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根据高密度电阻率法的工作原理、装置形式和异常特点,利用井下高密度电法技术对西山煤电运煤通道东曲段底板下沉区域进行探测。探测采用高密度直流电法温纳装置,布置电极总数64路,电极距5m,剖面总长度320m。对采集的数据通过基于圆滑约束最小二乘法反演,获得电阻率成像断面色谱图,结合已知异常地质体的电性特征,对矿井含水层富水性进行评价。解释结果表明运煤通道东曲段底板存在一个低阻异常区,且上下连通,应作为底板水防治的重点区域。该结论已得到钻孔验证。 相似文献
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最近几年,人们提出了利用电法来寻找油气藏的可能性。如果从不同地电断面所表征的若干油田电测井资料的研究中,可以确定平均地电参数的话中,那么,利用各种电测深资料来定量解释异常是可以实现的。由深部含油层所引起的直流视电阻率异常,取决于含油层上下岩层的电阻率,以及所采用的电极装置形式。径向偶极装置将得到最大的异常值,其次才是其他电极装置,象施芦姆贝格尔装置和温纳装置。当目的层下部的电阻率比上部低的时候,就会获得最大视电阻率异常;视电阻率的相对异常总是和含油层与上覆岩层横向电阻的比值相同。当采用径向偶极装置的时候,有限延伸的含油层并不使无限延伸含油层异常值发生明显的改变,在此情况下最小极距大约为埋藏深度的4倍。在含油层附近,埋设一个供电电极就会使异常幅值增大;最大异常出现在和深度相接近的极距上。在若干油田中,只有0.1～10％的油田能够引起典型的视电阻率异常。对于较大的油田可以探测到这些异常,而对较小的油田则必须在改善电测深方法的探测能力之后,才能探测到它的异常。 相似文献
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高阻碳酸盐岩中的低阻断层和充水溶洞是岩溶区地下水勘查的主要目标体。根据高阻中找低阻的原则,建立碳酸盐岩类裂隙溶洞水赋存模式的断层－溶洞地电模型,利用RES3D软件进行温纳、施伦贝格、偶极－偶极三种采集装置的正反演模拟计算,从三维反演结果、剖面、电测深曲线三个维度,对比分析不同装置下断层－溶洞目标体的地电响应特征和规律。结果显示:(1) 探测深度内,温纳、施伦贝格、偶极－偶极装置可有效识别断层及其上盘三倍于电极距规模的充水溶洞,无法分辨断层下盘二倍于电极距规模的充水溶洞;(2) 相同模型和观测条件下,偶极－偶极装置对目标体的识别能力最强,其三维反演结果可识别溶洞下边界,剖面中形成左凸低阻圈闭异常,不同测深点的曲线类型、拐点、极值点与模型设计最为贴近,且拐点对应岩性界面,极值点位于地质体的中心深度。该工作对野外观测方式的选取和地质解译有一定指导意义。 相似文献
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随着高密度电法温纳装置在实际工程中的广泛应用,其探测深度的研究也显得十分重要。本文在详细分析了探测深度的各种影响因素后,对温纳装置探测深度基本理论进行了深入研究,得出了温纳装置探测深度跟误差扰动、异常体半径、异常体相对电阻率和电极距四个重要因素之间的关系。研究结果表明,温纳装置的探测深度是随误差扰动的增大而减少的,是随异常体半径的增大而呈非线性增大的。相对电阻率在1附近时探测深度最小,但增大到一定程度后,探测深度基本稳定,没有大的变化。当其它因素保持不变时,探测深度是随着电极距的增大而增大,但增大到一定范围后,探测深度反而会变小。最后结合理论分析与工程实际,通过对温纳装置探测孤石深度的数值模拟,提出了增加温纳装置探测孤石深度的正确方法。 相似文献
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电位噪声是影响高密度数据采集质量进而影响反演成像解释可靠性的重要因素。通过模拟四种不同水平电位噪声并获得噪声数据,对比分析四种装置(温纳装置、三极装置、偶极装置、温纳-施伦贝谢装置),在噪声条件下的反演模型电阻率差异,并评估各装置对噪声响应的灵敏程度以及不同噪声水平对反演模型分辨率和各装置的勘探深度的影响。将反演模型分辨率和各装置勘探深度进行了量化,定量分析模型分辨率和不同装置勘探深度在各噪声水平下的变化规律,综合评估噪声对四种装置反演模型分辨率和勘探深度的影响得出:①偶极和三极装置对噪声灵敏程度较高,而温纳和温施装置对噪声灵敏程度相对较低;②噪声对深层地电模型分辨率影响较大,在有效分辨地电模型的深度范围内,温纳和温施装置的模型分辨率降低2/5,三极装置降低一半,偶极装置降低3/5左右;③勘探深度在噪声影响下均有所减小,温纳和温施装置减小约1/4,偶极和三极装置减小约1/3。 相似文献
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介绍了不对称测深法装置的测深原理;在吉林某地进行了激电测深勘探,结果显示:正向单极-偶极和反向偶极-单极采集的视电阻率、视充电率原始数据在拟断面图的分布特征,和大地电磁测深原始数据受到的静态效应类似,视电阻率、视充电率受局部地形和电磁噪声的影响,在拟断面图中呈假的带状异常。正向单极-偶极、反向偶极-单极装置获取的视电阻率、视充电率数据也可分别进行二维反演,但联合单极-偶极/偶极-单极装置测深二维反演地质结果最好,具有采集的数据量大、激电信号强 、穿透深度大、勘探精度高等优点,根据视电阻率、视充电率二维反演在地电断面成像技术,能够准确确定电性异常体的空间分布,为钻探验证电异常提供准确的地球物理依据。 相似文献
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不同深度岩溶管道的高密度电阻率法反演特征 总被引：10，自引：8，他引：2
高密度电法在岩溶区找水具有很好的效果,岩溶山区岩溶管道深度各异,为了探寻岩溶管道深度变化下高密度电阻率的响应规律,本文以高密度电阻率法原理为基础,采用高密度电阻率法微测系统,利用铜柱体模型,模拟均匀介质下不同深度岩溶管道的高密度电阻率响应特征。结果表明:当岩溶管道深度大于15倍电极距时,矩形AMN装置和滚动MNB装置未能探测到该深度的岩溶管道;当岩溶管道深度小于10~11倍电极距时,矩形AMN和滚动MNB装置联合能较精准地定位岩溶管道在平面上的投影位置;岩溶管道反演异常的横向宽度始终大于真实异常横向宽度,反演异常顶部埋深小于或等于真实异常顶部埋深,且岩溶管道深度越浅,反演异常体的形态、大小、埋深越接近真实异常;随岩溶管道深度的增加,岩溶管道的矩形AMN装置和滚动MNB装置异常反演形态由椭圆向半椭圆、弓形变化,直至消失。 相似文献
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利用非线性共轭梯度反演方法,对采集到的近正交的两条音频大地电磁剖面数据构成的主阻抗数据集进行三维反演。结果显示,山西省河津市地下结构呈现较明显的三层构造特征,推测第一层高阻异常是侵入岩或变质片麻岩,第二层低阻异常是铁矿富存区,高阻的第三层异常反映研究区的花岗闪长岩基底。根据地球物理电性参数资料,铁矿体为低阻,电阻率<10Ω·m。因此,推测10Ω·m的电阻率等值面大致勾勒出大地电磁反演结果推测的铁矿的成矿有利区。在两条剖面正交位置下方,矿体规模较小;但在2号线60-100号点和3号线476-492号点的下方1 km深的位置附近发现了新矿体。结果表明,利用大地电磁法寻找类似热液型铁矿这类局部异常体,三维反演是获得可靠结果的必要技术手段;即使是剖面性观测数据,也可以进行三维反演,并取得良好效果。 相似文献
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采用电法测量时,为提高观测精度和质量,增强电磁耦合抗干扰能力,须合理计算和减小接地电阻。接地电阻可根据电流场性质和导线电阻定义来计算。针对棒状电极,运用MATLAB软件仿真分析其接地电阻随电极半径、入土深度、电极表面附近土壤覆盖距离的变化规律,确定棒状电极的主要尺寸。由于电极尺寸一般相对固定,减小接地电阻主要通过减小电极附近的土壤电阻率和多根电极并联接地。通过仿真分析接地电阻随更换土壤覆盖半径及集合屏蔽效应系数随电极间隔变化规律,指出更换土壤覆盖半径一般取在100~150 cm范围内,电极间隔大于2倍入土深度,此时接地效果最佳。 相似文献
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高密度电阻率法在岩溶区找水具有较好的效果,但岩溶区地形复杂,高密度电法受地形起伏影响较大。为了提高岩溶区高密度电法找水的勘探效果,掌握地形起伏对高密度电法影响的规律,本文采用高密度电阻率法微测系统,利用铜柱体模拟地下岩溶管道,研究地形起伏对高密度电法探测岩溶管道的影响。研究结果表明:高密度联合剖面法及高密度α2装置受谷地地形影响较大,容易在谷地中间产生虚假的低阻异常,矩形AMN和滚动MNB装置受地形影响较小;受谷地地形影响,高密度电法能勘探的有效异常体深度减小;同一电极距下,平地模型及谷地模型反演异常体顶部埋深均小于真实异常,横向宽度均大于真实异常,平地模型反演异常体的顶部埋深大于谷地模型反演异常体,横向宽度小于谷地模型反演异常体。 相似文献
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激发极化法在吉林安图刘生店钼矿的应用 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
为了在吉林东部覆盖较厚地区寻找深部隐伏矿体, 在安图刘生店钼矿勘查中利用中间梯度装置激发极化法扫面, 发现了极化率为1.88% ～4.61%、电阻率为300～500Ω ·m的高极化率低阻异常。异常体上对称四极装置激电测深结果表明: 3勘查线极化体顶面埋深20 ～30 m, 底面埋深150～170 m; 11勘查线极化体顶面埋深为25～65 m, 底面埋深> 200 m。经钻探工程验证, 钼矿体的形态、产状、顶、底板的埋深与异常解译成果基本吻合。 相似文献
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Vertical electrical sounding (VES), employing a Schlumberger electrode configuration, was used to investigate the sediments and aquifer repositories in Itu Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom state, southern Nigeria. This was done in sixteen (16) locations/communities with the maximum current electrode spread ranging between 800–1000m. The field data were interpreted using forward and iterative least square inversion modeling, which gives a resolution with 3–5 geoelectric layers. The observed frequencies in curve types include 31.25% of AKH, 18.8% of AAK and HK and 6.25% of K, QHK, AKH, KA and KHQ, respectively. These sets of curves show a wide range of variabilities in resistivities between and within the layers penetrated by current. The presence of K and H curve types in the study area indicates the alteration of the geomaterials with limited hydrologic significance to the prolific groundwater repository. A correlation of the constrained nearby borehole lithology logs with the VES results shows that the layers were all sandy formations (fine and well sorted sands to gravelly sands or medium to coarse-grained sands as described by nearby lithology logs) with some wide ranges of electrical resistivity values and thicknesses caused by electrostratigraphic inhomogeneity. The geologic topsoil (motley topsoil) is generally porous and permeable and as such the longitudinal conductance (S) values for the covering/protective layer is generally less than unity of Siemens (S < 1Ω?1), the value considered for efficient protection of the underlying aquifers by the topmost and overlying layer. The spatial orientations and the leveling patterns of the most economically viable potential groundwater repository within the maximum current electrode separations has been delineated in 2-D and 3-D contoured maps. The estimated depth range for the desired groundwater repository is 32.6–113.1m and its average depth value is 74.30m. The thickness of this layer ranges from 27.9–103m while its average depth has been evaluated to be 63.02m. Also, its resistivity range and average value have been estimated to be 507–5612m and 3365.125Ωm 相似文献
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In situ soil micro electrical resistivity measurements were carried out in a pilot plot within the Teaching and Research Farm of Ekiti State University with the aim of establishing relationships between such measurements, soil horizons, and textural classifications. The vertical electrical sounding (VES) technique was adopted for horizon mapping, while the horizontal profiling (HP) technique was used to determine the spatial distribution of in situ soil electrical resistivity of the topmost horizon. Twenty-five VES points were occupied with the Wenner electrode array and electrode spacing that was varied from 2 to 128 cm (0.02 to 1.28 m). The VES data were interpreted by partial curve matching and computer assisted 1-D forward modeling with the IPI2Win software. HP data were also acquired with the Wenner electrode array with a constant electrode separation of 8 cm and station interval of 1 m. Resistivity measurements were taken at 729 stations. The HP data were classified into resistivity-derived soil classes using a standard table. Eighty-one soil samples were collected from the topmost (0–3 cm) horizon and textural classification was derived from the particle size distributions. The resistivity range of values for the identified three layers was 38–590, 328–5222, and 393–900 Ω·m respectively. The average resistivities of the three layers were 263, 2554, and 703 Ω·m, with respective thicknesses of 2.85 cm, 45.52 cm, and infinite. The above resistivity regimes of the three horizons were attributed to responses from the O, A, and B soil horizons. The resistivity values of the O-horizon ranging from 210 to 750 Ω·m were classified as clayey sand while values greater than 750 Ω·m were classified as sand. The soil textural classifications obtained within the horizon were the sandy loam and loamy sand types. The cross-tabulation and spatial pattern comparison of resistivity-derived soil classes and textural classifications showed that whereas there existed some overlapping relationships, the sandy loam textural class had stronger association with the resistivity-derived clayey sand soil type, and the loamy sand textural class had stronger association with the more resistive sand soil type. This study therefore established that in situ soil electrical resistivity can be used for soil horizon mapping and textural classification. 相似文献
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The objective of this study was to assess the subsurface strata and groundwater situation of Olomoro, Nigeria using borehole logging and electrical resistivity techniques. The borehole logging consisting of resistivity and spontaneous potential logs were conducted by using the Johnson Keck logger on a drilled well in the study area. The electrical resistivity survey involving 17 vertical electrical soundings (VES) with a maximum current electrode spacing of 100 to 150 m was conducted using the Schlumberger electrode configuration. Analysis of the well cuttings revealed that the lithology of the subsurface consist of topsoil, clay, very fine sand, medium grain sand, coarse sand and very coarse sand. Results of the downhole logging also revealed that the mean electrical conductivity and the total dissolved solid of the groundwater was obtained as 390 μS/cm and 245 mg/cm3 respectively. These values are within the acceptable limit set by the Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON) for drinking water. The result of the vertical electrical sounding interpreted using the computer iterative modeling revealed the presence of four to five geoelectric layers which showed a close correlation with result from the lithology and downhole logging. Results further showed that the resistivity of the subsurface aquifer ranged between 1584 and 5420 Ωm while the aquifer depths varied between 27.8 and 39.3 m. Groundwater development of the area is suggested using the depth and resistivity maps provided in this study. 相似文献
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The effectiveness of inversion apparent resistivity data to determine accurately the true resistivity distribution over 2D structures has been investigated using a common inversion scheme based on smoothness-constrained nonlinear least-squares optimization with enhancing horizontal resolution (EHR) technique by numerical simulation. The theoretical model generates in RES2DMOD software at specific distance and depth using Wenner, Wenner–Schlumberger, and pole–dipole arrays were inverted. The inversion model was compared with the original 2D model in RES2DINV software. The study model includes horizontal layering, vertical resolution, and horizontal two layers with different resistivity. Also, the response to variations in data density of these arrays was investigated. The study shows the best array suitable to be used in the survey was chosen for real data acquisition at the actual site. Subsequently, the results from borehole were used to verify the results of 2D resistivity imaging method with and without EHR technique. Saturated zone (0–40 Ω-m) was found scattered at the depth of 10–20 m. The borehole is located at 63 m at 2D resistivity imaging survey which shows at depth 10–20 m is sandy silt. Highly weathered sandstone was found at 6 m depth with resistivity value of 800 Ω-m and SPT N value of 20. The bedrock was found at 27 m depth with resistivity value of 3,000 Ω-m and SPT N value of 50. The application of 2D resistivity imaging with EHR technique indicate the ability of the proposed approach in terms of density, depth, and resistivity value of anomalous and layer in a computationally and numerically efficient manner and to exhibit good performance in the data inversion. 相似文献