% of the variability in 13 fish species and 50% of variability in three invertebrate species. Fish demonstrated differential responses to temperature across the range. Invertebrates generally preferred warmer conditions than fish. Calculated thermal niche breadths indicated species preferenda spread across the recorded temperature range and some separation along the thermal niche axis within the same functional guild or taxonomic group. Calculated overlap coefficients and resource separation ratios provided some evidence for resource separation and demonstrated that species closely aligned on other niche axes (e.g. physical habitat use, feeding type) were most likely to be separated in terms of their use of thermal habitat resources, suggesting where other niche axes variables are not separating species, division of the temperature resources may be preventing competition between fish species. Few fish species demonstrated significant overlap with potential invertebrate prey, suggesting facultative use of the estuary to exploit optimal thermal habitat rather than food supply. The temporal migration pattern of fish in estuaries is therefore interpreted as a response to resource separation along the temperature axis which limits potential competition between functionally or taxonomically similar species. Thermal resource partitioning in estuaries has temporal rather than spatial dimensions and provides an example of the niche compression/expansion hypothesis. 相似文献
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俄国鱼类行为与感觉研究（Ⅰ） 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
本文简述俄国鱼类行为及感觉系统研究的发展，概述了在洄游及基本行为类型研究结果，鱼在水流中行为，其水动力学特征及游泳速度、温度选择、与个体生理状态相关的鱼行为，以及鱼类行为遗传研究。 相似文献
13.
大洋性鱿鱼的洄游路径能够给我们重要的信息,帮助我们了解其时空分布的变化。标记-重捕和电子标记方法在施行过程中仍存在一些问题。头足类的硬组织,如角质颚,有着稳定的形态特征和类似耳石的连续生长纹,同时包含丰富的生态信息,可以为我们研究物种的时空分布提供相关信息。本研究中,我们以北太平洋柔鱼为研究对象,基于不同角质颚生长阶段进行取样来重建鱿鱼的洄游路径。研究结果认为,通过电感耦合等离子质谱仪（LA-ICP-MS）取样,发现角质颚的喙端矢状平面（RSS）检测到9种微量元素。针对上述几种元素,发现不同生长阶段的磷（P）、铜（Cu）和锌（Zn）存在显著差异。利用钠（Na）、磷和锌与海表面温度（SST）建立线性回归模型。基于贝叶斯模型,计算出不同时期柔鱼出现的较高概率的海域。结合不同时期的高概率分布海域,建立起柔鱼的洄游路径,该结果与前人研究结果一致。本研究也证实了角质颚可以为研究大洋性柔鱼的洄游路径提供有效的信息。 相似文献
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Laboratory experiments have shown that the juvenile migratory stage of banded kokopu (Galaxias fasciatus (Gray 1842)) is more sensitive to turbidity than other native fish species and avoids turbidity levels of >25 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU). Field trials using juvenile fish collected from the Tarawera River and Hays Stream, New Zealand, were used to test the results from these laboratory experiments by measuring the effects of turbidity on the migration direction and rate for banded kokopu in a natural stream setting. In the stream setting, neither the migration rate nor the migration direction were affected at turbidity <25 NTU. At higher turbidity levels, significantly fewer fish migrated up stream within a given time period. Because there was rarely any downstream movement, this suggests the fish either halted or slowed their upstream movement. A slower rate of migration could result in fewer juveniles reaching adult habitat, and would account for the reduced abundance of adult banded kokopu in rivers that are turbid during the migration season. Achieving turbidity levels of <25 NTU in rivers and streams during the migration season would therefore help maintain upstream migrations and populations of banded kokopu, and hence other native fish species. 相似文献
16.
George Katselis Katerina Koukou Evagelos Dimitriou Constantin Koutsikopoulos 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,73(3-4):571-582
In the present study we analysed the daily seaward migratory behaviour of four dominant euryhaline fish species (Mugilidae: Liza saliens, Liza aurata, Mugil cephalus and Sparidae: Sparus aurata) in the Messolonghi–Etoliko lagoon system (Western Greek coast) based on the daily landings' time series of barrier traps and assessed the relationship between their migratory behaviour and various climatic variables (air temperature and atmospheric pressure) and the lunar cycle. A 2-year time series of daily fish landings (1993 and 1994), a long time series of daily air temperature and daily temperature range (1991–1998) as well as a 4-year time series of the daily atmospheric pressure (1994–1997) and daily pressure range were used. Harmonic models (HM) consisting of annual and lunar cycle harmonic components explained most (R2 > 0.80) of the mean daily species landings and temperature variations, while a rather low part of the variation (0.18 < R2 < 0.27) was explained for pressure, daily pressure range and daily temperature range. In all the time series sets the amplitude of the annual component was highest. The model values of all species revealed two important migration periods (summer and winter) corresponding to the spawning and refuge migrations. The lunar cycle effect on species' daily migration rates and the short-term fluctuation of daily migration rates were rather low. However, the short-term fluctuation of some species' daily migration rates during winter was greater than during summer. In all species, the main migration was the spawning migration. The model lunar components of the species landings showed a monthly oscillation synchronous to the full moon (S. aurata and M. cephalus) or a semi-monthly oscillation synchronous to the new and full moon (L. aurata and L. saliens). Bispectral analysis of the model values and the model residuals' time series revealed that the species daily migration were correlated (coherencies > 0.6) to the daily fluctuations of the climatic variables at seasonal, mid and short-term scales. 相似文献
17.
为查明黄、渤海生态交错带长山列岛邻近海域鱼类功能多样性的时空变化,根据2016-2017年在长山列岛邻近海域开展的鱼类生物资源和环境因子的调查数据,结合食性、营养级、洄游类型、适温性、恢复力和鱼卵类型等13种功能性状,应用群落特征加权平均数指数、功能多样性指数和Spearman秩相关分析等方法,研究了该海域鱼类功能多样性的季节变化、空间格局及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明,春、冬季的优势类群为端位或上位口、生长系数较低、脆弱性较高、恢复力较低、定居或短距离洄游的平扁形、暖温性底层鱼类,夏、秋季表现出更多的功能性状,例如长距离洄游、栖息位置处于中上层、体型为侧扁形和纺锤形等;夏、秋季的功能丰富度指数显著高于春、冬季,功能均匀度指数在春季最高,功能离散度指数在秋季最低且显著低于其他季节;春季功能均匀度指数和春、秋季功能离散度指数均表现出西高东低的分布趋势,夏、冬季的功能丰富度指数和秋季的功能均匀度指数均表现出东高西低的分布趋势;功能多样性指数与环境因子具有一定的相关性。长山列岛邻近海域作为黄、渤海生态交错带,鱼类洄游引起优势功能性状和功能多样性呈现出一定的季节变化,环境因子的变化使得功能多样... 相似文献
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养殖牙鲆鳗弧菌疫苗的研究 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
以牙鲆病原性鳗弧菌M3为抗原,制备了细胞（CV）、细胞－胞外产物（CEV）、脂多糖（LPS）三种疫苗,通过浸泡和注射两种途径对牙鲆进行两次免疫,检测疫苗的免疫保护效果。免疫后4周可检测到免疫组牙鲆具有明显的凝集抗体效价,其中注射组效价显著高于浸泡组,而对照组变化不明显。与对照组相比,免疫组牙鲆获得良好的免疫保护力,其中注射免疫组高于浸泡组。在注射免疫途径中,以CEV的免疫保护效果最好;在浸泡免疫途径中,以CEV和LPS的免疫保护效果最好。结果表明鳗弧菌M3的细胞－胞外产物苗有显著的免疫保护作用。 相似文献
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为探究冬季不同背景风场下黑潮锋影响边界层云的机理,采用高分辨率卫星数据和再分析数据,研究了冬季海面背景风为垂直(西北风)和平行(东北风)东海黑潮海表面温度锋(黑潮锋)条件下,边界层云对黑潮锋的响应。结果表明:背景风垂直黑潮锋情况下,黑潮锋强迫的边界层内次级环流明显,黑潮锋暖水侧海面冷平流强,海气温差增大,海气界面潜热感热通量增大,海气界面不稳定性增大,产生上升运动,云底高度抬升。上升运动在边界层底向南北两侧辐散,在冷水侧产生下沉运动与500 hPa高压下沉叠加,使局地云量明显减少,形成晴空少云区(云洞)。在暖水侧以南的下沉支叠加云顶上的下沉运动和边界层退耦效应共同作用,产生另一个云洞。气压调整机制为次级环流产生的主要原因。背景风平行黑潮锋情况下,海面空气温度平流作用小,暖水侧海气温差较小,虽然海洋仍然加热大气,但海气界面不稳定较弱,湍流增强使云底高度抬升,垂直混合机制为该湍流增强的主要原因。 相似文献
20.
Whereas diel fish migration between mangrove and seagrass habitats has been recognized for decades, quantitative studies have focused mainly on diurnal patterns of fish distribution and abundance. In general, previous studies have shown that fish abundances decline with increasing distance from mangroves; however, evidence for such a pattern at night, when many fishes are actively feeding, is scarce. The present study is the first to report nocturnal fish abundances along a continuous distance gradient from mangroves across adjacent seagrass habitat (0–120 m). Here, we used nocturnal seine sampling to test the null hypothesis (based on diurnal studies and limited nocturnal work) that fish abundance would decrease with increasing distance from shoreline. We focused on species and life‐stage‐specific abundance patterns of Lutjanus griseus, Sphyraena barracuda, Archosargus rhomboidalis, and Haemulon sciurus. Results indicated that assemblage composition and structure differed significantly by season, likely influenced by temperature. However, within each season, the fish habitat use pattern at both the assemblage and species‐specific level generally failed to support our working null hypothesis. Species‐specific analyses revealed that, for most species and life‐stages examined, nocturnal abundance either did not change with distance or increased with distance from the mangrove‐seagrass ecotone. Our results suggest that analyses where taxa are grouped to report overall patterns may have the potential to overlook significant species‐ and stage‐specific variation. For fishes known to make nocturnal migrations, we recommend nocturnal sampling to determine habitat utilization patterns, especially when inferring nursery value of multiple habitats or when estimating fish production. 相似文献